小学英语语法详解介词 (2) 表示地点的介词 1) 表示地点(包括动向)的介词 ① at, in, on, to at 表示在小地方: I arrive at school at nine every morning. 我每天早上九点到校。 表示“在……附近,旁边” The Smiths are at the beach. 史密斯一家在沙滩上。 in 表示在大地方: When did you arrive in Beljing? 你什么时候到北京的? 表示“在……范围之内”: The penclis in the pencl-box.铅笔在铅笔盒里。 on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在………上面” Mongolia is on the north of China. 蒙古在中国的北面。 表示在某物体上面并与之接触: He put his watch on the table. 他把手表放桌上。 to 表示“在……范围外”不强调是否接壤:或“到……”: Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。 ②above, over above指“在……上方”,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对: The bird is flying above my head. 鸟儿在我头顶上飞过。 over 指垂直的上方,与under相对,over有覆盖的含义在里面: There is a bridge over the river. 江上有座桥。 ③below, under under表示“在……正下方”: There is a cat under the table. 桌子下面有只猫。 below表示“在……下方”,不一定在正下方: Please write your name below the line. 请在线的下方写上您的名字。 ④in front of, in the front of in front of“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括:其反义词是behind(在……的后面): There are some flowers in front of the house. 房子前面有些花卉。 In the front of“在……的前部,即甲物在乙物的内部,反义词是at the back of.(在……范围内的后部): There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 ⑤beside, behind, near beside表示“在……旁边”: Tom sits beside Ben.汤姆坐在本的旁边。 behind表示“在……后面”: The fountain is behind the hill.喷泉在假山后面。 near表示“在……附近”(范围比较广): Don’t stand near the lake, children. 孩子们,不要站在河边。 Near my home, there is a supermarket.在我家附近有一家超市。 ⑥between, among between(指时间、空间、顺序等)在……之间(两者之间): They planted a lot of trees between the two buldings. 他们在两座建筑物之间栽了许多树。 These books were written between 1736 and 1770. 这些书写于1736年至1770年之间。 (指数量、距离、程度等)介于……之间(两者之间) He is a man between sixty and seventy. 他的年龄约在 60 到70之间。 连接着………;来往于……之间(两者之间): There is a path between the house and the road. 有条小路将房子与出路连接起来。 among (表示位置)处在……中,为……所环绕,为……所环抱: He was sitting among a group of chidren, telling them a story.他正坐在一群孩子中间讲故事。 (表示范围)在……之内,在…一类之中,是……中之一,在……群中: She is the tallest among her classmates. 她在她同学之中是最高的。 between作为介词使用时往往会和and一起出现,如果没有出现,则后面的名词必须为复数形式, 例: ★ The table is between the tree and the bench. 桌子在树和长凳的中间。 ★ The table is between the trees. 桌子在树的中间。 地点(动向)介词往往也会搭配一些动词,以动词词组的方式出现在句中。 ⑦up/ down(含义相反) The car is running up the hill. 汽车正向山上开来。 The car is running down the hill. 汽车正向山下开去。 ⑧on/ of(含义相反) We get on the train at nine and get off the train at five. 我们九点上火车,五点下火车。 ⑨through/ across(含义相近) Go straignt through that door, please.请从那道门直穿过去。 We drove through the tunnel.我们开车穿过了隧道。 You must not run across the road. 你不要跑过马路。 A bridge was laid across the river.一座桥横架河上。 across和through 都有“穿过,通过”的意思。 但 across 往往指的是在物体的表面通过,而 through指的是从物体的中间通过。 ⑩along/by(含义相近) She walked along the path.她沿着小路走去。 I looked along the length of the building.我的视线掠过整幢大楼。 He walked by me without speaking. 他从我身边走过,什么也没说。 My brother goes by the building every day.我哥哥每天经过这幢大楼。 along和 by虽都有“在边上”的意思,但两者在空间上略有不同。along 更强调“沿着”,有一种延伸感;而 by 可以包括附近的地带。 |
|