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【原】接口自动化项目落地之HTTPBin网站

 测试开发刚哥 2022-03-16

接口自动化项目落地系列

找个开源网站或开源项目，用tep实现整套pytest接口自动化项目落地，归档到电子书，作为tep完整教程的项目篇一部分。自从tep完整教程发布以后，tep被越来越多小伙伴了解。教程只是纯理论，是骡子是马，拉出来遛遛才知道。做接口自动化项目落地，一方面是为了让自己脑海中的构想实实在在的呈现出来，现实和理想存在多少差距，不断尝试去弥补和修缮；另一方面也是方便读者朋友们学习使用，借助实际项目来练习，才能在赛道中弯道超车。

HTTPBin网站

是一个简单的在线提供HTTP服务的网站：
它能够用来对HTTP进行在线测试。

测试报告

HTTPBin网站的接口自动化项目包含11个用例集：
67条测试用例：
自动化执行正确率98.5%，其中有1条错误结果，是我故意为之的，因为想展示下断言失败的效果。

环境配置

包含http和https两套环境，因为HTTPBin支持HTTP&HTTPS：
fixtures/fixture_env_vars.py
#!/usr/bin/python
# encoding=utf-8

from tep.fixture import *


@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def env_vars(config):
    class Clazz(TepVars):
        env = config["env"]

        """变量定义开始"""
        # 环境变量
        mapping = {
            "http": {  # http环境
                "domain": "http://",
            },
            "https": {  # https环境
                "domain": "https://",
            }
            # 继续添加
        }
        # 定义类属性，敲代码时会自动补全
        domain = mapping[env]["domain"]
        """变量定义结束"""

    return Clazz()
配置默认为http环境：
conf.yaml
env: http

用例集

http-methods

import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("get请求")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/get",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http:///', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

auth

import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("Authorization以Bearer开头，认证成功")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # http:///#/Auth/get_basic_auth__user___passwd_
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/bearer",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'Authorization': 'Bearer ZG9uZ2ZhbmdlcjoxMjM0NTY=',  # 替换token
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http:///', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

status-codes

import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("post返回状态码300")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "post",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/status/300",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '0', 'accept': 'text/plain',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Origin': 'http://', 'Referer': 'http:///', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        json={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code == 300

request_inspection

import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("捕获请求信息--headers")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/headers",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http:///', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400
    assert response.json()["headers"]

response_inspection

import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("捕获响应信息--缓存")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/cache",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
                 'accept': 'application/json', 'If-None-Match': '1', 'If-Modified-Since': '1',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http:///', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code == 304

response_formats

import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("txt文本text/plain")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/robots.txt",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'text/plain',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http:///', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400
    assert response.headers["content-type"] == "text/plain"

dynamic_data

import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("base64解码")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/base64/SFRUUEJJTiBpcyBhd2Vzb21l",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'text/html',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http:///', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400
    assert "HTTPBIN is awesome" == response.text

cookies

import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("cookies")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/cookies",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http:///', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400
    assert response.json()["cookies"]

images

import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("图片")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/image",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'image/webp',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http:///', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

redirects

import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("重定向")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/redirect/1",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'text/html',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': 'http:///', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code == 404

anything

import allure
from tep.client import request


@allure.title("返回所有数据")
def test(env_vars):
    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "delete",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/anything",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Origin': '', 'Referer': '/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        json={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "get",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/anything",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Referer': '/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        params={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "patch",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/anything",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Origin': '', 'Referer': '/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        json={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "post",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/anything",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '0',
                 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Origin': '', 'Referer': '/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        json={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

    # 描述
    # 数据
    # 请求
    response = request(
        "put",
        url=env_vars.domain + "/anything",
        headers={'Host': '', 'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Content-Length': '0',
                 'accept': 'application/json',
                 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.109 Safari/537.36',
                 'Origin': '', 'Referer': '/', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
                 'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7',
                 'Cookie': 'stale_after=never; fake=fake_value; freeform=3; name=dongfanger'},
        json={}
    )
    # 提取
    # 断言
    assert response.status_code < 400

只花了3小时完成

通过mitmproxy来录制流量自动生成用例，效率得到了极大的提高，从原来的1天缩短到3小时就完成了整个项目落地。相比于手工编写用例，这次写HTTPBin的接口自动化，我使用了utils/mitm.py来录制流量，mitmproxy稍微不方便的是需要手动开启代理，不过适应了以后还是能接受。录制流量后就会生成自动化用例，但是还需要二次修改，才会变成最终的用例。主要修改的工作量是在添加断言，根据业务设置合理的断言。其次是替换url为env_vars.domain + "/api"拼接方式，直接批量Replace即可。然后就是修改文件名和@allure.title了，给用例加上标题。工欲善其事，必先利其器。

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