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作者简介 郭子华，笔名云生，紫云生，广州市人，大学文化。中华诗词学会会员，安徽省诗词协会会员。曾任中文、英语教师，企业高管。现居加拿大多伦多，供职于多伦多大学Chestnut Residence and Conference Centre。究心文史，勤学敏求，笔耕不辍，在国内外各报刊、论坛和诗词平台发表作品千余首。 奥玛·海亚姆（Omar Khayyam又译：莪默) 是十一世纪波斯著名数学家、医学家、天文学家、哲学家和诗人，被誉为“波斯李白”。著有《鲁拜集》。700多年后，英国诗人爱德华·菲茨杰拉德（Edward FitzGerald）将《鲁拜集》衍译为英文。菲氏对于海亚姆的波斯文原作，进行了大刀阔斧、天马行空般的改造，他将几百首原作重新排列组合，既有忠实于原文的直译，亦有改写性质的“创造性翻译”(transcreation)，更有将原著进行重新排序的合成翻译，将海亚姆那些并不完整统一零散组成的“诗集”抄本，改造成了整体连贯、前后呼应的篇章。菲氏的《鲁拜集》，被公认为英诗翻译的经典。普遍认为，菲氏英译鲁拜的水准远高于原作。 菲氏《鲁拜集》问世以来，全世界各种译本数以百计，版本数量仅次于《圣经》，成为一种奇特的文学现象。在中国，中文译本也多达数十种。其中绝大多数是语体文译本，也有少数绝句译本。绝句中译者，大都喜欢将菲诗的意象或故事，套用中国意思相近的典故演绎出来，语言典雅清丽，读之饶有趣味。本人今次试译，则另辟蹊径，坚持以信为先，把翻译回归到原作本身，力求尽可能多地保留菲译的语言要素，让读者得以尽可能多地窥见原著的语言风貌，避免将之改写成中国背景的旧体诗。 菲译《鲁拜集》现在流行第五版，共收诗101首，是迄今为止最为完整的原文版本。本人就是根据这一版本进行翻译。注：菲指英国诗人和翻译家爱德华·菲茨杰拉德（Edward FitzGerald）。Wake! For the Sun, who scatter\'d into flightThe Stars before him from the Field of Night,Drives Night along with them from Heav\'n, and strikesThe Sultán\'s Turret with a Shaft of Light.Before the phantom of False morning died,Methought a Voice within the Tavern cried,"When all the Temple is prepared within,Why nods the drowsy Worshipper outside?"And, as the Cock crew, those who stood beforeThe Tavern shouted - "Open then the Door!You know how little while we have to stay,And, once departed, may return no more. "Now the New Year reviving old Desires,The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires,Where the white hand of Moses on the BoughPuts out, and Jesus from the Ground suspires.注：伊览（Iram），古波斯名城，现已埋没于阿拉伯沙漠。七环指七环杯，为古波斯王 Jamshyd 所有。“七”表示多，如七天、七星、七海。杯中常盛不死药。Iram indeed is gone with all its RoseAnd Jamshyd\'s Seven-ring\'d Cup where no one knows;But still a Ruby kindles in the Vine,And many a Garden by the Water blows.注：大卫（David），古以色列国王 ，勇力超群并善歌。梵语指Pehlevi，巴列维语，是中古波斯的“英雄梵语”，文学语言。And David\'s Lips are lockt; but in divineHigh-piping Pehlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!Red Wine!" - the Nightingale cries to the RoseThat sallow cheek of hers to\' incarnadine.Come, fill the Cup, and in the Fire of SpringYour Winter-garment of Repentance fling:The Bird of Time has but a little wayTo flutter - and the Bird is on the Wing.Whether at Naishápúr or Babylon,Whether the Cup with sweet or bitter run,The Wine of Life keeps oozing drop by drop,The Leaves of Life keep falling one by one.Each Morn a thousand Roses brings, you say;Yes, but where leaves the Rose of Yesterday?And this first Summer month that brings the RoseShall take Jamshyd and Kaikobád away.Well, let it take them! What have we to doWith Kaikobád the Great, or Kaikhosrú?Let Zál and Rustum bluster as they will,Or Hátim call to Supper - heed not you.With me along the strip of Herbage strownThat just divides the desert from the sown,Where name of Slave and Sultan is forgot-And Peace to Mahmúd on his golden Throne!A Book of Verses underneath the Bough,A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread - and ThouBeside me singing in the Wilderness -Oh, Wilderness were Paradise enow!Some for the Glories of This World; and someSigh for the Prophet\'s Paradise to come;Ah, take the Cash, and let the Credit go.Nor heed the rumble of a distant Drum!Look to the blowing Rose about us - "Lo,Laughing," she says, "into the world I blow,At once the silken tassel of my PurseTear, and its Treasure on the Garden throw."And those who husbanded the Golden Grain,And those who flung it to the Winds like rain,Alike to no such aureate Earth are turn\'dAs, buried once, Men want dug up again.The Worldly Hope men set their Hearts uponTurns Ashes - or it prospers; and anon,Like Snow upon the Desert\'s dusty FaceLighting a little Hour or two - is gone.Think, in this batter\'d CaravanseraiWhose Portals are alternate Night and Day,How Sultan after Sultan with his PompAbode his destined Hour, and went his way.注：乐不禁者指古波斯王Jamshyd。野驴兼指波斯萨珊王朝的巴赫拉姆五世Bahram，他爱好猎杀野驴，有“野驴巴赫拉姆”之称。诗中说他在墓中反被野驴踏着头颅，仍然酒醉未醒。颇具讽意。They say the Lion and the Lizard keepThe courts where Jamshyd gloried and drank deep:And Bahram, that great Hunter--the Wild AssStamps o\'er his Head, but cannot break his Sleep.I sometimes think that never blows so redThe Rose as where some buried Caesar bled;That every Hyacinth the Garden wearsDropt in her Lap from some once lovely Head.And this reviving Herb whose tender GreenFledges the River-Lip on which we lean -Ah, lean upon it lightly; for who knowsFrom what once lovely Lip it springs unseen!Ah, my Belovéd, fill the Cup that clearsTo-day of past Regrets and future Fears -To-morrow? - Why, To-morrow I may beMyself with Yesterday\'s Sev\'n Thousand Years.For some we loved, the loveliest and the bestThat from his Vintage rolling Time hath prest,Have drunk their Cup a Round or two before,And one by one crept silently to Rest.And we, that now make merry in the RoomThey left, and Summer dresses in new Bloom,Ourselves must we beneath the couch of EarthDescend, ourselves to make a couch - for whom?Ah, make the most of what we yet may spend,Before we too into the Dust descend;Dust into Dust, and under Dust, to lie,Sans Wine, sans Song, sans Singer, and - sans End!Alike for those who for To-day prepare,And those that after some To-morrow stare,A Muezzin from the Tower of Darkness cries"Fools! your Reward is neither Here nor There!"Why, all the Saints and Sages who discuss\'dOf the Two Worlds so wisely - they are thrustLike foolish Prophets forth; their words to scornAre scatter\'d, and their Mouths are stopt with Dust.Myself when young did eagerly frequentDoctor and Saint, and heard great ArgumentAbout it and about: but evermoreCame out by the same door where in I went.With them the seed of Wisdom did I sow,And with mine own hand wrought to make it grow;And this was all the Harvest that I reap\'d-"I came like Water, and like Wind I go."Into this Universe, and Why not knowing,Nor Whence, like Water willy-nilly flowing:And out of it, as Wind along the Waste,I know not Whiter willy-nilly blowing.What, without asking, hither hurried Whence?And, without asking, Whither hurried hence!Oh, many a Cup of this forbidden WineMust drown the memory of that insolence!注：古波斯传说认为宇宙最高处是第七重天，称土星天。填星，即土星。Up from Earth\'s Centre through the Seventh GateI rose, and on the Throne of Saturn sate,And many a Knot unravel\'d by the Road;But not the Master-knot of Human Fate.There was the door to which I found no Key;There was the Veil through which I might not see:Some little Talk awhile of Me and TheeThere was - and then no more of Thee and Me.Earth could not answer; nor the Seas that mournIn flowing Purple, of their Lord forlorn;Nor rolling Heaven, with all his Signs reveal\'dAnd hidden by the sleeve of Night and Morn.Then of the Thee in Me who works behindThe Veil, I lifted up my hands to findA Lamp amid the Darkness; and I heard,As from Without - "The Me within Thee blind!"Then to the lip of this poor earthen UrnI lean\'d, the Secret of my Life to learn:And Lip to Lip it murmur\'d - "While you liveDrink! - for once dead you never shall return."I think the Vessel, that with fugitiveArticulation answer\'d, once did live,And drink; and Ah! the passive Lip I kiss\'d,How many Kisses might it take - and give!For I remember stopping by the wayTo watch a Potter thumping his wet Clay:And with its all-obliterated TongueIt murmur\'d - "Gently, Brother, gently, pray!"And has not such a Story from of OldDown Man\'s successive generations roll\'dOf such a clod of saturated EarthCast by the Maker into Human mould?And not a drop that from our Cups we throwFor Earth to drink of, but may steal belowTo quench the fire of Anguish in some EyeThere hidden - far beneath, and long ago.As then the Tulip for her morning supOf Heav\'nly Vintage from the soil looks up,Do you devoutly do the like, till Heav\'nTo Earth invert you - like an empty Cup.Perplext no more with Human or Divine,To-morrow\'s tangle to the winds resign,And lose your fingers in the tresses ofThe Cypress-slender Minister of Wine.And if the Wine you drink, the Lip you press,End in what All begins and ends in - Yes;Think then you are To-day what YesterdayYou were - To-morrow you shall not be less.So when that Angel of the darker DrinkAt last shall find you by the river-brink,And, offering his Cup, invite your SoulForth to your Lips to quaff - you shall not shrink.Why, if the Soul can fling the Dust aside,And naked on the Air of Heaven ride,Were\'t not a Shame - were\'t not a Shame for himIn this clay carcase crippled to abide?\'Tis but a Tent where takes his one day\'s restA Sultan to the realm of Death addrest;The Sultan rises, and the dark FerráshStrikes, and prepares it for another Guest.注：Saki，侍酒者、托盏者，波斯语常喻造化、上帝。本诗译为“酾客”。And fear not lest Existence closing yourAccount, and mine, should know the like no more;The Eternal Sáki from that Bowl has pour\'dMillions of Bubbles like us, and will pour.When You and I behind the Veil are past,Oh, but the long, long while the World shall last,Which of our Coming and Departure heedsAs the Sea\'s self should heed a pebble-cast.A Moment\'s Halt - a momentary tasteOf being from the Well amid the Waste -And Lo! - the phantom Caravan has reach\'dThe Nothing it set out from - Oh, make haste!Would you that spangle of Existence spendAbout the secret - quick about it, Friend!A Hair perhaps divides the False and True -And upon what, prithee, may life depend?A Hair perhaps divides the False and True;Yes; and a single Alif were the Clue -Could you but find it - to the Treasure-house,and peradventure to The Master too;Whose secret Presence, through Creation\'s veinsRunning Quick silver-like eludes your pains;Taking all shapes from Máh to Máhi; andThey change and perish all - but He remains;A moment guess\'d - then back behind the FoldImmerst of Darkness round the Drama roll\'dWhich, for the Pastime of Eternity,He doth Himself contrive, enact, behold.But if in vain, down on the stubborn floorOf Earth, and up to Heav\'n\'s unopening Door,You gaze To-day, while You are You - how thenTo-morrow, when You shall be You no more?Waste not your Hour, nor in the vain pursuitOf This and That endeavour and dispute;Better be jocund with the fruitful GrapeThan sadden after none, or bitter, Fruit.You know, my Friends, with what a brave CarouseI made a Second Marriage in my house;Divorc\'d old barren Reason from my bed,And took the Daughter of the Vine to Spouse.For "Is" and "Is-not" though with Rule and LineAnd "Up-and-down" by Logic I define,Of all that one should care to fathom, IWas never deep in anything but - Wine.注：作者莪默是著名天文学家和数学家，曾重修波斯历法。Ah, but my Computations, People say,Reduc\'d the Year to better reckoning? - Nay,\'Twas only striking from the CalendarUnborn To-morrow, and dead Yesterday.And lately, by the Tavern door agape,Came shining through the Dusk an Angel ShapeBearing a Vessel on his Shoulder; andHe bid me taste of it; and \'twas - the Grape!The Grape that can with Logic absoluteThe Two-and-Seventy jarring Sects confute:The sovereign Alchemist that in a triceLife\'s leaden Metal into Gold transmute;The mighty Mahmúd, Allah-breathing Lord,That all the misbelieving and black HordeOf Fears and Sorrows that infest the SoulScatters before him with his whirlwind Sword.Why, be this Juice the growth of God, who dareBlaspheme the twisted tendril as a Snare?A Blessing, we should use it, should we not?And if a Curse - why, then, Who set it there?I must abjure the Balm of Life, I must,Scar\'d by some After-reckoning ta\'en on trust,Or lured with Hope of some Diviner Drink,To fill the Cup - when crumbled into Dust!Oh threats of Hell and Hopes of Paradise!One thing at least is certain - This Life flies;One thing is certain and the rest is Lies;The Flower that once has blown for ever dies.Strange, is it not? that of the myriads whoBefore us pass\'d the door of Darkness through,Not one returns to tell us of the Road,Which to discover we must travel too.The Revelations of Devout and Learn\'dWho rose before us, and as Prophets burn\'d,Are all but Stories, which, awoke from SleepThey told their comrades, and to Sleep return\'d.I sent my Soul through the Invisible,Some letter of that After-life to spell:And by and by my Soul return\'d to me,And answer\'d "I Myself am Heav\'n and Hell. "Heav\'n but the Vision of fulfill\'d Desire,And Hell the Shadow from a Soul on fire,Cast on the Darkness into which Ourselves,So late emerged from, shall so soon expire.We are no other than a moving rowOf Magic Shadow-shapes that come and goRound with the Sun-illumin\'d Lantern heldIn Midnight by the Master of the Show;But helpless Pieces of the Game He playsUpon this Chequer-board of Nights and Days;Hither and thither moves, and checks, and slays,And one by one back in the Closet lays.The Ball no question makes of Ayes and Noes,But Here or There as strikes the Player goes;And He that toss\'d you down into the Field,He knows about it all - He knows - HE KNOWS!The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ,Moves on: nor all your Piety nor WitShall lure it back to cancel half a Line,Nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it.And that inverted Bowl they call the sky,Whereunder crawling coop\'d we live and die,Lift not your hands to It for help - for ItAs impotently moves as you or I.With Earth\'s first Clay They did the Last Man knead,And there of the Last Harvest sow\'d the Seed:And the first Morning of Creation wroteWhat the Last Dawn of Reckoning shall read.Yesterday this Day\'s Madness did prepare;To-morrow\'s Silence, Triumph, or Despair:Drink! for you know not whence you came, nor why:Drink! for you know not why you go, nor where.I tell you this - When, started from the Goal,Over the flaming shoulders of the FoalOf Heav\'n Parwin and Mushtari they flung,In my predestin\'d Plot of Dust and SoulThe Vine had struck a Fibre: which aboutIf clings my being - let the Dervish flout;Of my Base Metal may be filed a Key,That shall unlock the Door he howls without.And this I know: whether the one True LightKindle to Love, or Wrath-consume me quite,One Flash of It within the Tavern caughtBetter than in the Temple lost outright.What! out of senseless Nothing to provokeA conscious Something to resent the yokeOf unpermitted Pleasure, under painOf Everlasting Penalties, if broke!What! from his helpless Creature be repaidPure Gold for what he lent him dross-allay\'d -Sue for a Debt he never did contract,And cannot answer - Oh the sorry trade!Oh Thou, who didst with Pitfall and with GinBeset the Road I was to wander in,Thou wilt not with Predestin\'d Evil roundEnmesh, and then impute my Fall to Sin!Oh, Thou, who Man of baser Earth didst make,And ev\'n with Paradise devise the Snake:For all the Sin wherewith the Face of ManIs blacken\'d, Man\'s Forgiveness give - and take!As under cover of departing DaySlunk hunger-stricken Ramazán away,Once more within the Potter\'s house aloneI stood, surrounded by the Shapes of Clay.Shapes of all Sorts and Sizes, great and small,That stood along the floor and by the wall;And some loquacious Vessels were; and someListen\'d perhaps, but never talk\'d at all.Said one among them - "Surely not in vainMy substance of the common Earth was ta\'enAnd to this Figure moulded, to be broke,Or trampled back to shapeless Earth again."Then said a Second - "Ne\'er a peevish BoyWould break the Bowl from which he drank in joy;And He that with his hand the Vessel madeWill surely not in after Wrath destroy."After a momentary silence spakeSome Vessel of a more ungainly Make;"They sneer at me for leaning all awry;What! did the hand then of the Potter shake?"注：苏门指苏菲（Sufi），伊斯兰教中的神秘教派，苦行克己，喜作“白马非马”之辩。Whereat some one of the loquacious Lot -I think a Sufi pipkin - waxing hot -"All this of Pot and Potter - Tell me then,Who is the Potter, pray and who the Pot?""Why," said another, "Some there are who tellOf one who threatens he will toss to HellThe luckless Pots he marr\'d in making - Pish!He\'s a Good Fellow, and \'twill all be well. ""Well," murmur\'d one, "Let whoso make or buy,My Clay with long oblivion is gone dry:But, fill me with the old familiar Juice,Methinks I might recover by and by!"So while the Vessels one by one were speaking,The little Moon look\'d in that all were seeking:And then they jogg\'d each other, "Brother! Brother!Now for the Porter\'s shoulder knot a-creaking!"Ah, with the Grape my fading Life provide,And wash the Body whence the Life has died,And lay me, shrouded in the living Leaf,By some not unfrequented Garden-side.That ev\'n my buried Ashes such a SnareOf Vintage shall fling up into the AirAs not a True Believer passing byBut shall be overtaken unaware.Indeed the Idols I have loved so longHave done my credit in this World much wrong:Have drown\'d my Glory in a shallow Cup,And sold my Reputation for a Song.Indeed, indeed, Repentance oft beforeI swore - but was I sober when I swore?And then and then came Spring, and Rose-in-handMy threadbare Penitence a-pieces tore.And much as wine has play\'d the Infidel,And robb\'d me of my Robe of Honour - well,I often wonder what the Vintners buyOne half so precious as the stuff they sell.Yet Ah, that Spring should vanish with the Rose!That Youth\'s sweet-scented Manuscript should close!The Nightingale that in the Branches sang,Ah, whence, and whither flown again, who knows!Would but the desert of the fountain yieldOne glimpse - if dimly, yet indeed, reveal\'d,To which the fainting Traveller might spring,As springs that trampled herbage of the field!Would but some winged Angel ere too lateArrest the yet unfolded Roll of Fate,And make the stern Recorder otherwiseEnregister, or quite obliterate!Ah Love! could you and I with Him conspireTo grasp this sorry Scheme of Things entire,Would not we shatter it to bits - and thenRe-mould it nearer to the Heart\'s Desire!Yon rising Moon that looks for us again -How oft hereafter will she wax and wane;How oft hereafter rising look for usThrough this same Garden - and for one in vain!And when like her, oh Sáki, you shall passAmong the Guests Star-scatter\'d on the Grass,And in your joyous errand reach the spotWhere I made One - turn down an empty Glass!声明 作品由投稿作者提供，著作权归作者所有，赞赏不返还作者，部分图片转自网络，仅为欣赏、交流、分享使用，图片版权归原作者所有，如版权人有异议，请联系编辑删除。 顾问（以接受邀请时间先后为序） 熊东遨 熊盛元 杨逸明 李树喜 钟振振 周啸天 邓世广 张海鸥 周燕婷 星汉 江岚 抱朴书生 方伟 丁欣 段维 林峰（香港） 胡迎建 魏新河 陈仁德 刘能英 南广勋 马建勋 周达 杨子怡 王玉明 凌泽欣 黄友富 法律顾问 李清安 策划（排名不分先后） 南国风笛 罗琦 扈超峰 李军 何其三 李静 韦树定 邢涛涛 韩保汇 小乙 诗教 阿朱 段维 外联（排名不分先后） 吴瑾 静如 左启顺 袁晓宏 陈兴 孙文 曹江宁 非也 编审（以年齿为序） 安全东 崔德煌 半隐庐 抱朴书生 宋善岭 萧雨涵 郎晓梅 崔杏花 唐颢宇 美编 张小红 王婷婷 牛应萍 收稿 小乙 吴巧 牛应萍 木兮 邹志洪 雷彦 赵文涵 执行主编 璐雨诗 
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