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谁都知道写作文句式单调不是好事，但却很少有人能参透到底怎样才能让句子丰富多样。传说中的句式多样化一直高深莫测，让考生们想当郁闷。  如果你的写作单项目标是6.5 或者7 分的话，请把下面这些剑桥范文变化句式的不宣之秘熟练掌握并且积极使用。对于只需要6 分的同学，如果今天还不是很累，也不妨很快地看看以便有个印象。 A 句首状语提前 雅思写作里状语提前是一种相当拿分的句式，遗憾的是很多同学却没有意识到： 所谓状语提前就是把一个由副词、介词、现在分词或动词不定式形成的小短语放在句首。 这种句式最大的好处就是在一堆长句子里突然出现一个短语，让句子产生一种长短结合的节奏感。 剑桥考官范文中的状语提前可以用“海量”一词来形容，请大家认真体会下面的剑桥例句中放在句首的状语所产生的效果： Because it is more likely（更有可能的） now that both parents work, there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home up to that age. Instead, they will probably go to a nursery school（幼儿园，与nursing home 不同） when they are much younger. Unfortunately, professionals from other fields who make a much greater contribution to human society, are paid so much less that it is hard to disagree with the statement. In addition to the financial benefits, some jobs bring intellectual rewards（智力上的回报）.（in addition to…在地道的英式英语中也用apart from…来代替） Oddly enough（奇怪的是，类似也可以写strangely enough）, most people seem to enjoy saying which ones are bad, and then say some are slightly better. The consumption of food and clothing came down after 1980. Similarly, fuel prices fell quite considerably. In terms of（就……而言） technology, their adult world will be changing constantly. Struggling in poverty, people in these countries believe international aid is essential and should be continued.（分词放在句首） B 句中插入短语 同样的道理，在雅思作文中，句子中间也经常可以引入一个小短语，让长句子显得更加灵活，请看下面的例句： This will affect the job market, which, after all, is a key target in any economic plan. Sports stars and pop stars, for example, are soon replaced by the next younger, more energetic generation. C 句尾用短语结束 剑桥范文中有时也会在一句话的结尾安插一个小短语，给过长的句子增添一点“亲和力”。例如： A person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect.（请注意respect 在这里不是“尊敬”的意思，而是指“某方面”，也可以用in this regard 来表达） A sense of fulfillment (成就感） is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to society or the economy as a whole. A child will learn to interact with different people and some children learn to communicate very early because of this. D 善用副词 副词在英语中可以用来修饰形容词、动词甚至全句。由于其用法的高度灵活性，剑桥考官频频用副词来丰富自己的句式。请看下面的实例： It often seems that the amount of money they are able to earn in a short time cannot possibly be justified（站得住脚的） by the amount of work they do. Teachers continually（持续地） complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat（解决） the situation. A product's success cannot be solely（仅仅） attributed to its advertising. Some people may argue that such new technology can help children to develop physically, intellectually, and emotionally. Ideally, all the weapons of mass destruction should be eliminated（消除，消灭）, but in reality, the elimination of such weapons would cause serious national security concerns. 在雅思作文中涉及讨论某问题的解决方案的时候经常会写“从理论上讲……但事实 上……”，对应的地道英文表达有：in theory, /theoretically, /hypothetically.… But in practice,/but in actuality,/but realistically,… E 倒装句 这种语法现象很多同学都学过，但却往往忘记在雅思作文中使用。不过考官们可从来没忘记： Only in this way can this problem be effectively solved. Strange as it may seem, parents' attention sometimes hinders（阻碍） students' academic development. Equally important to success in learning a foreign language is constant attention to details. Be it Clint Eastwood, David Beckham or Gordon Brown, one individual cannot have done all alone what seems to have been achieved by himself.（这里的be it…是一种很特殊的倒装形式，即使是指人也用it，意思是：不管是……，在英式英语中时常可见） F 强调句 用it is … that … 或者it is … Who … 这两种强调句式，类似于中文的“正是……导致……”的意思。请看例句： It is the interaction（相互影响） of the two that shapes a person's personality and dictates how that personality develops. However, it is only those who reach the very top of their profession who can get these huge salaries. (请注意这个例句里的those who 中的这个who 并不是强调句的标志词，后一个who 才是。是不是听起来有点像绕口令，汗…….) G 虚拟语气 使用虚拟语气是比较高的要求，但其实说白了就是用过去的时态表示现在或者将来的事情，表示语气弱化。在雅思作文中提建议的时候，虚拟语气相当常用。 下面都是虚拟语气的应用实例： Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent. If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behavior and character of a person from the moment they were born. (请注意在虚拟语气中，this 和that 后面都用were 而不是was) H 长短句结合 如果一篇文章里全都是超级无敌长难句，将可能会让考官的心情变得十分沉重。长短句结合反而会让阅读你的文章变成一种享受。 请看剑桥范文是如何为我们提供这种“享受”的： There have to be fixed punishments for all crimes. However, criminal laws have to provide certain cases of exemptions(赦免). Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect. Of course, not everyone enjoys their work. Hard economic realities mean that many people have little choice in the kind of job they can get. In some cases, an employee is working in a job that suits neither their skills nor their personality. I 主被动交替 在国外大学里，一些有洁癖的“叫兽”们非常反对在学术文章中使用被动语态。但对 雅思作文这种比较短小的essay 来说，被动语态仍然是实现句式多样化的好方法之一。 请看考官范文中的被动形式例句： Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and loyalty(忠诚)to a team. Such professionals should be much better appreciated and better paid. In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills, but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some natural talent is required. 当然，也要注意不要过度使用被动语态。在雅思作文中被动形式只能是“小菜”，而“大餐”则仍然是主动语态。 J 词性转变 剑桥的范文作为IELTS 范文中的极品，经常会使用同一个单词的不同形式来获得多样的效果。认真发掘后发现剑桥范文中的词性改变方法竟然达到了三种： （1）请认真比较： 变形前： People are concerned(担心) because traditional values are gradually disappearing. 变形后： People are concerned about the gradual disappearance of traditional values. （2）请认真比较： 变形前： Some individuals have no intention of fulfilling their responsibilities as parents. 变形后： Some individuals have no intention of fulfilling their parental responsibilities. 说明： -al 是英文里一个常见的词汇后缀。虽然有少数不是形容词的特性（比如denial 是一个名词，而professional 有时候也可以当成名词来使用），但大多数用-al 结尾的单词都是形容词。下面这几个词也是以-al 结尾的形容词，在雅思作文中相当常用：environmental, governmental, societal (比social 正式，在书面语中很常用)，biological 和technological。 (3)请认真比较： 变形前： Telecommuting(在家远程上班)can bring numerous benefits(n.) to both employees and employers. 变形后1： Both employees and employers can benefit from telecommuting. 变形后2： Telecommuting is beneficial to both employees and employers. 变形后3： Both employees and employers can be beneficiaries（受益者） of telecommuting. 这一组则是在名词、动词、形容词和名词的派生词之间进行的游刃有余的转换。类似的也可以有There is a difference(n.) between…—> be different(adj.) from —>differ(vi.) from 这样的连续转换。 K 通过比较制造变化 剑桥范文中还经常通过比较不同事物来调动一些特殊句型，比如too…to…（太……而不能……）；The + 比较级, the +比较级等。这些句型大家早就学过，但却“不屑”于在雅思写作文中使用，而在这方面，剑桥考官们却是绝对的实用主义者。 请看剑桥实例： For example, the population of some islands is too small to have normal schools. Rather than breaking up families by sending children to the mainland, education authorities（当局）have been able to use the Internet to deliver（输送） schooling. The more relaxed the learners, the better their language acquisition（语言习得）.（这个特殊句式的一大特色是可以省略掉句中的谓语） |
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