感谢 @杰特 的指正。 They’ve also identified less useful genes they believe can be bred out of the crop. be bred out of 表示“ 从……培育过程中清除”。the crop 代指“鹰嘴豆”。 本句的翻译应为:他们还发现了他们认为能从鹰嘴豆的培育过程中清除的不太有用的基因。 Why migrating birds lightened up From highly streamlined bodies to extensive fat storage, migratory birds have many adaptations that help them cope with punishing long-distance flights. Now new research led by Kaspar Delhey at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology reveals that light-coloured feathers ought to be added to this list. Migrating birds have been observed flying at dramatically higher altitudes during the day than at night. Researchers started theorising that they were doing this to cool down under the sun, suggesting that it is necessary for them to regulate temperature to migrate effectively. As he reports in Current Biology, a journal, Dr Delhey speculated that, if this is true, then migrating birds would also have lighter-coloured feathers than species that did not migrate. (Because light feathers will absorb less heat.) He and his colleagues then measured plumage lightness in all known birds and found that migratory species are indeed lighter than their stationary counterparts. Why migrating birds lightened up 为什么候鸟羽毛明亮? 王不留(wbliu85)注: 有许多鸟类,每年都会在繁殖区和越冬区进行移居,此现象称为迁徙。依据迁徙的性质,我们可以把鸟类分为留鸟、旅鸟和候鸟等几种类型。 1.留鸟,顾名思义,它们一年四季都停留在同一个地方,不进行迁徙。飞行能力比较弱的鸟类绝大部分都是留鸟;在一年四季气候都比较温暖,食物丰富的南方,有许多鸟类也是留鸟。 2.候鸟,再细分可以分为两类:冬候鸟和夏候鸟。冬候鸟是秋冬季来到此地越冬,春天离去的鸟;夏候鸟是春夏季来到此地,秋天离开的鸟,此间它们又身负繁殖重任,因此又称繁殖鸟。 3.旅鸟则是指该鸟种在此地既不是留鸟,也不是候鸟,而是春秋季节鸟类在迁徙过程中在此作短暂的停留休息和食物补充,等精力充沛后再继续迁飞。 旅鸟和候鸟都是一种相对的说法,比如红胁蓝尾鸲,对于东北地区来说是夏候鸟,对于中国南方来说则是冬候鸟,在华北地区则是旅鸟,而到了云南西部的部分地区它又变成了留鸟。 有的时候同一种鸟的不同种群在同一地区也不尽相同,比如雀鹰在北京,有些是候鸟,有些则是留鸟。同一种鸟的留居情况也会随着气候与环境的变化而慢慢改变,黑鹳在北京曾是夏候鸟,现在一年四季在北京都能见到它们。 4.迷鸟是指此类鸟正常迁徙时本不应该经过该地区,但因种种原因至使它们迷失正常方向而来到此地。这类鸟一般观察到的数量比较少,而且也并非每年均能观察到。 5.逃逸鸟则是指根本不是本地自然分布、不应有的鸟种,而是在饲养、运输、贩卖过程中逃逸或被放生的鸟。它们有可能因不适应环境而消失,也有可能生存下去并建立起稳定的种群,成为外来入侵物种。这也是人类对环境的一种影响方式。 From highly streamlined bodies to extensive fat storage, migratory birds have many adaptations that help them cope with punishing long-distance flights. Now new research led by Kaspar Delhey at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology reveals that light-coloured feathers ought to be added to this list. 从高度流水线式的身体到大量的脂肪储备,候鸟有许多适应能力,帮助它们应对恶劣的长途飞行。现在由马克斯·普朗克鸟类研究所的卡斯帕·德尔希(Kaspar Delhey)领导的一项新研究表明,明亮的羽毛应该列入(候鸟适应长途飞行的能力)清单。
Migrating birds have been observed flying at dramatically higher altitudes during the day than at night. Researchers started theorising that they were doing this to cool down under the sun, suggesting that it is necessary for them to regulate temperature to migrate effectively. As he reports in Current Biology, a journal, Dr Delhey speculated that, if this is true, then migrating birds would also have lighter-coloured feathers than species that did not migrate. (Because light feathers will absorb less heat.) He and his colleagues then measured plumage lightness in all known birds and found that migratory species are indeed lighter than their stationary counterparts. 人们观察到候鸟白天飞行高度明显高于夜间。研究人员开始推断它们这样做是为了保证在日照之下能够让身体降温,这表明它们需要调节体温,实现有效迁徙。正如他在《当代生物学》(Current Biology)杂志上所报道的那样,德尔希博士推测,如果这是真的,那么候鸟羽毛颜色会比留鸟的更明亮。(因为明亮的羽毛吸收热量较少。) 然后,他和同事测量了所有已知鸟类的羽毛亮度,发现候鸟确实比留鸟要明亮。
王不留(wbliu85)注: 文章最后,让我们认识一些漂亮的鸟儿。 棕面莺 紫啸鸫 朱连雀 朱鹂 爪哇池鹭 野鸲 (公) 洋燕 燕鴴 绣眼画眉 小弯嘴 小白鹭 五色鸟 五色鸟 纹翼画眉 纹翼画眉 台湾蓝雀 薮鸟 树鹨 山红头 山红头 日本歌鸲 青背山雀 铅色水鸫 绿啄花 绿绣眼 绿绣眼 鳞胸鹪鹩 火冠戴菊 灰鷽 黄头鹭 黄腹琉璃 虎鸫 红嘴黑鹎 红头山雀 黑枕蓝鹟 褐头鹪莺 冠羽画眉 高跷鴴 东方环颈鴴 戴胜 大卷尾 大白鹭 翠鸟 赤腹山雀 斑纹鹪莺 斑文鸟 白头翁 白腹琉璃 八色鸟 黄尾鸲 白耳画眉 |
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