# systemctl list-units --type=target
UNITLOADACTIVESUBDESCRIPTION
basic.target loaded active active Basic System
cryptsetup.target loaded active active Encrypted Volumes
getty.target loaded active active Login Prompts
graphical.target loaded active active Graphical Interface
local-fs-pre.target loaded active active Local File Systems(Pre)
local-fs.target loaded active active Local File Systems
multi-user.target loaded active active Multi-User System
network-online.target loaded active active Network is Online
network.target loaded active active Network
nss-user-lookup.target loaded active active User and Group Name Lookups
paths.target loaded active active Paths
remote-fs-pre.target loaded active active Remote File Systems(Pre)
remote-fs.target loaded active active Remote File Systems
slices.target loaded active active Slices
sockets.target loaded active active Sockets
sound.target loaded active active Sound Card
swap.target loaded active active Swap
sysinit.target loaded active active System Initialization
time-sync.target loaded active active System Time Synchronized
timers.target loaded active active Timers
LOAD= Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.ACTIVE= The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization ofSUB.SUB= The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.20 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
Service 段
用来 Service 的配置,只有 Service 类型的 Unit 才有这个区块。它的主要字段分为服务生命周期和服务上下文配置两个方面。
# systemctl --help
systemctl [OPTIONS...]{COMMAND}...
Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.-h --help Show this help
--version Show package version
--system Connect to system manager
-H--host=[USER@]HOST
Operate on remote host
-M--machine=CONTAINER
Operate on local container
-t --type=TYPE List units of a particular type
--state=STATE List units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state
-p --property=NAME Show only properties by this name
-a --all Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty
ones. To list all units installed on the system, use
the 'list-unit-files' command instead.-l --full Don't ellipsize unit names on output
-r --recursive Show unit list of host and local containers
--reverse Show reverse dependencies with'list-dependencies'--job-mode=MODE Specify how to deal with already queued jobs, when
queueing a newjob--show-types When showing sockets, explicitly show their type
-i --ignore-inhibitors
When shutting down or sleeping, ignore inhibitors
--kill-who=WHO Who to send signal to
-s --signal=SIGNAL Which signal to send
--now Start or stop unit in addition to enabling or disabling it
-q --quiet Suppress output
--no-block Do not wait until operation finished
--no-wall Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot
--no-reload Don't reload daemon after en-/dis-abling unit files
--no-legend Do not print a legend(column headers and hints)--no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager
--no-ask-password
Do not ask for system passwords
--global Enable/disable unit files globally
--runtime Enable unit files only temporarily until next reboot
-f --force When enabling unit files, override existing symlinks
When shutting down, execute action immediately
--preset-mode= Apply only enable, only disable, or all presets
--root=PATH Enable unit files in the specified root directory
-n --lines=INTEGER Number of journal entries to show
-o --output=STRING Change journal output mode(short, short-iso,
short-precise, short-monotonic, verbose,export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)--plain Print unit dependencies as a list instead of a tree
Unit Commands:
list-units [PATTERN...] List loaded units
list-sockets [PATTERN...] List loaded sockets ordered by address
list-timers [PATTERN...] List loaded timers ordered by next elapse
start NAME...Start(activate) one or more units
stop NAME...Stop(deactivate) one or more units
reload NAME... Reload one or more units
restart NAME... Start or restart one or more units
try-restart NAME... Restart one or more units if active
reload-or-restart NAME... Reload one or more units if possible,
otherwise start or restart
reload-or-try-restart NAME... Reload one or more units if possible,
otherwise restart if active
isolate NAME Start one unit and stop all others
kill NAME... Send signal to processes of a unit
is-active PATTERN... Check whether units are active
is-failed PATTERN... Check whether units are failed
status [PATTERN...|PID...] Show runtime status of one or more units
show [PATTERN...|JOB...] Show properties of one or more
units/jobs or the manager
cat PATTERN... Show files and drop-ins of one or more units
set-property NAMEASSIGNMENT... Sets one or more properties of a unit
help PATTERN...|PID... Show manual for one or more units
reset-failed [PATTERN...] Reset failed state for all, one, or more
units
list-dependencies [NAME] Recursively show units which are required
or wanted by this unit or by which this
unit is required or wanted
Unit File Commands:
list-unit-files [PATTERN...] List installed unit files
enable NAME... Enable one or more unit files
disable NAME... Disable one or more unit files
reenable NAME... Reenable one or more unit files
preset NAME... Enable/disable one or more unit files
based on preset configuration
preset-all Enable/disable all unit files based on
preset configuration
is-enabled NAME... Check whether unit files are enabled
mask NAME... Mask one or more units
unmask NAME... Unmask one or more units
link PATH... Link one or more units files into
the search path
add-wants TARGETNAME... Add 'Wants' dependency for the target
on specified one or more units
add-requires TARGETNAME... Add 'Requires' dependency for the target
on specified one or more units
edit NAME... Edit one or more unit files
get-default Get the name of the default target
set-defaultNAME Set the default target
Machine Commands:
list-machines [PATTERN...] List local containers and host
Job Commands:
list-jobs [PATTERN...] List jobs
cancel [JOB...] Cancel all, one, or more jobs
Snapshot Commands:
snapshot [NAME] Create a snapshot
deleteNAME... Remove one or more snapshots
Environment Commands:
show-environment Dump environment
set-environment NAME=VALUE... Set one or more environment variables
unset-environment NAME... Unset one or more environment variables
import-environment [NAME...] Import all or some environment variables
Manager Lifecycle Commands:
daemon-reload Reload systemd manager configuration
daemon-reexec Reexecute systemd manager
System Commands:
is-system-running Check whether system is fully running
default Enter system default mode
rescue Enter system rescue mode
emergency Enter system emergency mode
halt Shut down and halt the system
poweroff Shut down and power-off the system
reboot [ARG] Shut down and reboot the system
kexec Shut down and reboot the system with kexec
exit Request user instance exit
switch-root ROOT[INIT] Change to a different root file system
suspend Suspend the system
hibernate Hibernate the system
hybrid-sleep Hibernate and suspend the system
Unit 管理
查看当前系统的所有 Unit
# 列出正在运行的 Unit
$ systemctl list-units
# 列出所有Unit,包括没有找到配置文件的或者启动失败的
$ systemctl list-units --all
# 列出所有没有运行的 Unit
$ systemctl list-units --all --state=inactive
# 列出所有加载失败的 Unit
$ systemctl list-units --failed
# 列出所有正在运行的、类型为 service 的 Unit
$ systemctl list-units --type=service
# 查看 Unit 配置文件的内容
$ systemctl cat docker.service
查看 Unit 的状态
enabled:已建立启动链接
disabled:没建立启动链接
static:该配置文件没有 [Install] 部分(无法执行),只能作为其他配置文件的依赖
masked:该配置文件被禁止建立启动链接
# 显示系统状态
$ systemctl status
# 显示单个 Unit 的状态
$ ystemctl status bluetooth.service
# 显示远程主机的某个 Unit 的状态
$ systemctl -H root@rhel7.example.com status httpd.service