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这几天美国又发生枪击案了，造成了10多人死亡。 而看报道是一个“白人至上者”的种族仇恨行为。 美国曾对对当时的土著人进行了同化政策，尤其是对土著儿童进行了同化。 今天我们来精读这一篇文章，选自2022.5.14-5.20这一期《经济学人》的 United States板块。 Forced assimilation Stolen children A report on Native American boarding schools unveils some of their horrors 被偷走的孩子与强迫同化政策 一份土著美国寄宿学校的报告揭开其恐怖的一面
◆boarding school 寄宿学校 ◆unveil v 揭开 曾经有一部电影叫《面纱》英文名即The Painted Veil.
veil 是面纱，而面纱的目的就是为了遮住人脸，所以否定前缀un-加上veil 就变成了unveil 揭开，揭露。 再比如：earth (用土掩盖)-unearth (发掘，揭露)；bury (埋葬)-unbury (发掘)；cover (覆盖，遮盖)-uncover (揭开，发现) 请先阅读一遍文章，然后试着给本文进行结构分析。
1. Sophia Tetoff was 12 years old in 1901 when she was sent 4,000 miles from her island home in the Bering Sea to Carlisle, an Indian boarding school in Pennsylvania. Sophia was a member of Alaska’s Unangax people. Five years later, she died from tuberculosis. She was buried in the school’s cemetery and largely forgotten. Her name on her headstone was misspelt. Her tribe’s name was incorrect. Sophia was one of thousands of children separated from their communities, often forcibly, and sent to Indian boarding schools. 当1901年Sophia Tetoff从家白令海峡的家被送到位于宾夕法尼亚州的印第安寄宿学校卡莱时，她只有12岁。Sophia是一个阿拉斯加Unangax人（位于阿留申群岛的土著美国人）。 五年后，因结核病而死亡。死后被葬在了学校的墓地，自此几乎没人再记得她。Sophia墓碑上的名字被拼写错了，部落名字也不正确。 Sophia是几千名与自己的社区分开（通常是被迫的）并被送到了印第安寄宿学校的其中一个孩子。 ◆tuberculosis 结核病 ◆headstone 墓碑 2. Last summer Deb Haaland, the secretary of the interior, whose department manages the Bureau of Indian Affairs, announced the Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative, a comprehensive review of the troubled legacyof such policies. On May 11th Ms Haaland, the first Native American cabinet secretary, released the first volume of the review. The investigation found that from 1819 to 1969, the federal Indian boarding -school system had 408 schools across 37 states or territories. Burial sites were identified at 53 schools (as the investigation continues that number is expected to rise). The Indian children who died at schools far from their families could number in the tens of thousands. 去年夏天，负责管理印第安事务属的内务部部长Deb Haaland宣布开启联邦印第安寄宿学校计划，旨在全方位调查这一政策的遗留问题。 今年五月11日，作为第一位内阁部长的土著美国人Haaland发布了第一批调查结果。调查发现从1819年到1969年，联邦印第安寄宿学校系统在37个州或地区共有408所这样的学校。 53所学校发现了埋葬点（随着调查的继续，这个数字预计会上升）。远离父母，死在学校的印第安儿童的数量可能会达到成千上万名。 ◆interior 内部 The interior 内务部 ◆legacy 遗产，遗留问题 ◆number v 总计，计数 3. “The consequences of federal Indian boarding-school policies…inflicted upon generations of children as young as four years old are heartbreaking and undeniable,” said Ms Haaland. Forced assimilation practices included cutting off the children’s long hair, and stripping them of their traditional clothing, language and culture. The government mixed children from different tribes to disrupt connections and force the use of English. There was rampant physical, sexual and emotional abuse as well as malnourishment, disease and overcrowding. Many children were sent out to farms and businesses for months of manual labour. The schools often pocketed their wages. Haaland女士说“联邦印第安寄宿学校政策对年龄小到四岁的几代儿童产生的影响令人心碎，而且无可争辩。” 被迫同化的做法包括剪掉儿童的长发，不让他们穿着传统服装，不准使用自己的语言以及不能展现自己的文化。政府将来自各个部落的儿童混在一起，目的就是为了扰乱他们的联系，强迫他们使用英语。 除了营养不足，疾病和拥挤之外，儿童们还会遭受残暴的体罚，性侵和精神虐待。很多儿童会被送到农场和企业从事几个月的体力劳动。而工钱常常进了学校的腰包。 ◆inflict upon 使……受痛苦 ◆practice 做法 这个词我们常见的翻译是练习和实践，但在某些语境下，它还可以翻译成做法，惯例等。 ◆strip ……of 剥夺某人……
◆rampant 狂暴的，极端的
◆malnourishment 营养不良 前缀mal-坏的，不好的，不良的，如malfunctional-有故障的 ◆pocket v 把……装进腰包 4. Ms Haaland was moved to shed light on these traumas by the discovery of hundreds of unmarked graves connected to Indian residential schools in Canada. The review found much evidence of intergenerational trauma caused by family separation and cultural eradication. Ms Haaland’s own grandparents were stolen from their families and sent away to school. Her great-grandfather was taken to Carlisle. 当在加拿大的印第安居住地学校发现几百座无名坟墓时，Haaland女士深受撼动，决定要将这些创伤展示出来。这次的调查发现家庭分离，文化被剥夺给几代人带来了很多创伤的证据。 Haaland女士自己的祖父母被迫离开家人并被送到了学校。她的曾祖父被送到了卡莱这个方的学校。 ◆shed light on 阐明，解释
◆intergenerational （影响）几代人的 5. Carlisle was used as a model for other schools. Its founder, Richard Henry Pratt, infamously said in 1892, “Kill the Indian in him, and save the man.” His outlook was not novel. As far back as George Washington it was part of federal policy. Indian territorial dispossession and assimilation through education was considered a cheapand safe way of subduing Native Americans. By 1926, 83% of Indian school-age children were attending boarding schools. 卡莱学校曾经被看作是其他学校效仿的典范。它的创始人Richard Henry Pratt1892年厚颜无耻地说到“杀掉印第安人，拯救人类。” 他的想法并不新奇。早在乔治·华盛顿时期，这就是联邦政策的一部分了。 剥夺印第安人的土地，通过教育同化印第安人被认为是征服土著美国人既经济又安全的方法。到1926年，83%的印第安学龄儿童都进入了寄宿学校。 ◆本段中的几个词infamously, cheap都很简单，但翻译起来，想找到精准的词不容易。 6. The initiative will continue its search for burial sites. It also intends to identify surviving boarding-school pupils to document their experiences. And it will explore the potential repatriation or disinterment of children’s remains. Sophia’s remains, along with those of nine Rosebud Sioux children, returned to Alaska and South Dakota last summer, where they were welcomed home by their communities. At the review’s unveiling Deborah Parker, head of the National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition, said: “Our children deserve to be brought home.” 该计划会继续进行埋葬点的搜寻工作。与此同时，它也计划找出还健在的寄宿学校学生，记录他们曾经的经历。此外，该计划还打算发掘或把儿童的遗骸运回的工作。 Sophia的遗骸以及其他九名Rosebud Sioux儿童的遗骸于去年夏天回到了阿拉斯加和南达科塔。两地的居民热烈欢迎他们的归来。 在美国国家土著美国人寄宿学校治愈联盟的负责人Deborah Parker宣布这项调查时，她说道“我们的孩子应该被送回家乡！” ◆这一段中surviving 虽然好理解，但找出恰当的词语会比较难。 ◆repatriation This is the seventh annual repatriation, following a handover agreement signed between China and the ROK. 这是中韩两国签署交接协议后第七批回国的烈士遗骸。 ◆remains 遗体，遗骸 |
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