高中英语常用方位介词和短语

家有学子 2021-10-23

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1、概念引入

本单元学习介词＋定冠词the＋名词构成介词短语的用法，介词后面可以跟名词和代词做宾语，构成介词短语。今天我们主要学习一下用来表示方位的介词和介词短语。

2、用法讲解

1. on

介词on表示“在某物之上”的意思，它通常表示一个物体在另一个物体之表面上面。两者之间有接触。例如：

Your book is on the desk. 你的书在课桌上面。

There is a ball on the floor. 地板上有个球。

拓展：above 和 over的区别

on指的有接触面的上面，但是over和above都是没有接触面的上面。

over“在……正上方”，与under相对。例如：

There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。

The picture is hanging over the blackboard.

那张图挂在黑板的正上方。

above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”，不一定是正上方，与below相对。例如：

A plane flew above our heads. 一架飞机从我们头上飞过。

The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。

2. in

介词in表示“在某物的里面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的内部、中间或者在某个范围之内。例如：

Your pen is in the pencil case. 你的钢笔在铅笔盒里面。

She is the tallest in her class. 她是她们班最高的。

3. under

介词under表示“在某物的下面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的垂直正下面，两者之间没有接触。例如：

My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树的下面。

The shoes are under the chair. 鞋在椅子的下面。

拓展：under和below 的区别

under表示“在……之下”，通常表示位置处于正下方，与介词over“在……上方”相对应。例如：

There is a book under the table. 桌子下面有一本书。　

A cat is sitting under the table.一只猫在桌子下面。

below表示“在……之下”，“在……的下游”，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下，但不一定在该物的正下方。例如：He is below the average at school.

他的学习成绩在水准以下。

He looked down at the hall below.

他瞧了瞧下面的大厅。

4. behind

介词behind表示“在某物的后面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的后面。例如：

Your brother is behind the tree. 你的弟弟在树的后面。

She is standing behind her mother. 她站在她妈妈的后面。

5. next to

next to是由形容词next和介词to构成的介词短语表示“紧挨着、在某物的旁边”的意思。例如：

The table is next to the wall. 桌子紧挨着墙。

6. between

介词between表示某个物体、某人位于两者之间，通常表示一个人、物处于另外两个人、物之间。例如：

Your desk is between the door and the window.

你的课桌位于门和窗户之间。

Lily sits between Mary and Ann.

丽丽坐在玛丽和安中间。

拓展：between和among的区别

between指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上的人或物之间。

例如：The teacher is among the students.老师在学生们中间。

7. outside

outside指“在……外面”例如：

There are many people outside the room. 房间外有很多人。

What did you see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么？

8．near

near在……附近，与far相对。例如：

A hospital was built near the railway station.

在火车站附近建了一所医院。

My home is near the school. 我的家离学校很近。

9．in front of, in the front of

in front of在……前面 , in the front of表示“在……前部”，指里面。例如：

A river flows in front of the house.

房子前有一条河。

There is a boy in the front of the car.

车的前座坐着一个小男孩。

10. around

around在……周围，围绕。例如：

There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。

There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。

11. at

“at”意为“在……”，可以用在地点前也可以用在时间前。例如：

Let’s meet at the school gate. 我们在学校门口见面吧。

I get up at seven o’clock. 我七点起床。

巩固练习

Ⅰ. 把下列词组翻译成英语。

1. 在沙发上_____________

2. 在桌子底下____________

3.在你的背包里____________

4. 在抽屉里___________

5. 在教室（外部）前面__________

Ⅱ. 单项选则。

1. Your computer is ______ to the door.

A. behind B. on C. in D. next

2 The map is ____ the wall ____ our classroom.

A. on; on B. of; on C. on; at D. on; of

3 Look! The window is _____ the wall and the picture is _____ the wall.

A. on; on B. in; in C. in; on D. on; in

4 －Where is my ball? I can’t see it. Look! It’s _____ the door.

A. on B. in C. at D. behind

5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile ______ her face.

A. on B. to C. in D. at

6. My father is ill (生病), He is ______.

A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed

7. There is a map ofChina______ the wall in the classroom.

A. in B. on C. under D. at

8. There are three windows ______ the wall.

A．in B. on C. at D. to

9. There are many oranges ______ the tree. A bird ______ the tree is eating an orange.

A. in; on B. on; on C. in; in D. on; in

10. －What time do you usually go to bed?

－I usually go to bed ______ 11:00.

A. in B. on C. at D. for

11. We can see ______ old bike ______ the tree.

A. a; under B. the; at C. an; in D. an; under

12. My hats and coats are ______.

A. on the bed

B. under desk

C. in room

D. under the my bed

13. He put up a map ______ the back wall because there was a hole ______ it.
A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at

14. Don't read ____ the sun.

A. at B. under C. with D. in

15. The boat is passing___ the bridge.
A. through B. below C. under D. across

【真题链接】

1. —My green ring is in the room. What about yours?

—_________.

A. It’s red

B. It’s on the table

C. It’s Alice’s

2. There are 30 classrooms _______ our school. Mine is ________ the second floor.

A. on; in B. in; in C. in; on D. on; on

3. I have a friend and my friend is ________ China.

A. in B. at C. on D. under

III. 用适当的介词填空。

1. A boy is ____ the tree.

2. Can you pick(摘) the apples _____ the tree?

3. There is a picture _____ the wall.

4. There are two windows _____ the wall.

5. I live _____ Shanghai.

Ⅳ. 阅读短文回答问题。

Tom’s room

It’s small but nice. A computer and some CDs are on the desk. His backpack is on the wall. The ID card is on his bed. The shoes are under the bed. A baseball is on the floor.

Sally’s room

It’s very nice. The new pictures are on the wall. Her desk is near the window. Some flowers are on the desk. Where is her schoolbag? Oh, it’s on the chair. We can’t see a hat on the bed, but we can see Mimi, her cat.

The twins’ room

It’s big and nice. Two pencil cases are on the desk. Many books are on the bookcase. It’s a big bed near the bookcase. One backpack is on the floor, and the other is on the chair. The jackets are behind the door. A picture of their father and mother is on the wall.

1. Tom’s ID card is _______ his bed, and his shoes are _______ the bed.

2. Sally’s cat is ________ her bed. Her schoolbag is _______ the chair.

3. The bookcase is ________ the twins’ room. The big bed is _______ the door.

4. Two pencil cases are ________ the chair in the twins’ room.

5. A picture of the twins’ parents is_______ the wall.

参考答案

Ⅰ. 把下列词组翻译成英语。

1. on the sofa 2. under the table

3. in your backpack 4. in the drawer

5. in front of the classroom

Ⅱ. 单项选择。

1. D。本句子是考查介词的用法，但是，介词behind，on，in的后面用冠词the和名词、冠词、介词短语，不和to连用，所以本句子是用形容词next和to连用表示“紧挨着、在旁边”的意思。