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【造词理据】源自PIE词根*stere-（拉紧、伸展=spread），象形。S形表类似绳索的东西，引申指绑紧、拉紧，后抽象指紧张、焦虑。 【例句】MM as if deep in thought, led in a short while and suddenly and very strain ofsay: "Ah, if I one day to you also tired, how does that do? " MM若有所思，过了一会儿，忽然很紧张的说：“哎，要是我有一天对你也厌倦了，那怎么办啊？” 【同根词】consternate; consternation; construct; construction;destroy; destruction; industry; instruct; instruction; instrument; obstruct;obstruction; perestroika; prostrate; sternum; sternocleidomastoid; strain(n.2) "race, stock, line;" stratagem; strategy; strath; strato-; stratocracy;stratography; stratosphere; stratum; stratus; straw; stray; street; strew;stroma; structure; substrate; substratum; substructure. 【讨论】structure作为同根词，就否定了str或st是词根，表“站立”的可能。 【造词理据】源自PIE词根*kele-（叫喊），拟声词。模仿航海时为了升帆、拉索而呼喊的声音（以实现同心协力），后引申指拉、拖拽。 【例句】 You have to think how the company will perform in the long haul. 你应该考虑公司的长期的运转。 【同根词】acclaim; acclamation; Aufklarung; calendar;chiaroscuro; claim; Claire; clairvoyance; clairvoyant; clamor; Clara;claret; clarify; clarinet; clarion; clarity; class; clear; cledonism; conciliate;conciliation; council; declaim; declare; disclaim; ecclesiastic; eclair;exclaim; glair; hale (v.); halyard; intercalate; haul; keelhaul; low (v.);nomenclature; paraclete; proclaim; reclaim; reconcile. 【造词理据】源自PIE词根*do-（给=give）。拟声词，模仿哼声示意送出信函，引申指给予、交给，在这里指捐赠或捐赠的物品。 【例句】Ambassador Yang spoke at the donation ceremony held at NALIS. He said he was happy to donate the books to the National Library. 刘彦明参赞在捐赠仪式上说，这是中国使馆第一次向图书馆捐赠图书。 【同根词】 add; anecdote; antidote; betray; condone; dacha; dado;data; date (n.1) "time;" dative; deodand; die (n.); donation; donative; donor;Dorian; Dorothy; dose; dowager; dower; dowry; edition; endow; Eudora;fedora; Isidore; mandate; Pandora; pardon; perdition; Polydorus; render;rent (n.1) "payment for use of property;" sacerdotal; samizdat; surrender;Theodore; Theodosia; tradition; traitor; treason; vend. 【造词理据】源自PIE词根*sker-（弯曲=bend），象形。C为S的同音[s]的通转，S形表弯曲的形状，引申指弯曲、束缚。也指勒马绳。“勒马绳”和“弯曲”有何关系呢？在马前进时，马脖子向前挺直，你要左转，得用绳子将马脖子拽向左边，即向左弯曲；让马停下得往后拽绳，使脖子向后弯曲。路缘也是用条石组成弯曲的限制道路的边沿。 【例句】For local governments building on arable land is often a money-spinner. Central-government efforts to curb this have not worked. 因为地方政府经常通过在耕地上建房来生财，中央政府限制占用耕地的努力并未奏效。 【同根词】bias; carnage; carnal; carnation; carnival; carnivorous;carrion; cenacle; charcuterie; charnel; corium; cortex; crone; cuirass;currier; curt; decorticate; excoriate; incarnadine; incarnate; incarnation;kirtle; scabbard; scar (n.2) "bare and broken rocky face of a cliff or mountain;"scaramouche; scarf (n.2) "connecting joint;" scarp; score; scrabble; scrap (n.1) "small piece;" scrape; screen; screw; scrimmage; scrofula; scrub (n.1) "low, stunted tree;" scurf; shard; share (n.1) "portion;" share (n.2) "iron blade of a plow;"sharp; shear; shears; sheer (adj.) "absolute, utter;" shirt; shore (n.) "land bordering a large body of water;" short; shrub; skerry; skirmish; skirt. 【讨论】这些同根词，否定了sharp中S表牙齿、screen中S表牙齿，引申指分开等的解释。 ------------------------------------ 单词成就英语，英语照见未来
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