乾隆白玉，中国玉器的革命

乾隆白玉，中国玉器的革命【英国皇室贵族拍卖】

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英国皇室贵族拍卖有限公司

香港皇室贵族拍卖有限公司

(Hong Kong royal aristocrats auction co., LTD )，於公元1942年12月在香港九龙创立。当时处於二战爆发期间，香港经济和社会迅速发展，香港皇室贵族拍卖源於英国皇室贵族嫡亲创立。拍卖目前是世界著名艺术品拍卖行之一，拍品汇集来自全球各地的珍罕艺术品、奢侈品、名表、珠宝首饰、汽车和名酒等精品。公司业务发展需求，在马绍尔群岛共和国注册英国皇室贵族拍卖有限公司(British Royal aristocrat auctioneer Co., LTD ),当地免收税收优惠政策，对公司业务长远发展起重要作用。

关天乾隆“太上皇帝”圆玺

Guantian Qianlong's 'Emperor Tai' Seal

整体呈圆柱状，顶部利用土红沁色浅浮雕双龙捧干卦图案，印面朱文篆书“太上皇帝”四字。玺四周以拨划法阴刻乾隆帝《自题太上皇宝》御制诗。此玺玉质温润细腻，顶部纽雕及四周的御制诗文字刻工流畅精细，形态自然，是典型的乾隆时期的风格。这方宝玺在现藏于北京故宫的《乾隆宝薮》（乾隆御玺印谱）中有明确著录，经与实物比堪，无论是材质、体量大小，还是印文篆法布局都与该书中的记载完全相合。

The whole body is cylindrical, and the top part is made of the earthy red color light relief Double Dragons holding the Gangua pattern, printed with the four characters of 'Emperor Tai' in Zhuwen Seal Book. The imperial poems of Emperor Qianlong's 'Tai Shang Huang Bao' were engraved around the seals by allocation. The jade is warm and delicate in quality, smooth and delicate in the top carving and in the surrounding imperial poems and characters, and natural in form. It is a typical style of the Qianlong period. This seal is clearly recorded in the Qianlong Imperial Seal (Qianlong Imperial Seal Seal Spectrum), which is now hidden in the Palace Museum of Beijing. It is comparable to the real thing, no matter the material, size or seal layout, it is completely consistent with the records in the book.

四龙角向后呈相连式，伏在其印背上，四爪粗大有力，紧抓印台顶面，雕工精细，立体感强。印台采用加诗文的高级制式，四周浅刻填金道光御制《慎德堂记》，落款为“道光十一年岁次辛卯季春月御制”，可知此玺制作正为慎德堂建成是年。钤“道”“光”连珠印，此道光连珠玺现藏北京故宫博物院，可为印证。印文为阳文玉箸篆“慎德堂宝”四字。因宝玺印用新疆和阗玉，其质地致密坚硬，不易雕琢，因而采用乾隆时期大盛的 “平刀直下”的特殊篆刻技法，用短程碎刀连续切成文字，一步一个脚印，犹如书法中的涩笔，表现出遒劲凝炼、厚实稳健的气象。钮系黄色丝绶，绶穗头部的纹饰及固定打结的方法也与清代大型皇帝宝玺的做法一致。北京故宫博物院所藏《道光帝行乐图》和《喜溢秋庭图》，描绘了道光皇帝在慎德堂内微澜不惊的闲逸生活场景，均钤此“慎德堂宝”印，由此更可见此宝玺与道光皇帝之息息相关和地位之重要。

Four dragon horns are connected backward, lying on the back of their prints. Four claws are thick and powerful. They grasp the top of the printing table tightly. The carvers are fine and have a strong sense of three-dimensional. Yintai adopts the high-level system of adding poems and prose, with Jindaoguang imperial system 'Shende Tang Ji' inscribed on all sides, and the inscription is 'Daoguang 11-year-old Xin Mao Spring and Moon imperial system'. It can be seen that the production of this seal is the year when Shende Tang was built. The pearl seals of 'Dao' and 'Guang' in Jun are now in the Palace Museum of Beijing, which can be confirmed. The seal is 'Shende Tangbao' in Yangwen Jade Seal. Because of the dense and hard texture of Xinjiang Hetian Jade used in seal printing, it is difficult to carve, so it adopts the special seal cutting technique of 'straight down with flat knife' in the Qianlong period. It is continuously cut into words with short-range broken knife, one step at a time, like the astringent pen in calligraphy, showing a strong, concise, solid and steady atmosphere. The yellow silk knot, the decoration of the head of the ear and the method of fixing the knot are also consistent with the practice of the Qing Dynasty's large-scale emperor's seals. The 'Daoguang Emperor's Travel Map' and 'Happy Overflowing Autumn Court Map' collected in Beijing Palace Museum depict the leisure life scenes of Daoguang Emperor in Shende Hall. They all bear the seal of 'Shende Tangbao'. This shows that the seal is closely related to the Daoguang Emperor's life and important position.

本品以上乘白玉雕就，玉华温润，玉理精坚，冰洁无瑕，不着一尘。其体态健硕雄壮，四足强悍，昂首傲立，双目圆瞪，炯炯有神，气势威严。发须盘结，前胸配以缨络铃铛，头部与身体相分开，腹部中空，可作香熏使用，口齿透雕，以便香味飘散。腹部两侧开光琢刻寿山福海祥云图，刻工流畅精细，全器包浆厚实凝重，褐色留皮光润绚丽，形制古朴中具隽秀，见皇家气象。

This product is made of white jade carvings, with warm and moist jade, solid jade, ice-clean and flawless, without any dust. Its body is strong and powerful, four feet strong, proud, eyes round stare, shining, dignified momentum. The hair is coiled, the chest is equipped with a collateral bell, the head is separated from the body, and the abdomen is hollow. It can be used for aromatherapy. The mouth and teeth are carved thoroughly so that the fragrance can be dispersed. The two sides of the abdomen open light carving Shoushan Fuhai auspicious clouds, smooth and delicate carving, the whole package thick and dignified, brown skin bright and gorgeous, simple and meaningful shape, see the Royal Meteorology.

本品级别尊贵，非同凡响，为乾隆盛世内府瑰宝，虽历近三百年风霜依然宝光照人，今北京故宫博物院典藏同类青玉甪端一对，可资对比。

This product is a noble and extraordinary treasure in the prosperous period of Qianlong Dynasty. Although the wind and frost have lasted for nearly 300 years, it still shines on people. Today, Beijing Palace Museum collects a pair of similar blue and white jade, which can be compared.

甪端是一种传说中的神兽，与麒麟相似，其形怪异，犀角、狮身、龙背、熊爪、鱼鳞、牛尾。据说能够日行一万八千里，通四方语言。《宋书·符瑞志下》：“甪端日行万八千里，又晓四夷之语，圣主在位，明达方外幽远，则奉书而至。耶律楚材谓为旌星之精，灵异如鬼神”。故宫太和殿两边就放着一对，用甪端护卫在侧，显示皇帝为有道明君，身在宝座而晓天下事，做到八方归顺，四海来朝。

Yunduan is a Legendary God animal, similar to Kirin, with strange shape, rhinoceros horn, lion body, dragon back, bear claws, fish scales, ox tail. It is said that it can travel 18,000 miles a day and speak four languages. 'Song Shu Fu Ruizhi': 'Yongduan travels eight thousand miles a day, and knows the language of the four barbarians. When the sage is in power and the wisdom is far away, the book will be served. Jerusalem Chu is called 'the spirit of the stars' and 'the spirit of ghosts and gods'. On both sides of the Palace Museum, there is a pair of Taihe Hall, which is guarded by the end of the swing. It shows that the emperor knows everything about the world for the sake of having a Taoist and Mingjun on the throne, so that he can return to obedience in all directions and come to the Dynasty from all over the world.