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China is vaccinating a staggering 20 million people a day 中国每天为两千万人接种疫苗 Scientists are impressed by China’s juggernaut of a vaccination drive, through which it is currently administering nearly 60% of all COVID-19 vaccine doses globally. administer 管理；执行；注射 科学家们对中国疫苗接种工作的执行力度印象深刻，目前中国已经接种了全球近60%的新冠疫苗。 For more than a week, an average of about 20 million people have been vaccinated against COVID-19 every day in China. At this rate, the nation would have fully vaccinated the entire UK population in little more than six days. China now accounts for more than half of the 35 million or so people around the world receiving a COVID-19 shot each day. Or so 左右；上下。 一个多星期以来，中国平均每天约2000万人接种新冠肺炎疫苗。按照这个速度，这个国家将在6天多一点的时间内为整个英国人口完全接种疫苗。在全世界每天接受新冠肺炎疫苗注射的约3500万人中，中国现在占了一半以上。 Zoltán Kis, a chemical engineer in the Future Vaccine Manufacturing Research Hub at Imperial College London, doesn’t know of “anything even close to those production scales” for a vaccine. “The manufacturing efforts required in China to reach this high production throughput are tremendous,” he says. Zoltán Kis是伦敦帝国理工学院未来疫苗制造研究中心的化学工程师。他不知道“有什么东西接近于疫苗的生产规模”。他表示，“为了达到如此高的产量，中国的制造业需要付出巨大努力。” The majority of doses are of one of two vaccines, both of which have been approved for emergency use worldwide by the World Health Organization (WHO). CoronaVac — produced by Beijing-based company Sinovac — showed an efficacy of 51% against symptoms of COVID-19 in clinical trials, and much higher protection against severe disease and death. The second jab was developed in Beijing by state-owned firm Sinopharm and has demonstrated an efficacy of 79% against symptomatic disease and hospitalization. CoronaVac：克尔来福，北京科兴中维生物技术有限公司研发 大部分剂量是两种疫苗的一种。这两种疫苗都被世界卫生组织批准在世界范围内紧急使用。克尔来福由北京科兴中维生物技术有限公司生产，在临床试验中显示出对新冠症状的有效率为51%，对严重疾病和死亡有更高的保护作用。第二种疫苗由国有企业国药集团在北京研发的，对有症状的疾病和住院治疗的有效性为79%。 Supplying vaccines to the world 向世界提供疫苗 China’s current vaccine production rate could potentially make a significant dent in global demand, says Kis; that would be “a huge step in reducing the health-care and economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic”. China has already supplied 350 million doses of the two vaccines to more than 75 nations, and WHO approval should now trigger the further distribution of both vaccines to low-income countries. Kis说，中国目前疫苗生产速度可能会显著降低全球需求；这将是“在降低新冠疫情的医疗保健和经济负担方面迈出的一大步”。中国已经向超过75个国家供应了3.5亿剂这两种疫苗，世卫组织的批准现在会促使这两种疫苗进一步向低收入国家分发。 “China’s vaccination campaign got off to a slow start, but has rapidly picked up pace,” says Rongjun Chen, a biomaterials scientist also at the Future Vaccine Manufacturing Research Hub. As recently as mid-April, China was administering only about five million doses a day. Got off 下车；脱下 未来疫苗制造研究中心的生物材料科学家Rongjun Chen说，“中国的疫苗接种运动起步缓慢，但已迅速加快步伐”。就在最近的4月中旬，中国每天仅能注射500万剂。 According to an official at China’s National Health Commission, the nation aims to produce some three billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines in 2021 — and up to five billion per year after that. 据中国国家卫生委员会一名官员说，国家的目标是2021年生产约30亿剂的新冠疫苗，此后每年生产多达50亿剂。 To achieve such high production rates, many things need to go according to plan across the entire production and distribution chain, from sourcing raw materials to manufacturing active ingredients, filling vials and distributing doses to vaccination centres, says Kis. “It is crucial that everything arrives at the right location at the right time.” It is crucial that 至关重要的是 Kis说，要实现如此高的生产率，许多事情需要在整个生产和分销链按计划进行，从原材料采购到生产活性成分，灌装小瓶，以及向疫苗接种中心分发剂量。“至关重要的是，一切都要在正确的时间到达合正确的地点。” A growing challenge 日益严峻的挑战 China’s production capacity is especially noteworthy given that both CoronaVac and the Sinopharm vaccine are made from inactivated virus. Scientists say that vaccines of this type require more time and effort to produce than do COVID-19 vaccines based on mRNA technology, such as the Pfizer or Moderna shots. To produce killed virus, manufacturers first need to grow it in living cells in large bioreactors, which can take months, explains Kis. 中国生产能力特别值得注意，因为克尔来福和国药疫苗都是灭活病毒制作而成。科学家说，这种疫苗要比基于mRNA技术制作的新冠疫苗（比如辉瑞或莫德纳疫苗）需要更多的时间精力来生产。Kis解释道，要生产灭活病毒，制造商首先要在大型生物反应器的活细胞中培养，这可能需要数月时间。 To achieve its massive gains, China probably leveraged its existing capacity for manufacturing inactivated-virus vaccines against other diseases, including influenza and hepatitis A, says Jin Dong-Yan, a virologist at the University of Hong Kong. 香港大学的病毒学家Jin Dong-Yan说，为了实现巨大收益，中国可能利用现有能力来制造其它疾病的灭活病毒疫苗，包括流感、甲肝。 As of 6 June, China had administered 778 million doses to its population of about 1.4 billion people. At the current rate, it could fully vaccinate its whole population in around three months. 截至6月6号，中国已向约14亿人口接种了7.78亿剂疫苗。按照当前的速度，它可以在大约三个月内为整个人口接种完疫苗。 But it is unlikely to be able to maintain this pace, says Raina Macintyre, an epidemiologist at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. Most people vaccinated so far have been in cities, such as Beijing — where 87% of adults have received at least their first shot — but the job will get harder as the campaign fans out to rural areas and small villages, she says. 但澳大利亚悉尼的新南威尔大学的流行病学家Raina Macinatyre说，保持这种速度不太可能。到目前为止，大多数接种疫苗的人都在城市，比如北京，在这里87%的成人至少接种了第一针疫苗，但是随着活动向农村地区或小村庄扩展，这项工作将变得更加困难。 doi: https:///10.1038/d41586-021-01545-3 “王不留说” 这就叫中国速度！厉害了，我的国！为国家强大的执行力点赞！ Geopolitics and business 地缘政治和商业 | 经济学人精读笔记 “经济学人”话题敏感，为防失联，请加“王不留”微信 王不留(微信: wbliu85)，常读外刊的IT资深打工人 2012-2021年《经济学人》PDF及配套音频下载 点击下方“王不留”，回复：经济学人 多年了， 你可能已不关注“王不留”， 它却一直在更新。 一个每周六提供当日刊《经济学人》的公众号 |
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