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【创新前沿】顶刊追踪42|吸收能力

 yanyahoo 2022-02-10
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编者按:

吸收能力(Absorptive capacity)最早由Cohen和Levinthal提出,指组织对 外部知识进行识别获取、吸收转化以及有效的利用的能力。基于吸收能力的创新过程,指企业平时有意识的积累和提升自身从外部环境中识别、吸收和利用知识能力的过程,被后来的研究作为解释组织间创新活动竞争性差异的重要因素。吸收能力主要理论贡献:(1)吸收能力的作用表现在即可以解释宏观现象,又可以解释企业、组织和个体的微观现象;(2)随着新兴经济体崛起,吸收能力被用于解释国家技术追赶与创新;(3)吸收能力推动组织行为研究。随着产业升级、技术变革以及国际环境动荡加剧,未来有关吸收能力的理论研究包括以下方向:吸收能力对组织内个体创新影响;产业内和产业间吸收能力对组织创新影响;溢出效应和吸收能力对组织创新影响;绿色吸收速度对绿色创新影响;吸收速度对快速关键核心技术突破影响。

本期,编者选取近期刊登在《 Technological Forecasting & Social Change 》的关于吸收能力的三篇文章。Scuotto V, et al. (2022)研究人工智能 (AI) 等颠覆性技术的广泛传播正在迅速改变中小型企业 (SME) 的发展方式,并使其变得更具创新性。该研究在重新思考增强首席信息官( CIO)、强调微观层面在拦截颠覆性技术和优化中小企业研发投资方面的作用提供详细的促进因素分析。Neirotti P, et al. (2021) 探究在将数据转换为相关知识以进行运营决策过程中,组织利用算法的组织机制。研究表明要将数据转换为运营决策的相关知识,需要一线员工和联络角色的参与,以引入算法无法有效捕获的系统级知识。此外,在操作工作中需要更多的形式化,以确保为此类算法提供的数据质量。最后,社会化策略促进了算法产生的知识,与一线员工的经验知识之间的融合。Tarique M,et al(2020)研究工业 4.0对企业的运营方式的改变。研究表明,智力资本(IC)都对组织二元性产生了深远的影响。研究结果还表明,技术吸收能力 (TAC) 在 IC 和二元性联系中具有显着的部分中介作用。

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01

Triggering disruptive technology absorptive capacity by CIOs. Explorative research on a micro-foundation lens

触发 CIO 的颠覆性技术吸收能力:微观层面探索性研究

// 关键词:

颠覆性技术、微观基础理论、微观和中观层次、首席信息官、技术吸收能力

// 摘要:

人工智能 (AI) 等颠覆性技术的广泛传播正在迅速改变中小型企业 (SME) 的发展方式,并使其变得更具创新性。个人技术吸收能力 (TAC) 正在促使首席信息官 (CIO) 以更具影响、更高效和更轻松的方式使用颠覆性技术。尽管涉及公司的微观层面,但在中观层面上 CIO 鼓励公司的 TAC。尽管 CIO 鼓励使用颠覆性技术,但该领域的研究仍然很少。这项研究弥补了文献中的空白,对来自知识密集型中小企业的 754 名 CIO 大规模样本进行了实证分析,以在微观层面评估 TAC。本研究在重新思考增强 CIO、强调微观层面在拦截颠覆性技术和优化中小企业研发投资方面的作用提供详细的促进因素分析。研究线强调了 CIO 的相关作用以及公司 TAC 在工业 4.0 中在微观和中观层面的能力,本研究是研究线的一部分。该研究有助于企业在数字化转型时代利用颠覆性技术扩展解决方案。

The pervasive dissemination of disruptive technologies such as Artificial Intelligences (AI) is rapidly changing the way small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are evolving and becoming more innovative. Individual technology absorptive capacity (TAC) is triggering the use of such technologies in a more effective, efficient, and easy mode by Chief Information Officers (CIOs). The CIO, albeit involved in the firm’s micro level, encourages firms’ TAC at meso level. Although the CIO encourages the use of disruptive technologies, studies on this field are still scarce. This research bridges the gap in the literature, offering an empirical analysis of a large-scale sample of 754 CIOs from knowledge-intensive SMEs to evaluate TAC under a micro-foundation lens. The analysis provides detailed stimuli in rethinking the enhancement of CIOs, emphasizing the effect of the micro level in intercepting disruptive technologies, and optimizing investments in research and development in SMEs. The paper is part of a research line that highlights the relevant role of CIOs and the ability of firms’ TAC in Industry 4.0 at micro and meso levels. The study contributes to expanding solutions in the leveraging of disruptive technologies in the digital transformation era.

参考文献:

Scuotto V, Magni D, Palladino R, et al. Triggering disruptive technology absorptive capacity by CIOs. Explorative research on a micro-foundation lens[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2022.

02

Algorithmsfor operational decision-making: An absorptive capacity perspective on theprocess of converting data into relevant knowledge

运营决策算法:数据转化为相关知识过程的吸收能力视角

// 关键词:

数据驱动决策、数字化转型、算法、吸收能力、知识创造、组织机制

//摘要:

从吸收能力的角度来看,现有研究尚未探究在将数据转换为相关知识以进行运营决策过程中,组织利用算法的组织机制。以往研究强调新数字专业角色的增加,但很少提及如何重新设计组织知识和结构以利用这些数据丰富的运营环境。在本文中,我们介绍了一个案例研究的结果,该研究结果是关于如何在电气领域利用算法来阐明这些问题。然后,我们开发了一个框架来理论化与吸收能力相关的组织机制,探究这种组织机制如何通过影响利用算法将数据转换为相关知识,以进行运营决策的方式。新框架表明,要将数据转换为运营决策的相关知识,需要一线员工和联络角色的参与,以引入算法无法有效捕获的系统级知识。此外,在操作工作中需要更多的形式化,以确保为此类算法提供的数据质量。最后,社会化策略促进了算法产生的知识,与一线员工的经验知识之间的融合。

The organisational mechanisms through which algorithms can be exploited in the process of converting data into relevant knowledge for operational decision-making have not yet been fully investigated from an absorptive capacity perspective. Previous studies underlined a rise in new digital specialised roles, but they said little about how the organisational knowledge and structures should be redesigned to take advantage of these data-rich operational environments. In this article, we present the findings of a case study on the way algorithms can be exploited in the electrical sector to shed light on these issues. We then develop a framework to theorise how the organisational mechanisms associated with absorptive capacity influence the way algorithms can be exploited to convert data into relevant knowledge for operational decision-making. Our emerging framework reveals that to convert data into relevant knowledge for operational decision-making, the involvement of line employees and liaison roles are required to introduce system-level knowledge that algorithms are able to capture less effectively. Additionally, more formalisation is needed in operational work to ensure the quality of the data that feed such algorithms. Finally, socialisation tactics facilitate the convergence between the knowledge produced from algorithms and the experiential knowledge of line employees.

参考文献:

Neirotti P, Pesce D, Battaglia D. Algorithms for operational decision-making: An absorptive capacity perspective on the process of converting data into relevant knowledge[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2021.

03

Balancing innovation and exploitation in the fourth industrial revolution: Role of intellectual capital and technology absorptive capacity

平衡第四次工业革命中的创新与利用:智力资本和技术吸收能力的作用

// 关键词:

第四次工业革命(工业 4.0)、创新、技术、吸收能力、智力资本、组织二元性、结构方程建模

//摘要:

工业 4.0以物联网 (IoT)、云计算、大数据、数字化和网络物理系统为特色 ,正在改变企业的运营方式。工业 4.0使业务流程更加自主、自动化和智能,并通过将端到端业务流程数字化,以改变企业的组织结构。在进入第四次工业革命的同时平衡创新和开发,即组织的二元性,这对组织能力至关重要。本研究考察了智力资本(IC),包括人力资本、结构资本和关系资本,在平衡创新和开发活动中的作用。本研究还考察了技术吸收能力在 IC 和组织二元性 (OA) 之间关系中的作用。本研究对巴基斯坦制造业的 217 家中小企业,使用封闭式李克特量表问卷收集数据,并采用偏最小二乘结构方程建模 (PLS-SEM) 进行数据分析。调查结果表明,IC 无论是整体还是各个方面,都对组织二元性产生了深远的影响。研究结果还表明,技术吸收能力 (TAC) 在 IC 和二元性联系中具有显着的部分中介作用。研究结果强调制定旨在发展公司 IC 的具体政策,这反过来又可以使公司在创新和市场开发活动之间保持平衡。该研究创新点是将 TAC 与 IC-OA 关系相结合。

Industry 4.0, which features the Internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, big-data, digitalization, and cyberphysical systems, is transforming the way businesses are being run. It is making the business processes more autonomous, automated and intelligent, and is transmuting the organizational structures of businesses by digitalizing their end-to-end business processes. In this context, balancing innovation and exploitation— organization's ambidexterity—while stepping into the fourth industrial revolution can be critical for organizational capability. This study examines the role of intellectual capital (IC)—human capital, structural capital and relational capital—in balancing the innovation and exploitation activities. It also examines the role of technology's absorptive capacity in the relationship between IC and organizational ambidexterity (OA). Data were collected from 217 small and medium enterprises from the manufacturing sector of Pakistan using a closedended Likert scale-based questionnaire. The study employs partial least square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis. Findings indicate a profound influence of all dimensions of IC, both overall and by dimensions on organizations’ ambidexterity. Findings also exhibit a significant partial mediating role of technology absorptive capacity (TAC) in the association of IC and ambidexterity. The findings of the study emphasize the creation of specific policies aimed to develop IC of a firm, which in turn can enable a firm to maintain a balance between innovation and market exploitation activities. The study integrates the TAC with the IC-OA relationship, which is the novelty of the study.

参考文献:

Mahmood T, Mubarik M S. Balancing innovation and exploitation in the fourth industrial revolution: Role of intellectual capital and technology absorptive capacity[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2020.

文字:莫康,浙江大学管理学院博士生

           (21734103@zju.edu.cn)

           研究方向:技术创新与战略管理

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