Ifyouwanttogatherhoney,don''tkickthebeehive如果你想采蜂蜜,不要踢蜂窝OnMay 7,1931,themostsensationalmanhuntNewYorkCityhadeverkno wnhadcometoitsclimax.Afterweeksofsearch,“TwoGun”Crowl ey-thekiller,thegunmanwhodidn’tsmokeordrink-wasatba y,trappedinhissweetheart’sapartmentonWestEndAvenue.1931年 5月7日,纽约市有史以来最轰动的搜捕行动达到了高潮。经过数周的搜查,“两把枪”克劳利-凶手,枪手谁不抽烟或喝酒-在海湾,被困在他的 情人的公寓在西区大道。Onehundredandfiftypolicemenanddetectiveslaidsi egetohistop-floorhideway.Theychoppedholesintheroof;the ytriedtosmokeoutCrowley,the“copkiller,”withteargas.The ntheymountedtheirmachinegunsonsurroundingbuildings,andf ormorethananhouroneofNewYork’sfineresidentialareasrev erberatedwiththecrackofpistolfireandtherut-tat-tatofmach ineguns.Crowley,crouchingbehindanoverstuffedchair,firedi ncessantlyatthepolice.Tenthousandexcitedpeoplewatchedthe battle.Nothinglikeiteverbeenseenbeforeonthesidewalkso fNewYork.一百五十名警察和侦探包围了他顶层的藏身处。他们在屋顶上砍了几个洞;他们试图用催泪弹把“警察杀手”克劳利熏出来 。然后,他们把机关枪对准周围的建筑,一个多小时以来,纽约一个漂亮的住宅区回荡着手枪的噼啪声和机关枪的隆隆声。克劳利蹲在一张垫得太厚 的椅子后面,不停地向警察开枪。一万名激动的人们观看了战斗。在纽约的人行道上从来没有见过这样的景象。WhenCrowleywas captured,PoliceCommissionerE.P.Mulrooneydeclaredthatthe two-gundesperadowasoneofthemostdangerouscriminalseveren counteredinthehistoryofNewYork.“Hewillkill,”saidtheCo mmissioner,“atthedropofafeather.”当克劳利被抓获时,警察局长E.P.Mulrooney 宣称,这名两把枪的亡命之徒是纽约历史上遇到的最危险的罪犯之一。“他会杀人的,”局长说,“一箭之遥。”Buthowdid“Tw oGun”Crowleyregardhimself?Weknow,becausewhilethepolice werefiringintohisapartment,hewrotealetteraddressed“Tow homitmayconcern,”And,ashewrote,thebloodflowingfromhi swoundsleftacrimsontrailonthepaper.InthisletterCrowle ysaid:“Undermycoatisawearyheart,butakindone-onetha twoulddonobodyanyharm.”但“两把枪”克劳利是怎么看待自己的呢?我们知道,因为当警察向他的公寓开枪时 ,他写了一封信,写给“可能与他有关的人”,正如他所写的,从伤口流出的鲜血在纸上留下了深红色的痕迹。在这封信中,克劳利说:“在我的外 衣下有一颗疲惫的心,但却是一颗善良的心——一颗不会伤害任何人的心。”Ashorttimebeforethis,Crowl eyhadbeenhavinganeckingpartywithhisgirlfriendonacoun tryroadoutonLongIsland.Suddenlyapolicemanwalkeduptoth ecarandsaid:“Letmeseeyourlicense.”在这之前不久,克劳利和他的女朋友在长岛的一条乡 间小路上举行了一个聚会。突然一个警察走到车前说:“让我看看你的驾照。”Withoutsayingaword,Crowley drewhisgunandcutthepolicemandownwithashoweroflead.A sthedyingofficerfell,Crowleyleapedoutofthecar,grabbed theofficer’srevolver,andfiredanotherbulletintotheprostra tebody.Andthatwasthekillerwhosaid:“Undermycoatisawe aryheart,butakindone-onethatwoulddonobodyanyharm.’克劳 利一句话也没说,就拔出枪,用铅把警察打倒在地。当这名将死的警官倒下时,克劳利跳下车,抓起了警官的左轮手枪,又向倒下的尸体开了一枪。 凶手说:“在我的外衣下是一颗疲惫的心,但却是一颗善良的心——一颗不会伤害任何人的心。”Crowleywassentenced totheelectricchair.WhenhearrivedatthedeathhouseinSing Sing,didhesay,“ThisiswhatIgetforkillingpeople”?No,h esaid:“ThisiswhatIgetfordefendingmyself.”克劳利被判坐电椅。当他到达星星 的死亡之家时,他有没有说,“这就是我杀人的结果”?不,他说:“这就是我为自己辩护所得到的。”Thepointofthest oryisthis:“TwoGun”Crowleydidn’tblamehimselfforanything. 故事的重点是:“两把枪”克劳利没有责怪自己什么。Isthatanunusualattitudeamongcrimina ls?Ifyouthinkso,listentothis:“Ihavespentthebestyears ofmylifegivingpeoplethelighterpleasures,helpingthemhave agoodtime,andallIgetisabuse,theexistenceofahuntedm an.”罪犯的这种态度不寻常吗?如果你这么认为,请听这个:“我用一生中最美好的时光给人们带来轻松的快乐,帮助他们度过美好的时光,而 我得到的只是虐待,一个被猎杀的人的存在。”That’sAlCaponespeaking.Yes,America’smo stnotoriousPublicEnemy-themostsinistergangleaderwhoever shotupChicago.Caponedidn’tcondemnhimself.Heactuallyrega rdedhimselfasapublicbenefactor-anunappreciatedandmisund erstoodpublicbenefactor.我是艾尔·卡彭。是的,美国最臭名昭著的公敌-最邪恶的黑帮头目谁开枪打了芝加哥。 卡彭没有谴责自己。他实际上把自己看作是一个公众恩人——一个不被赏识和误解的公众恩人。AndsodidDutchSchult zbeforehecrumpledupundergangsterbulletsinNewark.DutchS chultz,oneofNewYork’smostnotoriousrats,saidinanewspape rinterviewthathewasapublicbenefactor.Andhebelievedit.达 奇·舒尔茨在纽瓦克被歹徒的子弹打倒之前也是如此。纽约最臭名昭著的老鼠之一荷兰人舒尔茨在接受报纸采访时说,他是一个公共捐助者。他相信 了。IhavehadsomeinterestingcorrespondencewithLewisLawes,wh owaswardenofNewYork’sinfamousSingSingprisonformanyyea rs,onthissubject,andhedeclaredthat“fewofthecriminalsi nSingSingregardthemselvesasbadmen.Theyarejustashuman asyouandI.Sotheyrationalize,theyexplain.Theycantellyo uwhytheyhadtocrackasafeorbequickonthetriggerfinger. Mostofthemattemptbyaformofreasoning,fallaciousorlogic al,tojustifytheirantisocialactseventothemselves,conseque ntlystoutlymaintainingthattheyshouldneverhavebeenimpriso nedatall.”我和刘易斯·劳斯(LewisLawes)有过一些有趣的通信,他多年来一直是纽约臭名昭著的辛辛监狱(Sin g-Sing)的监狱长,他在这个问题上宣称“辛辛监狱里很少有罪犯认为自己是坏人。他们和你我一样是人。所以他们合理化,他们解释。他们 可以告诉你为什么他们要打开保险箱或是快速的扣动扳机。他们中的大多数人试图用一种推理的形式,不管是谬误的还是合乎逻辑的,来为他们的反 社会行为辩护,甚至对他们自己也是如此,因此坚决主张他们根本就不应该被监禁。”IfAlCapone,“TwoGun”Cro wley,DutchSchultz,andthedesperatemenandwomenbehindpriso nwallsdon’tblamethemselvesforanything-whataboutthepeop lewithwhomyouandIcomeincontact?如果艾尔·卡彭、“两把枪”克劳利、达奇·舒尔茨以及监 狱墙后绝望的男女都不自责的话——那你和我接触的那些人呢?JohnWanamaker,founderofthestores thatbearhisname,onceconfessed:“Ilearnedthirtyyearsago thatitisfoolishtoscold.Ihaveenoughtroubleovercomingmy ownlimitationswithoutfrettingoverthefactthatGodhasnots eenfittodistributeevenlythegiftofintelligence.”约翰·瓦纳梅克(jo hnwanamaker)是以他的名字命名的商店的创始人,他曾坦言:“三十年前,我就知道责骂是愚蠢的。我有足够的困难克服自己的局限性 ,而不必为上帝认为不适合平均分配智慧的礼物而烦恼。”Wanamakerlearnedthislessonearly,bu tIpersonallyhadtoblunderthroughthisoldworldforathird ofacenturybeforeitevenbegantodawnuponmethatninety-nin etimesoutofahundred,peopledon’tcriticizethemselvesfora nything,nomatterhowwrongitmaybe.瓦纳梅克很早就吸取了这一教训,但我个人不得不在这个旧 世界中摸索了三分之一个世纪,直到我意识到百分之九十九的人不会因为任何事情而批评自己,无论这是多么错误。Criticismisf utilebecauseitputsapersononthedefensiveandusuallymakes himstrivetojustifyhimself.Criticismisdangerous,becausei twoundsaperson’spreciouspride,hurtshissenseofimportance ,andarousesresentment.批评是徒劳的,因为它使一个人处于守势,通常使他努力为自己辩护。批评是危险的,因为 它伤害了一个人宝贵的自尊心,伤害了他的重要性,激起了怨恨。B.F.Skinner,theworld-famouspsyc hologist,provedthroughhisexperimentsthatananimalrewarded forgoodbehaviorwilllearnmuchmorerapidlyandretainwhatit learnsfarmoreeffectivelythanananimalpunishedforbadbeha vior.Laterstudieshaveshownthatthesameappliestohumans.B ycriticizing,wedonotmakelastingchangesandoftenincurres entment.世界著名心理学家斯金纳通过他的实验证明,一只因行为良好而受到奖励的动物比一只因行为不良而受到惩罚的动物学得更快,学 得更有效。后来的研究表明,这同样适用于人类。通过批评,我们不会做出持久的改变,常常招致怨恨。HansSelye,another greatpsychologist,said,“Asmuchaswethirstforapproval,we dreadcondemnation,”另一位伟大的心理学家汉斯·塞尔耶(HansSelye)说:“我们渴望认可,却害怕谴责。 ”Theresentmentthatcriticismengenderscandemoralizeemployees ,familymembersandfriends,andstillnotcorrectthesituation thathasbeencondemned.批评引起的怨恨可能会挫伤员工、家人和朋友的士气,而且仍然无法纠正被谴责的情况。G eorgeB.JohnstonofEnid,Oklahoma,isthesafetycoordinatorfo ranengineeringcompany,Oneofhisre-sponsibilitiesistosee thatemployeesweartheirhardhatswhenevertheyareonthejob inthefield.Hereportedthatwheneverhecameacrossworkerswh owerenotwearinghardhats,hewouldtellthemwithalotofau thorityoftheregulationandthattheymustcomply.Asaresult hewouldgetsullenacceptance,andoftenafterheleft,thework erswouldremovethehats.来自俄克拉荷马州埃尼德市的乔治·B·约翰斯顿是一家工程公司的安全协调员,他的职 责之一是确保员工在现场工作时戴上安全帽。他报告说,每当他遇到没有戴安全帽的工人时,他都会非常权威地告诉他们这项规定,他们必须遵守。 结果他会闷闷不乐地被接受,而且常常在他离开后,工人们会摘下帽子。Hedecidedtotryadifferentapp roach.Thenexttimehefoundsomeoftheworkersnotwearingthe irhardhat,heaskedifthehatswereuncomfortableordidnotf itproperly.Thenheremindedthemeninapleasanttoneofvoice thatthehatwasdesignedtoprotectthemfrominjuryandsugges tedthatitalwaysbewornonthejob.Theresultwasincreasedc ompliancewiththeregulationwithnoresentmentoremotionalups et.他决定尝试另一种方法。下一次,当他发现一些工人没有戴安全帽时,他问这些帽子是不舒服还是不合身。然后,他用悦耳的语气提醒这些人 ,这顶帽子是为保护他们不受伤害而设计的,并建议他们在工作中永远戴着它。结果是对法规的遵从性提高了,没有怨恨和情绪不安。Youwi llfindexamplesofthefutilityofcriticismbristlingonathou sandpagesofhistory,Take,forexample,thefamousquarrelbetw eenTheodoreRooseveltandPresidentTaft-aquarrelthatsplit theRepublicanparty,putWoodrowWilsonintheWhiteHouse,and wrotebold,luminouslinesacrosstheFirstWorldWarandaltered theflowofhistory.Let’sreviewthefactsquickly.WhenTheodo reRooseveltsteppedoutoftheWhiteHousein1908,hesupported Taft,whowaselectedPresident.ThenTheodoreRooseveltwentof ftoAfricatoshootlions.Whenhereturned,heexploded.Heden ouncedTaftforhisconservatism,triedtosecurethenomination forathirdtermhimself,formedtheBullMooseparty,andallbu tdemolishedtheG.O.P.Intheelectionthatfollowed,WilliamHo wardTaftandtheRepublicanpartycarriedonlytwostates-Verm ontandUtah.Themostdisastrousdefeatthepartyhadeverknown .你会在一千页的历史上找到批评徒劳的例子,比如西奥多·罗斯福和塔夫脱总统之间的著名争吵——这场争吵分裂了共和党,使伍德罗·威尔逊入 主白宫,还写了一篇大胆的文章,第一次世界大战期间的发光线改变了历史的流动。让我们快速回顾一下事实。当西奥多·罗斯福1908年走出白 宫时,他支持当选总统的塔夫脱。然后西奥多罗斯福去非洲射杀狮子。当他回来时,他爆炸了。他谴责塔夫脱的保守主义,试图自己争取第三个任期 的提名,组建了公牛驼鹿党,几乎摧毁了共和党。在随后的选举中,威廉·霍华德·塔夫脱和共和党只获得了两个州——佛蒙特州和犹他州。这是该 党有史以来最惨烈的失败。TheodoreRooseveltblamedTaft,butdidPresidentTaf tblamehimself?Ofcoursenot,Withtearsinhiseyes,Taftsaid :“Idon’tseehowIcouldhavedoneanydifferentlyfromwhatI have.”西奥多·罗斯福责怪塔夫脱,但塔夫脱总统责怪他自己吗?当然不是,他眼里含着泪水说:“我看不出我能做的和我现在做的有什么不 同。”Whowastoblame?RooseveltorTaft?Frankly,Idon’tknow,an dIdon’tcare.ThepointIamtryingtomakeisthatallofTheo doreRoosevelt’scriticismdidn’tpersuadeTaftthathewaswrong .ItmerelymadeTaftstrivetojustifyhimselfandtoreiterate withtearsinhiseyes:“Idon’tseehowIcouldhavedoneanydi fferentlyfromwhatIhave.”该怪谁?罗斯福还是塔夫脱?坦白说,我不知道,我也不在乎。我想说的是,西奥多 ·罗斯福的所有批评并没有让塔夫脱相信他错了。这只会让塔夫脱努力为自己辩解,并含泪重申:“我看不出我能做什么不同于我现在所做的。”O r,taketheTeapotDomeoilscandal.Itkeptthenewspapersringi ngwithindignationintheearly1920s.Itrockedthenation!Wit hinthememoryoflivingmen,nothinglikeithadeverhappenedb eforeinAmericanpubliclife.Herearethebarefactsofthesca ndal:AlbertB.Fall,secretaryoftheinteriorinHarding’scabi net,wasentrustedwiththeleasingofgovernmentoilreservesat ElkHillandTeapotDome-oilreservesthathadbeensetaside forthefutureuseoftheNavy.DidsecretaryFallpermitcompeti tivebidding?Nosir.Hehandedthefat,juicycontractoutright tohisfriendEdwardL.Doheny.AndwhatdidDohenydo?HegaveS ecretaryFallwhathewaspleasedtocalla“loan”ofonehundred thousanddollars.Then,inahigh-handedmanner,SecretaryFall orderedUnitedStatesMarinesintothedistricttodriveoffcomp etitorswhoseadjacentwellsweresappingoiloutoftheElkHill reserves.Thesecompetitors,drivenofftheirgroundattheends ofgunsandbayonets,rushedintocourt-andblewthelidofft heTeapotDomescandal.Astencharosesovilethatitruinedthe HardingAdministration,nauseatedanentirenation,threatenedt owrecktheRepublicanparty,andputAlbertB.Fallbehindpriso nbars.或者,以茶壶圆顶油丑闻为例。在20世纪20年代初,它让报纸上不断响起愤怒的声音。它震撼了整个国家!在活着的人们的记忆 中,在美国的公共生活中从来没有发生过这样的事情。以下是丑闻的基本事实:哈丁内阁内政部长阿尔伯特·B·法尔(AlbertB.Fal l)被委托租赁埃尔克山和茶壶穹顶的政府石油储备,这些储备是为海军未来使用而预留的。法尔部长允许竞标吗?没有,先生。他把那份又肥又多 汁的合同直接交给了他的朋友爱德华多尼。多尼做了什么?他给了法尔秘书一笔他高兴地称之为十万美元的“贷款”。然后,法尔部长以高压手段命 令美国海军陆战队进入该地区,赶走那些邻近油井正在从麋鹿山保护区开采石油的竞争对手。这些参赛者被枪口和刺刀从地上赶走,冲进法庭,并揭 发了茶壶顶丑闻。一股臭气冒出来,令人作呕,毁掉了哈定政府,让整个国家恶心,威胁要毁掉共和党,把阿尔伯特B.送进监狱。Fallwa scondemnedviciously-condemnedasfewmeninpubliclifehave everbeen.Didherepent?Never!YearslaterHerbertHooverintim atedinapublicspeechthatPresidentHarding’sdeathhadbeend uetomentalanxietyandworrybecauseafriendhadbetrayedhim. WhenMrs.Fallheardthat,shesprangfromherchair,shewept, sheshookherfistsatfateandscreamed:"What!Hardingbetrayed byFall?No!Myhusbandneverbetrayedanyone.Thiswholehouse fullofgoldwouldnottemptmyhusbandtodowrong.Heistheon ewhohasbeenbetrayedandledtotheslaughterandcrucified.”福 尔受到了恶毒的谴责,公众生活中很少有人受到这样的谴责。他后悔了吗?从未!几年后,赫伯特·胡佛在一次公开演讲中暗示,哈丁总统的死是由 于一个朋友背叛了他,导致了精神上的焦虑和担忧。法尔太太听到后,从椅子上跳了起来,她哭了,她向命运挥舞拳头,尖叫道:“什么!哈丁被秋 天出卖了?不!我丈夫从不背叛任何人。这整栋房子都是金子,不会引诱我丈夫做错事的。他就是那被出卖,被带到杀戮之地,被钉十字架的人。” Thereyouare;humannatureinaction,wrongdoers,blamingeveryb odybutthemselves.Wearealllikethat.SowhenyouandIaret emptedtocriticizesomeonetomorrow,let’srememberAlCapone,“ TwoGun”CrowleyandAlbertFall.Let’srealizethatcriticismsa relikehomingpigeons.Theyalwaysreturnhome.Let’srealizeth atthepersonwearegoingtocorrectandcondemnwillprobablyj ustifyhimselforherself,andcondemnusinreturn;or,likethe gentleTaft,willsay:“Idon’tseehowIcouldhavedoneanydi fferentlyfromwhatIhave.”你在那里;人性在行动,做坏事的人,责怪别人,除了他们自己。我们都是这样的。 所以,当你和我明天想批评某人的时候,让我们记住艾尔·卡彭、“两把枪”克劳利和艾伯特·福尔。让我们意识到批评就像信鸽。他们总是回家。 让我们意识到,我们要纠正和谴责的人可能会为自己辩解,并反过来谴责我们;或者,像温和的塔夫脱一样,会说:“我看不出我能做什么不同于我 所做的。”OnthemorningofApril15,1865,AbrahamLincolnlaydying inahallbedroomofacheaplodginghousedirectlyacrossthest reetfromFord’sTheater,whereJohnWilkesBoothhadshothim.L incoln’slongbodylaystretcheddiagonallyacrossasaggingbed thatwastooshortforhim.AcheapreproductionofRosaBonheur’ sfamouspaintingTheHorseFairhungabovethebed,andadismal gasjetflickeredyellowlight.1865年4月15日的早晨,亚伯拉罕·林肯躺在一间廉价旅馆的卧室里 奄奄一息,这间卧室就在福特剧院对面,约翰·威尔克斯·布斯就是在那里开枪打死他的。林肯长长的身体斜躺在一张下垂的床上,这张床对他来说 太短了。床上挂着一幅廉价的罗莎·博涅尔著名画作《赛马场》,一股阴沉的煤气喷口闪烁着黄色的光。AsLincolnlaydyin g,SecretaryofWarStantonsaid,“Thereliesthemostperfectru lerofmenthattheworldhaseverseen.”林肯弥留之际,战争部长斯坦顿说:“世界上有史以来 最完美的统治者。”WhatwasthesecretofLincoln’ssuccessindealingwith people?IstudiedthelifeofAbrahamLincolnfortenyearsand devotedallofthreeyearstowritingandrewritingabookentitl edLincolntheUnknown.IbelieveIhavemadeasdetailedandexhaust iveastudyofLincoln’spersonalityandhomelifeasitispossi bleforanybeingtomake.ImadeaspecialstudyofLincoln’sme thodofdealingwithpeople.Didheindulgeincriticism?Oh,yes .AsayoungmaninthePigeonCreekValleyofIndiana,henoton lycriticizedbuthewrotelettersandpoemsridiculingpeoplean ddroppedtheselettersonthecountryroadswheretheyweresure tobefound.Oneoftheselettersarousedresentmentsthatburne dforalifetime.林肯成功与人打交道的秘诀是什么?我研究了亚伯拉罕·林肯的一生十年,用三年的时间写了一本书,书名叫 《未知》,我相信我已经尽可能详细详尽地研究了林肯的性格和家庭生活。我专门研究了林肯与人打交道的方法。他喜欢批评别人吗?哦,是的。作 为印第安纳州鸽溪谷的一个年轻人,他不仅批评了人们,而且还写了嘲笑人们的信和诗,把这些信扔在乡间小路上,在那里肯定能找到。其中一封信 激起了一辈子的怨恨。EvenafterLincolnhadbecomeapracticinglawyerinSp ringfield,Illinois,heattackedhisopponentsopenlyinletters publishedinthenewspapers.Buthedidthisjustoncetoooften. 甚至在林肯成为伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市的执业律师之后,他还在报纸上发表的信件中公开攻击他的对手。但他经常这样做。Intheau tumnof1842heridiculedavain,pugnaciouspoliticianbythena meofJamesShields.Lincolnlamnedhimthroughananonymouslett erpublishedinSpringfieldJournal.Thetownroaredwithlaughter .1842年秋,他嘲笑了一位名叫詹姆斯·希尔兹的虚荣好斗的政治家。林肯通过一封匿名信激怒了他,这封信发表在了《春天田野报》。镇上哄 堂大笑。Shields,sensitiveandproud,boiledwithindignation.Hefou ndoutwhowrotetheletter,leapedonhishorse,startedafterL incoln,andchallengedhimtofightaduel.Lincolndidn’twantt ofight.Hewasopposedtodueling,buthecouldn’tgetoutofit andsavehishonor.Hewasgiventhechoiceofweapons.Sincehe hadverylongarms,hechosecavalrybroadswordsandtooklesson sinswordfightingfromaWestPointgraduate;and,ontheappoi ntedday,heandShieldsmetonasandbarintheMississippiRive r,preparedtofighttothedeath;but,atthelastminute,their secondsinterruptedandstoppedduel.盾牌,敏感和骄傲,沸腾愤怒。他发现是谁写的信,跳上他的马,开始后林肯,并挑战他打一场决斗。林肯不想打架。他反对决斗,但他无法摆脱这场决斗而保住自己的荣誉。他可以选择武器。由于他有很长的武器,他选择了骑兵大刀,从西点军校的毕业生那里学习了剑术;在约定的日子里,他和希尔兹在密西西比河的一个沙洲上相遇,准备战斗至死;但是,在最后一刻,他们的秒中断并停止了决斗。ThatwasthemostluridpersonalincidentinLincoln’slife.Ittaughthimaninvaluablelessonintheartofdealingwithpeople.Neveragaindidhewriteaninsultingletter.Neveragaindidheridiculeanyone.Andfromthattimeon,healmostnevercriticizedanybodyforanything.那是林肯一生中最可怕的个人事件。这给他上了与人打交道的宝贵一课。他再也没有写过侮辱性的信。他再也没有嘲笑过任何人。从那时起,他几乎从不批评任何人。Timeaftertime,duringtheCivilWar,LincolnputanewgeneralattheheadoftheArmyofthePotomac,andeachoneinturn-McClellan,Pope,Burnside,Hooker,Meade-blunderedtragicallyanddroveLincolntopacingthefloorindespair.Halfthenationsavagelycondemnedtheseincompetentgenerals,butLincoln,“withmalicetowardnone,withcharityforall,”heldhispeace.Oneofhisfavoritequotationswas“Judgenot,thatyebenotjudged.”一次又一次,在内战期间,林肯任命了一位新将军为波托马克军队的首领,而每一位将军——麦克莱伦、教皇、伯恩赛德、胡克、米德——都不幸犯错,绝望地驱使林肯在地上踱步。全国有一半的人野蛮地谴责这些无能的将军,但林肯“对任何人都怀有恶意,对所有人都施以仁慈”,保持了沉默。他最喜欢的一句话是“不要审判,不要审判你们。” |
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