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34、24节气 24节气(24 solar terms)是统称，包括 12节气（12 major solar terms)和 12中气 (12 minor solar terms),它们彼此之间相互关联。24节气反映了天气变化，指导农 业耕作，也影响着人们的生活。春秋战国时期，人们开始使用节气作为补充历法 (calendar)。公元前104年，24节气最终确立。众所周知，中国是个有着悠久农业发展史的国家。农业生产受自然规律影响极大。在古代，农民根据太阳的运动安排 农业生产活动。24节气考虑到了太阳的位置，这就是我们重视它的原因。 参考译文： The 24 solar terms are the whole name of the system that consists of 12 major solar terms and 12 minor solar terms linked with each other. It reflects climate change, guides agriculture arrangements, and also affects people's life. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people began to use solar terms as the supplementary calendar. It was in 104 B, C. that the 24 solar terms were finally set down. As we all know, China is a country with a long history of agriculture. Agricultural production is largely influenced by the laws of nature. In ancient times, farmers arranged their agricultural activities according to the move of : the sun. It is the fact that the 24 solar terms take into account the position of the sun that makes us attach importance to it. 35、庙会 庙会(temple fair)是中国的一种传统民俗活动。有传说认为，庙会源于古人祭祀土地神(village god),后来渐渐演变成商品交易市场和文化表演场所。庙会通常在庙里或寺庙附近的露天场地举行，时间常在节日或特定的日子。有些庙会只在春节举行。尽管不同地区的庙会时间不同，但是内容相似。农民和商人出售自己的农产品、玉器、花鸟鱼虫等；工匠摆摊展示并出售手工艺品;民间艺术家搭建舞台表演歌舞;普通民众来庙会购买商品、观看表演以及品尝特色小吃。 参考译文： The temple fair is a traditional folk activity in China. Legend has it that it originated in ancient times when people offered sacrifices to the village god, which later gradually evolved into a marketplace for people to exchange products and a place for a cultural performance. The temple fairs, usually on the open ground or near a temple, are held on festivals or specified days. Some are held only during the spring festival. Although different places hold their temple fairs on various dates, the contents are similar. Farmers and merchants sell their farm produce, jade articles, flowers, birds and fish, etc.; craftsmen set up their stalls to show and sell their handicrafts; folk artists establish a stage for singing and dancing; ordinary people come to the temple fair to buy goods, watch the performances and eat special snacks.
36、小年 小年(the Little New Year)比农历新年早一个星期，也称祭灶节(the Kitchen God Festival )。灶神监察家家户户的道德品质。春节最特别的传统，就是小年时 烧一张灶神(Kitchen God)像，送灶神的灵魂上天汇报这个家庭过去一年中的作为。之后，人们在火炉旁张贴新的灶神像，迎接灶神归来。接下来一年，灶神会监督并保护这家人。由于灶神和农历新年有密切联系，使得灶神节被称为小年。现在尽管在小年这天祭祀灶神的家庭少了,但是很多传统节日活动仍然很流行。 参考译文： The Little New Year, which falls about a week before the Lunar New Year, is also known as the Kitchen God Festival. the kitchen God oversees the moral trait of each household. As one of the most distinctive traditions of the Spring Festival, a paper image of the Kitchen God is burned on Little New Year, dispatching the god's spirit to Heaven to report on the family's conduct over the past year. The Kitchen God is then welcomed back by pasting a new paper image of him beside the stove. Then the Kitchen God will oversee and protect the household in the following year. The close association of the Kitchen God with the Lunar New Year has resulted in the Kitchen God Festival being called the Little New Year. Although very few families still make sacrifices to the Kitchen God on this day, many traditional festival activities are still very popular. 37、泼水节 泼水节(the Water-Splashing Festival)是傣族(the Dai minority)最隆重的传统节日。泼水节一般于公历四月中旬开始，持续3-7天。在傣族的历法中，泼水节就是新年。在云南省众多的少数民族节日中，泼水节影响力最大、参与人数最多。泼水节这一天，傣族人盛装打扮，带着清水到佛寺。他们首先为大佛(Buddha)沐浴，接着开始互相泼水，以此带来好运、快乐和健康。你被泼的水越多，你得到的幸运将越多，你的生活将越幸福。傣族人也邀请其他少数民族和游客共同庆祝泼水节。 参考译文： The Water-Splashing Festival is the most ceremonious traditional festival of the Dai minority. It usually begins in mid-April of the solar calendar, lasting three to seven days. The Water-Splashing Festival is the New Year on the Dai calendar, and also a festival with the largest influence and maximum participating population among lots of minority festivals in Yunnan Province. During this festival, Dai People will get dressed up and carry clean water to the Buddhist temple. They will first take a shower for the Buddha and then begin to splash water with each other for bringing good luck, joy, and health. The more water you are splashed, the more luck you will have, and the happier you will be. Dai People will also invite people from other ethnic minorities and tourists to celebrate the festival together. 38、中国结 中国结(Chinese knotting)是中国典型的本土艺术。它的特点是每一个结都是由—根绳索编成的，并由其特定的外形和意义来命名。中国结的传统源远流长。在古代，由于没有现在的配件，如纽扣或拉链，人们不得不把服装带打结，来绑住他们的衣服。多年来，中国结从原来拥有实际用途演变成一种优雅的、丰富多彩的工艺品。今天，人们喜欢中国结，是因为其形式特别、色彩多变并且意义深厚。 参考译文： Chinese knotting is a typical local art of China. Its characteristic is that every knot is made with a single rope and named by its specific form and meaning. The tradition of Chinese knotting enjoys a long history. Without present-day accessories such as buttons or zips, ancient people had to knot the clothing belt so as to tie their dresses. Over the years, Chinese knot has now evolved to a kind of elegant and colorful artware from owning practical use. Today, people are fond of Chinese knot for its characteristic form, colorfulness and profound meaning. 39、汉字 汉字(Chinese characters)是世界上最古老的文字之一，也是使用者最多的文字。汉字多达6万个，但常用的基本汉字只有6000个左右。据权威专家估计，汉字有5000多年的历史，最初源于记录事情的图片。从古至今，从甲骨文(Jiaguwen) 到我们今天书写用的楷体（Kaiti)，汉字的形式和结构发生了很大改变。历史上， 汉字被朝鲜、日本、越南等国借鉴，因此也促进了国际交流。在现代，中国人民用各种方法将汉字输人电脑，进行信息处理。事实证明，汉字充满了生机与活力。 参考译文： The Chinese characters are one of the oldest characters in the world and are used by most users. Chinese characters are up to 60,000, but only about 6,000 basic ones are often used. Authorities estimate, Chinese characters have a history of over 5,000 years, and they originate from pictures for keeping records. From ancient to modern times, the forms and structures of Chinese characters have changed much, evolving from Jiaguwen (oracle bone script), to Kaiti(regular script) we use now. In history, Chinese characters were borrowed by Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, thereby improving international communication. In modern times, Chinese people have by many means solved the problem of inputting Chinese characters into computers to serve information processing. It has been borne out that Chinese characters are full of vigor and vitality. 40、元宵节 元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，又称上元节，于每年农历(lunar calendar)正月十五庆祝。元宵节之夜也是农历年第一个满月之夜，象征着春的回归，它被视为家庭团聚佳期。根据中国习俗，元宵节之夜，人们点亮精致的灯笼，外出赏月、放烟花、猜灯谜、吃元宵，庆贺佳节。有些地区甚至举行民俗表演，如耍龙灯、舞狮、踩高跷(stilt walking)等。元宵节是中国重要的传统节日，已有2000多年的历史，今天，在国内外，这个节日仍十分受欢迎。这一天，有中国人的地方都将举行一些繁忙的庆祝活动。 参考译文： The Lantern Festival, also known as Shangyuan Festival, is celebrated on January 15th on the Chinese lunar calendar. It is the first full moon night in Chinese lunar year, symbolizing the coming back of the spring. The Lantern Festival is deemed as a good day for family get-together. According to the custom of China, people on that night will carry nice lanterns and go out to appreciate the moon, light fireworks, guess lantern riddles, and eat sweet dumplings to celebrate the festival. Some places even have folk performances such as playing dragon lanterns, lion dance and stilt walking. The Lantern Festival, an important traditional Chinese festival which has been in existence for over 2,000 years, is still very popular in China, even overseas. And any place in which Chinese people live will experience busy activities on that day.
41、宫保鸡丁 宫保鸡丁（Kung Pao Chicken)由鸡丁、花生和红辣椒做成，是著名的传统川菜。这道菜以晚清时期的官员丁宝桢的名字命名。据说，丁宝桢很喜欢吃，尤其是 “爆炒鸡丁”。丁宝桢在四川做巡抚(governor)时，他常常以爆炒鸡丁宴请宾客。为了迎合四川宾客的口味，丁宝桢改良了他最爱的“爆炒鸡丁”，加入了红辣椒。结果， 辣的鸡丁比以前更美味。丁宝桢后来被授予“太子少保(Palace Guardian)”的官衔， 也就是“宫保”。为了纪念丁宝桢，人们把他最爱的这道菜命名为“宫保鸡丁”。 参考译文： Kung Pao Chicken, made with diced chicken, peanuts and chili pepper, is a famous traditional Sichuan dish. It was named after Ding Baozhen, a court official in the late Qing Dynasty. It is said that Mr.Ding was fond of food, especially “stir-fried diced chicken”. While he was governor in Sichuan Province, he often entertained his guests with this dish. In order to cater to his Sichuan guests' taste, Ding improved his favorite “stir-fried diced chicken” by putting chili pepper into the ingredients. As a result, the dish with its spicy flavor was more delicious than ever. Since Ding was later granted the title “Palace Guardian”，also called Kung Pao, people named his favorite dish “Kung Pao Chicken” in order to commemorate him. 42、年糕 过年吃年糕(New Year cake)是中国人的风俗之一，年糕是过年必备的食品。年糕在我国已有2000多年的历史了，至今仍受人们的喜爱。它是用米粉 (rice flour)蒸制而成的食品。年糕分南式、北式两种。南式以广东、苏州年糕为最好，其香味纯正，口感细腻，不软不硬。煮时不融，煎时不化。深受人们喜爱。炒年糕是年糕的特色吃法。它有很多种做法，不同的做法用到不同的原料，每一种都美味可口，营养丰富。 参考译文： It is one of Chinese customs to eat New Year's cake during the Spring Festival. New Year cake is an essential food prepared for the Chinese New Year. It has a history of over 2,000 years in China and is still popular nowadays. It is steamed food made of rice flour. There are two kinds of New Year cake: the southern style and the northern style. Those made in Guangdong and Suzhou provinces are the best among southern style New Year cakes，because they are pure in fragrance, delicate in taste, and neither hard nor soft. They do not melt when cooked and fried, so they are warmly welcomed by people. Fried New Year cake is a unique method of eating new Year cakes. It can be cooked in many ways，and different methods require different ingredients, each of which is delicious and nutritious. 43、刺绣 刺绣(embroidery)是中国艺术中一颗璀燦的明珠。从华丽的龙袍到今日的时装，刺绣为我们的文化和生活增添了许多乐趣。中国记载的最古老的刺绣可追溯至商朝。在当时，刺绣象征着社会地位。随着国民经济的发展，刺绣走进普通人的生活。对于足不出户的女子来说，刺绣是一种优雅的工作。想象一下，一位美丽的年轻女子在家刺绣:一针一线，她为爱人绣一对鸳鸯(mandarin duck)。寒冷的冬日，屋子里充满香气。多么美丽动人的画面啊！ 参考译文： Embroidery is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art. From the magnificent dragon robes worn by emperors to today's fashions, embroidery adds a great deal of pleasure to our culture and life. The oldest embroidery on record in China dates from the Shang Dynasty. Embroidery in this period symbolized social status. As the national economy developed, embroidery entered the life of the common people. Embroidery was an elegant task for ladies who were forbidden to go out of their homes. Imagine a beautiful young lady embroidering at home: stitch by stitch, she embroiders a pair of mandarin ducks for her lover. It is a cold winter day and the room is filled with a sweet smell. What a touching and beautiful picture! 44、中国红 当我们提到“过年”的时候，你脑子里首先想到的是什么？有红灯笼、红对联(couplets)、红爆竹和红色的中国结。的确，红色对于中国人是不可或缺的一种颜色。中国红意味着平安、喜庆、和谐、团圆，意味着事事顺利、祛病除灾。有人这么形容中国红:中国红吸纳了朝阳最富生命力的元素，采撷了晚霞最绚丽迷人的光芒，凝聚着血液最浓稠活跃的成分，融人了相思豆(jequirity)最细腻的情感，浸染了枫叶最成熟的晚秋意象。 参考译文： When we talk about “Chinese New Year' what occurs to your mind first? They are red lanterns, red couplets, red firecrackers and red Chinese knots. Indeed, red is an indispensable color for Chinese people. Chinese red means peace, joy, harmony，and reunion; it also means everything goes well and it can drive away illness and disaster. Someone describes Chinese red in this way: Chinese red absorbs the most dynamic element of the rising sun; it picks the most beautiful and charming light of sunset glow; it embodies the thickest and most active ingredient of blood; it contains the most delicate emotions of jequirity; and it shapes the most: mature imagery of maple leaves in late autumn. 45、面条 面条并不是中国饮食的专利。在面条发明者的问题上，中国人和意大利人相争了多年。其实面条是世界性的大众食品，许多民族都有独特的制作方法，仅是中国面条的做法就有成百上千种。面条在中国历史悠久，分布甚广。面条制作简单，并可根据个人的口味和地方习惯，加入不同佐料(condiments)制成咸面、甜面、辣面以及牛奶、鸡蛋、番茄等多种面条，并可采用煮、蒸、炒、拌等多种烹调方法，因此很受消费者欢迎。 参考译文： Noodles are not exclusive to Chinese diet. For years, there has been a heated debate on the inventor of noodles between Chinese and Italian people. In fact, noodles are popular food around the world. There are unique methods of making noodles in many countries. Just China, there are hundreds of methods. Noodles have a long history in China and are distributed widely. They are easy to make and by adding different condiments, they can be made into salty noodles, sweet noodles, spicy noodles and noodles with milk, eggs, tomatoes, and so on, according to individual flavor and local customs. Besides, noodles can be cooked by boiling, steaming, frying，stirring and mixing, so they are warmly welcomed by customers.
46、四大发明 中国古代四大发明(the Four Great Inventions)—造纸术、火药、印刷术、指南针对全世界产生了巨大而深远的影响。纸张的发明大大促进了文明的传播与发展。火药的发明非常偶然，炼丹师(alchemist)在制作长生不老药(elixir)的时候偶然制成了火药。唐代末期，火药被用于战争，13世纪时传到了全世界。在唐代印刷术的基础上，北宋毕昇发明了活字印刷术(movable-type printing),开启了印刷史上的伟大革命。中国古人利用天然磁石制成了第一台可以辨别方向的指南针，大大增强了船只的远航能力。 参考译文： Papermaking, gunpowder, printing and compass are the Four Great Inventions of ancient China that have exerted a great and far-reaching impact on the entire world. The invention of paper greatly contributed to the spread and development of civilization. The birth of gunpowder was quite accidental. It was invented inadvertently by alchemists while attempting to make an elixir. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was used in military affairs and was spread to all over the world in the 13thcentury. On the basis of printing in the Tang Dynasty, BiSheng in the Northern Song Dynasty invented the movable-type printing, which launched a great revolution in the history of printing. Natural magnets were made into the first direction-finding compass by ancient Chinese people, which greatly improved a ship's ability to navigate over long distances. 47、丝绸 一想到中国，人们脑海中闪现的第一件事便是丝绸。中国是丝绸的发源地，今天仍在生产一些世界上最好的丝绸。在中国，探索丝绸奥妙最好的地方是苏州。正是在那里，诞生了第一批丝绣(silk embroidery)，如今苏州仍在生产中国最好的丝绸。丝绸可以用合成纤维(synthetic fibre)和人造纤维等制成，但最优质的丝绸是由桑蚕丝(mulberry silk)制成的。桑蚕(silkworm)纯粹以桑叶喂食。苏州丝绸可以制成很多产品，最常见的是衣服和围巾，但也能做成鞋、餐巾、玩具，甚至风筝。 参考译文： When people think of China, silk is the first thing that pops into their minds. China is the birthplace of silk, and still produces some of the finest silk in the world. In China, the best place to discover the wonder of silk is the city of Suzhou. It was there that some of the first silk embroideries were born, and Suzhou is still producing the best silks in China. Silk can be produced from synthetic fiber and artificial fiber, etc. but the finest quality silk is made from mulberry silk. The silkworms are fed purely on mulberry leaves. Suzhou Silk can be made into a great many products, the most common being clothing and scarves, and it can be made into shoes, napkins, toys, and even kites as well. 48、兵马俑 兵马俑(terra-cotta warriors and horses)即制成兵马形状的殉葬品(sacrificial objects)。兵马俑坑是秦始皇陵的陪葬坑(pit)，其面积有50多个篮球场那么大。一个有趣的发现是:几乎我们每个中国人的容貌都能在古老的兵马俑中找到“模子”。有人曾这样描述兵马俑，“世界上有七大奇迹，兵马俑的发现可以说是第八大奇迹。不看兵马俑，不能算来过中国。”秦始皇兵马俑博物馆是中国最大的古代军事博物馆。秦始皇兵马俑是世界考古史上最伟大的发现之一。 参考译文： The terra-cotta warriors and horses are sacrificial objects in the shape of soldiers and horses. The pit of terra-cotta warriors and horses is the one buried with the First Emperor of Qin,the size of which is equal to 50 basketball courts. It is interesting that almost every Chinese person can find for his/her face a corresponding “mould” in the terra-cotta warriors and horses. Someone once described the terra-cotta warriors and horses in this way, “There have already been seven wonders in the world, and the terra-cotta warriors and horses can be as the eighth. You can never say you have been to China without visiting the cotta warriors and horses. The Museum of Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses of Emperor Qin ShiHuang is the largest ancient military museum in China.The terra-cotta warriors and horses count as one of the greatest discoveries in the world archaeological history. 49、秦朝 秦朝是中国历史上第一个统一的、多民族的、中央集权的、封建王朝(feudal dynasty)。尽管秦朝只持续了15年，但是它在中国历史上扮演着重要角色，对后续朝代产生了重大影响。为了巩固国家统一，维持秦朝永传万代，秦始皇在政治、经济、军事和文化上进行了很多改革。政治上，他宣布自己就是这个国家的皇帝，手握重权。经济上，他统一了度量衡(weights and measures)和货币。另外，他还统一了文字以及车轮之间的距离。世界奇迹—万里长城也是他命令建造的。 参考译文： The Qin Dynasty was the first unitary, multi-national and power-centralized, feudal dynasty in Chinese history. Although lasting only for 15 years, it played an important role in Chinese history and exerted a great influence on the following dynasties. To strengthen the unity of the nation and to perpetuate the Qin Dynasty, Empery or Qin Shi Huang carried out many reforms in politics, economy, military affairs and culture. In politics, he declared himself the emperor of the stale in possession of all major powers. In the economy, he standardized weights and measures as well as money. In Addition, he standardized the written characters and the distance between two wheels. The miracle of the world, the Great Wall of China was also built under his order. 温馨提示：历年四六级真题、翻译押题、作文模板电子版整理在公众号：英语主播皮卡丘，自行前往下载！ |
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