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本文以修改用户名密码单元为案例，编写测试脚本。完成修改用户名密码模块单元测试。 (ps.这个demo中登陆密码为“admin”) 1. 打开浏览器，访问# 1. 打开浏览器，访问
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
def openDriver():
driver.get('http://')
driver.maximize_window() 2. 登陆登陆这动作传入的参数只有一个“用户密码” 需要执行的操作有两个：1. 向输入框输入密码 2. 点击确定 需要注意的是在登陆的时候可能出现页面还没有加载出来，我们的程序就开始填写表单的情况。 为了防止异常出现，编写了函数waitandSendkeys和waitandClick来处理异常。(后面将会介绍异常处理函数) class loginClass(object):
'''docstring for login'''
def __init__(self, arg):
self.login_pwd = arg
def login(self):
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id='Pwd']', self.login_pwd)
waitandClick('//*[@id='Save']')3. 修改管理员密码需要传入的参数有两个:1.旧密码 2. 新密码 要注意的是由于修改管理员密码是一个弹窗，所以要判断等弹窗弹出之后再进行操作 class changePwdClass(object):
'''docstring for changePwdClass'''
def __init__(self, pwdNew, pwdOld):
self.pwdNew = pwdNew
self.pwdOld = pwdOld
def changeUserPwd(self):
waitandClick('//*[@id='Con']/div[1]/ul[2]/li[1]')
waitandClick('//*[@id='Con']/div[1]/ul[2]/li[1]/ul/li[3]')
waitforDisplay('//*[@id='_Widget']')
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id='PwdOld']', self.pwdOld)
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id='PwdNew']', self.pwdNew)
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id='PwdCfm']', self.pwdNew)
waitandClick('//*[@id='SavePwd']') 到这里，我们可以完成修改用户名密码这一动作。后面将进行单元测试。 4. 单元测试数据修改用户名密码这个功能的防呆规则如下：
根据防呆规则可以列出:1.可能出现的错误 2.出现错误时页面应有的提示语 #可能出现的错误
errcode = ['oldPwdErr', 'lenErr', 'charErr', 'matchErr', 'pwdSameErr', 'oldPwdBlankErr', 'newPwdBlankErr']
#出现错误时页面应有的提示语
errTips = {
'oldPwdErr' :'原密码错误',
'lenErr' : '新密码长度应为5~63位',
'charErr' : '新密码包含非法字符',
'matchErr' : '两次密码输入不一致',
'pwdSameErr' : '新密码与原密码相同，请重新输入',
'oldPwdBlankErr' : '请输入原密码',
'newPwdBlankErr' : '请输入新密码'
}5. 检查输入的数据合法性需要输入的数据为要检查的data和登陆密码 def checkData(data, loginPwd):#检查顺序跟页面顺序相同
pwd = loginPwd
#'oldPwdBlankErr'
if data['pwdOld'] == '':
return errcode[5]
#newPwdBlankErr
if data['pwdNew'] == '':
return errcode[6]
#charErr
strTmp = data['pwdNew']
for x in xrange(0,len(data['pwdNew'])):
if ord(strTmp[x]) < 33 or ord(strTmp[x]) > 127:#ASCII表示范围:32-127
return errcode[2]
#lenErr
if len(data['pwdNew']) > 63 or len(data['pwdNew']) < 5:
return errcode[1]
#oldPwdErr
if pwd != loginData.login_data['login_pwd']:
return errcode[0]
#pwdSameErr
if data['pwdNew'] == pwd:
return errcode[4]
#no error
return None 6. 获取输入错误数据之后的页面提示语def checkResponse(error):
if error == None:
return
webText = getText('//*[@id='PwdTip']')
if webText == False:#没有提示
print('###Error: no tips on web!')
else:
webText = webText.decode('UTF-8')
waitandClick('//*[@id='ModifyPwd']/i')
time.sleep(1)
return webText7. 编写测试用例data = [
{'pwdNew' : '12345678','pwdOld' : '8dadla'},#'oldPwdErr'
{'pwdNew' : 'admi','pwdOld' : 'admin'},#lenErr
{'pwdNew' : '1 2 3','pwdOld' : 'admin'},#charErr
{'pwdNew' : 'admin','pwdOld' : 'admin'},#pwdSameErr
{'pwdNew' : '','pwdOld' : ''},#oldPwdBlank
{'pwdNew' : '','pwdOld' : 'admin'}#newPwdBlank
] 8.编写单元测试类8.1 单元测试中的通用操作单元测试中，不同的部分应该是数据，所以可以定义一个通用的操作。 其中self.assertEqual(checkResponse(error), errTips[error])是判定测试是否通过的条件:页面提示语是否正确。 def commonAction(self, arg): error = checkData(arg) changeUserPwd.main(arg) self.assertEqual(checkResponse(error), errTips[error]) 8.2 测试类测试类中主要包括了测试用例6个，和对应的以“test”开头的测试函数。 这里继承了python的unittest。 关于unittest的语法请参考：//www.jb51.net/article/65856.htm class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
data = [
{'pwdNew' : '12345678','pwdOld' : '8dadla'},#'oldPwdErr'
{'pwdNew' : 'admi','pwdOld' : '*'},#lenErr
{'pwdNew' : '1 2 3','pwdOld' : '*'},#charErr
{'pwdNew' : 'admin','pwdOld' : '*'},#pwdSameErr
{'pwdNew' : '','pwdOld' : ''},#oldPwdBlank
{'pwdNew' : '','pwdOld' : '*'}#newPwdBlank
]
def commonAction(self, arg):
error = checkData(arg)
changeUserPwd.main(arg)
self.assertEqual(checkResponse(error), errTips[error])
def test_oldPwdErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[0])
def test_lenErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[1])
def test_charErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[2])
def test_pwdSameErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[3])
def test_oldPwdBlank(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[4])
def test_newPwdBlank(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[5]) 9. 进行单元测试并生成测试报告这里利用了HTMLTestRunner来生成测试报告。 生成的测试报告将会存放在reports/test_report文件夹下，按照时间命名。测试报告的title叫做“修改管理员密码试报告” unittest.main(testRunner=HtmlTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(output='test_report',report_title='修改管理员密码试报告')) 10. 关闭浏览器def closeDriver():
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
os.system('killall chromedriver')
os.system('killall geckodriver') 到这里，我们可以完成修改用户名密码模块的单元测试了，为了增加代码的健壮性，下面介绍异常处理。 11. 异常处理11.1 点击函数点击按钮的时候可能出现的异常情况是：可能页面元素还没有加载出来的时候，点击的动作就发生了。这样就会引发找不到元素异常。 解决的方法是通过显示等待，每10ms检查一次页面元素是否加载完成，完成后就点击，否则就等到超时时间之后结束动作。 def waitandClick(xpath):
try:
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, xpath)))
except TimeoutException as e:
print('Error:waitandClick, TimeoutException, xpath = %s\n' % xpath)
else:
driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).click()11.2 填写表单在填写表单时，除了页面元素还没有加载完成的异常外，还可能原有表单中有文本，而我们的输入则是以追加模式填写的。这就会导致填写的文本不准确。 def waitandSendkeys(xpath, keys):
try:
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, xpath)))
except TimeoutException as e:
print('Error:waitandSendkeys, TimeoutException, xpath = %s\n' % xpath)
else:
driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).clear()
driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).send_keys(keys) 11.3 元素加载在元素加载中可能出现： 1. 在超时时间内元素没有加载完成 2. 查询的元素根本不存在 针对这两种情况进行异常处理： def waitforDisplay(xpath):
try:
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, xpath)))
except TimeoutException as e:
print('Error:waitforDisplay, TimeoutException, xpath = %s\n' % xpath)
else:
try:
process = driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda driver: process.is_displayed())
except NoSuchElementException as e:
print('Error:waitforDisplay, NoSuchElementException, xpath = %s\n' % xpath)12. 完整的测试代码# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#!/usr/bin/env python
from selenium import webdriver
import time, os
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
import unittest
import HtmlTestRunner
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
# 1. 打开浏览器，访问
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
def openDriver():
driver.get('http://')
driver.maximize_window()
# 2. 登陆
class loginClass(object):
'''docstring for login'''
def __init__(self, arg):
self.login_pwd = arg
def login(self):
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id='Pwd']', self.login_pwd)
waitandClick('//*[@id='Save']')
def login(data):
openDriver()
test1 = loginClass(data)
test1.login()
# 3.修改管理员密码
class changePwdClass(object):
'''docstring for changePwdClass'''
def __init__(self, arg):
self.pwdNew = arg.get('pwdNew', '')
self.pwdOld = arg.get('pwdOld', '')
def changeUserPwd(self):
waitandClick('//*[@id='Con']/div[1]/ul[2]/li[1]')
waitandClick('//*[@id='Con']/div[1]/ul[2]/li[1]/ul/li[3]')
waitforDisplay('//*[@id='_Widget']')
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id='PwdOld']', self.pwdOld)
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id='PwdNew']', self.pwdNew)
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id='PwdCfm']', self.pwdNew)
waitandClick('//*[@id='SavePwd']')
def changeUserPwd_main(data):
changePwdObj = changePwdClass(data)
changePwdObj.changeUserPwd()
# 4. 单元测试数据
errcode = ['oldPwdErr', 'lenErr', 'charErr', 'matchErr', 'pwdSameErr', 'oldPwdBlankErr', 'newPwdBlankErr']
errTips = {
'oldPwdErr' :'原密码错误',
'lenErr' : '新密码长度应为5~63位',
'charErr' : '新密码包含非法字符',
'matchErr' : '两次密码输入不一致',
'pwdSameErr' : '新密码与原密码相同，请重新输入',
'oldPwdBlankErr' : '请输入原密码',
'newPwdBlankErr' : '请输入新密码'
}
# 5. 检查输入的数据合法性
def checkData(data):#检查顺序跟页面顺序相同
#pwd = loginPwd
pwd='admin'
#'oldPwdBlankErr'
if data['pwdOld'] == '':
return errcode[5]
#newPwdBlankErr
if data['pwdNew'] == '':
return errcode[6]
#charErr
strTmp = data['pwdNew']
for x in xrange(0,len(data['pwdNew'])):
if ord(strTmp[x]) < 33 or ord(strTmp[x]) > 127:#ASCII表示范围:32-127
return errcode[2]
#lenErr
if len(data['pwdNew']) > 63 or len(data['pwdNew']) < 5:
return errcode[1]
#oldPwdErr
if pwd != data['pwdOld']:
return errcode[0]
#pwdSameErr
if data['pwdNew'] == data['pwdOld']:
return errcode[4]
#no error
return None
# 6. 获取输入错误数据之后的页面提示语
def checkResponse(error):
if error == None:
return
# webText = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id='PwdTip']').text
webText = getText('//*[@id='PwdTip']')
if webText == False:#没有提示
print('###Error: no tips on web!')
else:
webText = webText.decode('UTF-8')
waitandClick('//*[@id='ModifyPwd']/i')
return webText
# 8.单元测试类
class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
# 7. 编写测试用例
data = [
{'pwdNew' : '12345678','pwdOld' : '8dadla'},#'oldPwdErr'
{'pwdNew' : 'admi','pwdOld' : 'admin'},#lenErr
{'pwdNew' : '1 2 3','pwdOld' : 'admin'},#charErr
{'pwdNew' : 'admin','pwdOld' : 'admin'},#pwdSameErr
{'pwdNew' : '','pwdOld' : ''},#oldPwdBlank
{'pwdNew' : '','pwdOld' : 'admin'}#newPwdBlank
]
def commonAction(self, arg):
error = checkData(arg)
changeUserPwd_main(arg)
self.assertEqual(checkResponse(error), errTips[error])
time.sleep(1)
def test_oldPwdErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[0])
def test_lenErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[1])
def test_charErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[2])
def test_pwdSameErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[3])
def test_oldPwdBlank(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[4])
def test_newPwdBlank(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[5])
# 10. 关闭浏览器
def closeDriver():
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()
os.system('killall chromedriver')
os.system('killall geckodriver')
# 11. 异常处理
## 11.1 点击函数
def waitandClick(xpath):
try:
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, xpath)))
except TimeoutException as e:
print('Error:waitandClick, TimeoutException, xpath = %s\n' % xpath)
else:
driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).click()
## 11.2 填写表单
def waitandSendkeys(xpath, keys):
try:
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, xpath)))
except TimeoutException as e:
print('Error:waitandSendkeys, TimeoutException, xpath = %s\n' % xpath)
else:
driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).clear()
driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).send_keys(keys)
## 11.3 元素加载
def waitforDisplay(xpath):
try:
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, xpath)))
except TimeoutException as e:
print('Error:waitforDisplay, TimeoutException, xpath = %s\n' % xpath)
else:
try:
process = driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda driver: process.is_displayed())
except NoSuchElementException as e:
print('Error:waitforDisplay, NoSuchElementException, xpath = %s\n' % xpath)
def elementIsDisplayed(xpath):
try:
driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
except NoSuchElementException as e:
return False
def getText(xpath):
time.sleep(1)
return driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath).text
if __name__ == '__main__':
openDriver()
login('admin')
#data = {'pwdNew'='admin', 'pwdOld'='12345678'}
#changeUserPwd_main(data)
#9. 进行单元测试并生成测试报告
unittest.main(testRunner=HtmlTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(output='test_report',report_title='修改管理员密码试报告'))
closeDriver() |
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