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毅力漫游者准备揭开火星的历史

 Wsz6868 2021-05-13

毅力漫游者准备揭开火星的历史

NASA's Perseverance rover took a selfie on Mars with <a href="https://www./2021/04/07/world/mars-perseverance-rover-helicopter-picture-scn-trnd/index.html" target="_blank">the Ingenuity helicopter</a> on Tuesday, April 6. The 4-pound helicopter is sitting about 13 feet away from the rover.(美国有线电视新闻网)在过去的一个月里,毅力漫游者花了很多时间记录机智直升机在火星上的飞行。在这些事件之间,火星车还拍摄了当地的景色,并发现了许多有趣的岩石。 现在,毅力号正准备执行它的主要任务:研究杰泽罗陨石坑,寻找火星上古代生命的迹象。 大约39亿年前,陨石坑被一个由河流三角洲形成的湖泊填满。现在,散布在干燥湖床上的岩石可以帮助科学家重建火星上这个地区的历史,并确定那里是否存在生命。 锁定在岩石中的信息可以揭示更多关于湖泊何时形成和干涸的信息,以及三角洲沉积物开始堆积的时间。创建一个与岩石相对应的时间表将有助于研究人员确定探测器在未来两年收集的岩石样本的日期。这些样本将由未来的任务送回地球,可能包含保存古代生命存在的微体化石。

The Perseverance rover used its  zoomable Mastcam-Z imager to capture this image of "Santa Cruz," a hill about 1.5 miles away on April 29.

4月29日,毅力号探测器使用其可变焦的Mastcam-Z成像仪拍摄了这张“圣克鲁斯”的图像,这是一座大约1.5英里外的小山。 探测器最近拍摄的图像显示,岩石和鹅卵石散落在陨石坑底部,还有一座名为圣克鲁斯的小山,距离探测器约1.5英里(2.4公里)。 Jezero大约28英里(45公里)宽,位于火星赤道以北。该地点距离好奇号在盖尔陨石坑的着陆点2300英里(3700公里)。 罗孚的超级跑车研究岩石

漫游者配备了摄像头和仪器来帮助其岩石调查,包括SuperCam,一种激光仪器,已经扫描了一些岩石以确定它们的化学成分。 确定这个地区的岩石类型是关键。如果它们是沉积的,就像砂岩一样,它们可能是在水周围形成的,可能含有矿物质和沙子、淤泥或粘土,这些物质保存了被称为生物标志的过去生命的迹象。 火成岩是由火山活动形成的,它提供了它们形成的准确图像,就像时间戳一样。

4月29日,毅力号探测器使用其可变焦的Mastcam-Z成像仪拍摄了这张“圣克鲁斯”的图像,这是一座大约1.5英里外的小山。 探测器最近拍摄的图像显示,岩石和鹅卵石散落在陨石坑底部,还有一座名为圣克鲁斯的小山,距离探测器约1.5英里(2.4公里)。 Jezero大约28英里(45公里)宽,位于火星赤道以北。该地点距离好奇号在盖尔陨石坑的着陆点2300英里(3700公里)。

The rover took a closer look at some interesting rocks on the crater floor.

火星车仔细观察了陨石坑底部一些有趣的岩石。 随着时间的推移,这些岩石暴露在风和辐射下,覆盖着一层又一层的沙子和灰尘。在野外,地质学家会敲开岩石来了解更多。 “当你往岩石内部看时,你就能看到故事,”加州理工学院毅力项目科学家肯·法利在一份声明中说

毅力不能把锤子带到它周围的岩石上,但它的机械臂上确实有一种叫做研磨机的工具,可以研磨和平整岩石表面。 探测器上的仪器然后可以窥视岩石内部,以了解更多关于其中包含的化学物质和矿物质。 “你看的石头越多,你知道的就越多,”法利说。 团队知道的越多,他们最终可以用漫游者手臂上的钻头收集到的样本就越好。

用泥岩回答?

毅力号于2月18日在火星着陆,在帮助直升机找到第一个机场的同时,发现了附近丰富的岩石。直升机已经进入了一个新的阶段,在此期间,它将在未来30天内展示自己的能力,飞到新的机场,像侦察员一样行动,而不干扰漫游者的科学操作。 毅力将在接下来的几百个火星日里探索1.24英里(2公里)的Jezero陨石坑底部。漫游者科学小组的成员相信他们会在陨石坑中找到这颗红色星球上一些最古老的物质。 法利说:“这些岩石很可能是泥岩,曾经是湖底的泥浆,这些对我们的研究非常重要,因为我们预计这种环境最适合几十亿年前可能存在于火星上的生物居住,并且有能力在几十亿年后保存生物特征。”  火星车将在该地区收集三四个样本,然后向西北方向驶向古老干燥的河流三角洲。 在开始收集之前,毅力需要进行更多的检查,以准备其采样系统和驱动能力。该小组估计毅力将在7月收集第一个样本,詹妮弗·特罗斯特说,她是JPL毅力漫游者项目副经理。将在8月底前完成飞行操作,这将使火星车团队能够结束他们的科学活动,并为10月中旬火星和地球之间的通信中断做好准备,届时火星和地球位于太阳的相对两侧。

NASA's Perseverance rover took a selfie on Mars with <a href="https://www./2021/04/07/world/mars-perseverance-rover-helicopter-picture-scn-trnd/index.html" target="_blank">the Ingenuity helicopter</a> on Tuesday, April 6. The 4-pound helicopter is sitting about 13 feet away from the rover.

This image shows a debris shield, which protected the Ingenuity helicopter during landing. The helicopter can still be seen attached underneath the rover.

This image of Mars was taken during the Perseverance rover's first drive on March 4.

From its landing site, the rover could see a remnant of a fan-shaped deposit of sediments known as a delta (the raised area of dark brown rock in the middle ground).

This image of Mars' surface was taken using a camera mounted to the bottom of the rover.

This image shows the rover's wheel on the surface of the red planet.

The navigation cameras aboard NASA's Perseverance rover captured this view of the rover's deck on February 20.

This is the first color image released from Perseverance on the Martian surface. Rocks can be seen scattered around the landing site in Jezero Crater.

The rover took this image of its parachute during its descent to Mars.

Members of NASA mission control celebrate after receiving confirmation that the rover successfully touched down on Mars on February 18.

This image, from a camera on Perseverance's "jetpack" during the spacecraft's descent stage, captures the rover in midair just before its wheels touched down. This perspective has never been seen before on previous missions.

President Joe Biden watches coverage of the rover landing from the White House. "Congratulations to NASA and everyone whose hard work made Perseverance's historic landing possible," he said <a href="https://twitter.com/POTUS/status/1362536116197470210?s=20" target="_blank">in a tweet.</a> "Today proved once again that with the power of science and American ingenuity, nothing is beyond the realm of possibility."

Perseverance <a href="https://twitter.com/NASAPersevere/status/1362507436611956736" target="_blank">sent this image back</a> shortly after landing on Mars. The rover will explore Jezero Crater, the site of an ancient lake that existed 3.9 billion years ago, and search for microfossils in the rocks and soil there.

The Empire State Building in New York is illuminated in red on February 16 to mark Perseverance's scheduled landing on the red planet.


A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket, carrying the Perseverance rover, launches from Cape Canaveral, Florida, in July 2020.

Engineers perform tests on the rover inside the Kennedy Space Center in April 2020. The rover was rotated clockwise and counterclockwise on a spin table to determine its center of gravity. Establishing the rover's center of gravity helped ensure the spacecraft would land on Mars as calculated.

This piece of hardware, designed at NASA's Johnson Space Center, will carry the first spacesuit materials to Mars to see how they hold up. It will also carry a piece of a Martian meteorite back to the surface of the planet so scientists can observe how it changes over time.

NASA workers install the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, aka MOXIE, into the chassis of the Perseverance rover in March 2019. This experiment will attempt to convert Martian carbon dioxide into oxygen. This could help NASA scientists learn how to produce not only rocket fuel on Mars, but also oxygen that could be used during future human exploration of the red planet.

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