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Case 21. Mitral Stenosis for Non-Cardiac Surgery Preoperative evaluation: The preoperative assessment in the patient with mitral stenosis should include questions to elicit any signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, or congestive heart failure. It is important to note the patient’s exercise tolerance, as well as medication taken with particular attention to anticoagulant agents. The patient should also have an ECG and transthoracic echocardiogram performed preoperative. 术前评估：二尖瓣狭窄患者术前评估的内容应当包括：详询是否有肺水肿，肺动脉高压或充血性心衰的症状。重点关注患者的运动耐量，以及药物史，尤其抗凝药物的用药情况。患者应在术前完善心电图检查和经胸超声心电图。  1. Haitian ['heɪʃ(ə)n] n.海地人；adj.海地的→ Haiti ['heɪti] n.【国】海地 2. gestation [dʒeˈsteɪʃ(ə)n] n.孕育；妊娠（期）； 3. a repeat elective cesarean section 重复（再次）剖宫术→ primary elective cesarean section 初次择期剖宫产术 Cesarean [sɪˈzeəriən] adj.同“Caesarean”剖宫产的 Cesarean delivery (C-section) is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions in the abdomen and uterus. A C-section might be planned ahead of time if you develop pregnancy complications or you've had a previous C-section and aren't considering a vaginal birth afte rcesarean (VBAC) 阴道分娩. 4. a singleton fetus 单胎 singleton ['sɪŋɡ(ə)ltən] n. an offspring born singly (['sɪŋɡli] adv.单个地；单独地；一个一个地) // singletons are more common than twins 单胎比双胞胎更常见
5. mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄 mitral valve stenosis — sometimes called mitral stenosis — is an arrowing of the heart's mitral valve. 6. She is unable to lay flat in bed, and props herself up on two pillows to sleep. prop…up na.(把…)撑住 lean something against something else. // "she propped the picture up on the mantelpiece ([ˈmænt(ə)lˌpiːs] n.壁炉台)" 她把画靠在壁炉旁 7. Coumadin [kə'mædɪn] n.下丙酮香豆素钠 Coumadin (warfarin) is an anticoagulant ([ˌæntikəʊˈæɡjələnt] n.抗凝（血）剂) (blood thinner). Warfarin ([ˈwɔː(r)f(ə)rɪn] n.华法林) reduces the formation of blood clots. Coumadin is used to treat or prevent blood clots in veins or arteries, which can reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack, or other serious conditions. 8. low-molecular-weight heparin 低分子肝素
9. consent [kən'sent] n.同意；允许 v.同意；允许；准许 // At last, they gave nods of consent.他们最终点头表示同意。 10. cardiologist [ˌkɑː(r)diˈɒlədʒɪst] n.心脏病医生；心脏病学家 A cardiologist is a doctor with special training in diagnosing, treating and preventing the diseases of the heart and blood vessels. 11. anticoagulant [ˌæntikəʊˈæɡjələnt] n.抗凝（血）剂 12. prenatal [ˌpriːˈneɪt(ə)l] adj.产前的 occurring, existing, performed, or used before birth. antenatal ([.ænti'neɪt(ə)l] adj.产前的)[pre-+ L. natus, born] 13. auscultation [ˌɔːsk(ə)lˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n.听诊 (based on the Latin verb auscultare "to listen") is the term for listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope (/ˈstɛθəˌskəʊp/ n. n.听诊器v.用听诊器诊察 A stethoscope is an instrument that a doctor uses to listen to your heart and breathing.).
(Routine areas for the heart sound auscultation) 14. mild jugular venous distension 轻度颈静脉充盈 Jugular vein distention (JVD) occurs when the pressure inside the vena cava ([ˌviːnə ˈkeɪvə] n.腔静脉), a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart, causes a bulging neck vein. deoxygenated hemoglobin 脱氧血红蛋白 15. elicit [ɪ'lɪsɪt] v.引出；诱出 educe, evoke, inspire, raise. to draw out (something hidden, latent, or reserved) // The name alone elicits fear and brings images of doctors in hazmat ([ˈhazmat] HAZMAT is an abbreviation for “ hazardous materials .” ) suits. 单单提起它的名字就能够让人想起恐惧及身着防护服医生的景象。 16. transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) 经胸超声心动图 A TTE is a procedure used to check for problems with your heart. transthoracic [ˌtrænsθə'ræsɪk] adj.经胸腔的；经胸廓的
17. formulate [ 'fɔ:mjuleit ] v. elaborate ([ɪ'læbəreɪt] v.精心制作；详尽阐述), as of theories and hypotheses. 制订；准备；规划；构想 // With a new goal set, Estella quickly formulated a plan. 有了新的目标，艾丝黛拉便迅速制定了一个计划。 18. impede [ɪmˈpiːd] v.阻碍 The question is can such widely used video surveillance ([sə(r)ˈveɪləns] n.（对犯罪嫌疑人或可能发生犯罪的地方的）监视) impede giant liberties. 问题是这种广泛使用的视频监控阻碍自由. 19. rheumatic fever [ruːˈmætɪk] [ˈfiːvə(r)] 风湿热 Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory condition that may develop after infection with group A Streptococcus bacteria ([ˌstreptəˈkɒkəs] n.链球菌), such as strep throat or scarlet fever. 20. etiology [ˌiːtiˈɒlədʒi] n.病因学；病理学 the science dealing with causes of disease.
21. Group A streptococcus (GAS) A族链球菌 (streptococcus [ˌstreptəˈkɒkəs] n.链球菌) is a type of bacteria often found in the throat and on the skin. It is also known as Type A streptococcal ([ˌstreptə'kɒkəl] adj.链锁状球菌的). Group A streptococcal bacteria can cause strep throat ([ˌstrep 'θrəʊt] n.脓毒性咽喉炎), scarlet fever (n.猩红热), impetigo ([ˌɪmpɪˈtaɪɡəʊ] n.脓疱病), cellulitis ([ˌseljʊ'laɪtɪs] n.【医】蜂窝织炎) and other rarer but severe health conditions. 22. endocarditis [ˌendəʊkɑː'daɪtɪs] n.【医】心内膜炎 Endocarditis, also called infective endocarditis, is an infection and inflammation of the heart valves and the inner lining of the heart chambers, which is called the endocardium ([ˌendəʊ'kɑːdɪəm] n.【解】心内膜).
合辑来啦 case files: Anesthesiology-case 15.-20. Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(88)肺动脉高压3. |
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