历史今天:1945年日本签署投降书(9.2)

【英文原文】

In the Pacific theater, American forces advanced in the Philippines, clearing Leyte by the end of 1944. They landed on Luzon in January 1945 and Mindanao in March. British and Chinese forces defeated the Japanese in northern Burma from October to March, then the British pushed on to Rangoon by May 3. American forces also moved toward Japan, taking Iwo Jima by March, and Okinawa by June. American bombers destroyed Japanese cities, and American submarines cut off Japanese imports.

On July 11, the Allied leaders met in Potsdam, Germany. They confirmed earlier agreements about Germany, and reiterated the demand for unconditional surrender by Japan, specifically stating that 'the alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction'. During this conference the United Kingdom held its general election and Clement Attlee replaced Churchill as Prime Minister.

When Japan continued to reject the Potsdam terms, the United States then dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in early August. Between the two bombs, the Soviets invaded Japanese-held Manchuria, as agreed at Yalta. On August 15, 1945 Japan surrendered, with the surrender documents finally signed aboard the deck of the American battleship USS Missouri on September 2, 1945, ending the war.

【中文译文】


在太平洋战区，1944年底美军登陆菲律宾，解放了莱特岛。之后1945年1月美军登陆吕宋岛，随后3月登陆棉兰老岛。在44年10月到45年3月期间，英国和中国的军队击败了缅甸北部的日本军队，之后5月3日英军占领仰光。而美军继续向日本进军，分别在3月和6月到达了硫黄岛和冲绳。后来，美国轰炸机摧毁了日本2个城市，并美军潜艇封锁了日本港口。

7月11日，盟军领导人在德国波茨坦会面。他们证实了关于德国早先就投向达成的协议，并重申要求日本无条件投降，并特别指出，“要及时和彻底的毁灭日本”。在这次会议期间，英国举行了大选，艾德礼代替了丘吉尔担任首相。

日本继续拒绝签署波茨坦条款，美国则在8月初向日本的广岛和长崎投了2枚原子弹。两起爆炸之间，苏联解放了日军占领的东三省，并签署了雅尔塔协议。1945年8月15日，日本投降，并最终在9月2日美国战舰密苏里号的甲板上年签署了投降文件。二战结束。