前言我们每一个的selenium测试都应该在指定的环境下运行，这个环境可以是web浏览器、移动设备、移动模拟器等等。 那怎么来指定我们的selenium测试脚本运行环境呢？ 本次分享主要解决这个问题！！！ 在python版本的webdrive中，DesiredCapabilities类为我们提供了解决方案，通过这个类，我们能够配置webdriver在指定的环境执行我们的测试脚本。 我们先看一张实际测试过程中会应用到的结构图，基于selenium grid进行分布式测试： 
在上图中，我们可以使用windows下ie、firefox或linux下ie、firefox进行测试，甚至可以设置使用andriod或ios设备下浏览器进行测试。 那怎么来进行设置呢？ 我们先看一下DesiredCapabilities的源码 源码分析DesiredCapabilities类代码在C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\desired_capabilities.py。 注：笔者的python安装在C盘下。 class DesiredCapabilities(object):
""" Set of default supported desired capabilities.
Use this as a starting point for creating a desired capabilities
object for requesting remote webdrivers for
connecting to selenium server or selenium grid.
Usage Example:: from selenium import webdriver
selenium_grid_url = "http://198.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub"
# Create a desired capabilities object as a starting point.
capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX.copy()
capabilities['platform'] = "WINDOWS"
capabilities['version'] = "10"
# Instantiate an instance of Remote WebDriver with the desired capabilities.
driver = webdriver.Remote(desired_capabilities=capabilities,
command_executor=selenium_grid_url)
Note: Always use '.copy()' on the DesiredCapabilities object to avoid the side
effects of altering the Global class instance. """
FIREFOX = {
"browserName": "firefox",
"version": "",
"platform": "ANY",
"javascriptEnabled": True,
"marionette": True,
}
INTERNETEXPLORER = {
"browserName": "internet explorer",
"version": "",
"platform": "WINDOWS",
"javascriptEnabled": True,
}
EDGE = {
"browserName": "MicrosoftEdge",
"version": "",
"platform": "WINDOWS"
}
CHROME = {
"browserName": "chrome",
"version": "",
"platform": "ANY",
"javascriptEnabled": True,
}
OPERA = {
"browserName": "opera",
"version": "",
"platform": "ANY",
"javascriptEnabled": True,
}
SAFARI = {
"browserName": "safari",
"version": "",
"platform": "MAC",
"javascriptEnabled": True,
}
HTMLUNIT = {
"browserName": "htmlunit",
"version": "",
"platform": "ANY",
}
HTMLUNITWITHJS = {
"browserName": "htmlunit",
"version": "firefox",
"platform": "ANY",
"javascriptEnabled": True,
}
IPHONE = {
"browserName": "iPhone",
"version": "",
"platform": "MAC",
"javascriptEnabled": True,
}
IPAD = {
"browserName": "iPad",
"version": "",
"platform": "MAC",
"javascriptEnabled": True,
}
ANDROID = {
"browserName": "android",
"version": "",
"platform": "ANDROID",
"javascriptEnabled": True,
}
PHANTOMJS = {
"browserName": "phantomjs",
"version": "",
"platform": "ANY",
"javascriptEnabled": True,
}翻译下： Set of default supported desired capabilities.
desired capabilities默认支持的设置。
Use this as a starting point for creating a desired capabilities object
forrequesting remote webdrivers for connecting to selenium server
or selenium grid.
使用该类为selenium server或selenium grid启动一个desired capabilities配置对配置项进行解释 FIREFOX = { "browserName": "firefox", # 浏览器名称
"version": "", # 操作系统版本
"platform": "ANY", # 平台，这里可以是windows、linux、andriod等等
"javascriptEnabled": True, # 是否启用js
"marionette": True, # 这个值没找对应的说明^_^ 不解释了}DesiredCapabilities示例from selenium import webdriver
# 本地启动selenium grid
selenium_grid_url = "http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub"
# 创建一个DesiredCapabilities实例
capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX.copy()
capabilities['platform'] = "WINDOWS" # 指定操作系统
capabilities['version'] = "10" # 指定操作系统版本
# 连接到远程服务进行自动化测试
driver = webdriver.Remote(desired_capabilities=capabilities,
command_executor=selenium_grid_url)总结这里的本质就是
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