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上海市牛津版英语高二下Unit3知识梳理.docx
2022-05-20 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
Module2ThepowerofimagesUnit3Colors知识要点梳理ReadingVocabularyPerson
alityn性格、个性Fascinatingadj迷人的Emotionaladj
情绪的、情感的Energeticadj精力充沛的、积极的Adventurousadj有冒险精神的
、大胆开拓的Firmnessn坚定Ambitiousadj有雄心的Remind…….of
使....想起(类似的人、地方、事物)Peaceandquiet宁静Relaxedadj放
松的、冷静的Familiaradj熟悉的Rareadj稀少的、稀罕的Injury
n伤害、损害Associate…….with……联想、联系Stimulatev
促进、激发Thusadv因而、从而Thinkof…….as……把....看作....
Reliableadj可靠的、可信赖的travelagent旅行代办人、旅行代办商symbol
izev象征morereadingVocabularyassociationn联想、联系dependo
n取决于makeadifference有影响wrapv包装circumstancesn【pl】复数
环境、状况offendv冒犯、得罪embarrassv使窘迫funeraln葬礼mourni
ngn哀悼briden新娘、即将或刚刚结婚的女子virtuen高尚的道德、德行purityn纯洁
、纯净stickto坚持做某事smartadj光鲜的、漂亮的Braziln巴西unpackv打
开、取出mistake…….for把什么错当成KeyWords重点单词1.Personalityn性格、
个性Hispersonalityleftadeepimpressiononus.他的人品给我们留下了深刻的印
象。知识拓展Personaladj个人的、亲自的Theymadeapersonalvisittothefa
mouswriter.他们亲自拜访了那位著名的作家。2Fascinatingadj迷人的Hefound
worldtravelfascinating.他发现周游世界是一件非常美妙的事。知识拓展Fascinatev迷住、
强烈吸引Befascinatedby\with被....、、、迷住Thechildwasfascinatedwith
hisnewtoy.那孩子对他的新玩具着了迷。3.Emotionaladj情绪的、情感的Winning
gaveusemotionalsatisfaction.获胜给予我们感情上的满足。2)易动情的、感情脆弱的Sheisa
nemotionalwoman.她是个易动情的妇人。知识拓展Emotionn感情、情感Love,hatred
,andgriefareemotions.爱、恨和悲都是感情。4.energeticadj精力充沛的、积极的He
isanenergetictennisplayer.他是个精力充沛的网球手。知识拓展Energyn精力、
能量Theyareworkingwithenergy.他们真正干劲十足地工作。指点迷津Power、strength\for
ce1)power权力、能力、电力、强权Helosthispowerofspeech.他失去了说话的能力。2)s
trength力气Hehasn’tgotenoughstrengthtoremovethatstone.他没
有足够的力气搬走那块石头。3)force力量、暴力、武力、影响力Thewriterwriteswithforce.这
位作家的文章很有说服力。5.Adventurousadj有冒险精神的、大胆开拓的Tomwasverya
dventurous,alwayswillingtotrynewthings.汤姆富有冒险精神、总是愿意尝试新事物,
知识拓展Adventuren冒险、冒险经历Heisamanfullofadventure.他是一个充满冒
险精神的人。6.firmnessn坚定Ihaveneverdoubtedthefirmnessofhi
sbeliefinhisownabilities.我从来不怀疑他对自身能力的坚定信念。知识拓展Firmadj
坚定的Heisafirmbelieverintraditionalfamilyvalues.他坚信传统家庭观
。7.ambitionsadj有雄心的Beingquiteambitious,thechefworkedd
ayandnighttomakehisrestaurantasuccess.那位厨师雄心勃勃,为了使他的餐馆一举成
功,他夜以继日地工作着。常用搭配Beambitiousfor\ofsth\todo对某事有雄心的。Heisam
bitionsforsuccess\tosucceed.他很渴望成功。知识拓展Ambitionn雄心、抱负
Hersonwasfilledwithambitiontobecomeagreatinventor.她儿子
一心想成为伟大的发明家。8.relaxedadj放松的、冷静的Lyinginthebedandlisteni
ngtomusic,Tomfeltveryrelaxedandhappy.常用搭配Berelaxedabout
sth对某人放心的Myparentsarefairlyrelaxedaboutmestayingoutla
te.我在外面待到很晚父母非常放心。知识拓展Relaxv放松、缓和Sherelaxedhermindbylis
teningtomusic.她听听音乐使大脑得到休息。Relaxationn放松、休息、消遣Theremust
benorelaxationinourhighstandards.我们坚持高标准、决不容许有任何放松。Relaxi
ngadj令人轻松的Youcanlistentotherelaxingmusicinthebath.
你可以在洗澡的时候听轻松的音乐。9.familiaradj熟悉的常用搭配Sthbefamiliartosb
某事对于某人来说很熟悉Thispopsongisfamiliartomanypeople.许多人对这首流行歌曲很
熟悉。Sbbefamiliarwithsth.某人熟悉、通晓某事Iamveryfamiliarwiththe
lifeinQingdao,forIspentmychildhoodthere.我非常熟悉青岛的生活,因为我在那
儿度过了童年。10.rareadj稀少的、稀罕的Theseflowersareveryrareinthi
scountry.这些花在该国很少见。知识拓展Rarelyadv很少、难得Irarelyhavetimeto
readanewspaper.我很少有时间看报纸。11.injuryn伤害、损伤、损害Thedriverw
asrushedtoanearbyhospitalwithseriousleginjuries.司机由于腿部严重
受伤被迅速送到附近一家医院。知识拓展Injurev损害、伤害Hefellandinjuredhisback.
他摔倒了,背部受伤了。受伤的InjuredadjHisshoulderwasinjured.他肩部受伤了。指点
迷津Injury\harm\damage这一组词有“伤害、损害”的意思。1)injury主要指人的身心受损Overwork
didhimmuchinjury.超负荷劳动给他造成了很大的损害。2)harm相对于injury而言语气较弱,可用于身
体、名誉、权利、事业等损害。Badbooksdogreatharmtotheyoungpeopleinvari
ousways.坏书给年轻人造成多方面的损害。3)damage常用于物质上的损害(损坏)Anearthquakeofte
ncausesgreatdamage.地震常常造成很大的损害。12.stimulatev促进、激发Thego
vernmentwilldoeverythinginitspowertostimulateeconomicgr
owth.政府将竭尽全力去刺激经济发展知识拓展Stimulationn刺激、鼓舞Lazypeopleneedst
imulationtomakethemwork.懒人需要激励才能使他们工作。13.thusadv因而、从而She
alwaysfinishesherhomeworkontimeeveryday,thussettingasid
esometimeforpianopractice.他总是每天按时完成作业,这样能留出时间练钢琴。友情提示thus可
以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,表示与前句的因果关系。也可以后面加doing表示因果关系。Hedidn’tworkhard.
Thushewasfired.他工作不努力、因此被解雇。14.reliableadj可靠的、可信赖的Ifoun
dthistobeareliablebrandofwashingmachines.我觉得这是一种牌子可靠的洗衣机
。知识拓展RelyvRelyon依靠、指望常用搭配Relyonsb\sth(forsth\doing\todo)
依靠、指望某人、某物做Irelyonyouforgoodadvice.我仰仗你的好建议。15.symbolize
v象征、代表Thedovesymbolizespeace.鸽子象征和平。知识拓展Symboln象征、
标志、记号常用搭配Symbolofsth是...象征Thewhitebirdisasymboloffreed
om.这白色的鸟是自由的象征。Symbolicadj象征的、象征性的、作为象征的常用搭配Besymbolicof
sth象征.....的ThecrossissymbolicofChristianity.十字架是基督教的象征。II
KeyExpressions重点词组remind…………of使....想起(类似的人、地方、事物等Thoseol
dphotosremindmeofmyhappychildhood.那些老照片使我想起了快乐的童年时光。2.peac
eandquiet安宁、宁静Thewritermovedtothecountrytofindsomep
eaceandquiet.那位作家搬到了乡村以求安宁。3.Associate…….with……联想、联系The
Chineseoftenassociatedwithhappiness.中国人经常把红色和喜庆联系起来。4.thinko
f…..as…….把……看作…………近义词组regard……as..consider……..as……view……
.as……treat……as…..lookon……as…..NearlyeveryonethinksofMrS
mithassomeonetobetrusted.几乎所有人都认为史密斯先生是个值得信赖的人。KeySentenc
es重难点句子Thosewhopreferbluearecalmandincontrol,andprefe
rapeacefullife.prefer之后既可加不定式,又可接动名词,常用于以下三种结构:Prefer+不定式/动名词
Prefer+动名词+to+动名词Prefer+不定式+ratherthan+不定式(无to)Eg.Don’ttellm
ehissecret.Iprefernottoknow.incontrol在控制之中=undercontr
ol,beingcontrolledorgovernedE.g.Youshouldlearntokeepyou
rtemperincontrol.知识拓展outofcontrolnolongerundercontrol
失去控制E.g.Theplanegotoutofcontrolandcrashedintothesea.飞
机失控,坠入大海havecontrolofsth.Controlsth控制E.g.Theyhavegood
controlofhim.他们能够很好控制他.Losecontrolofsth.Notincontrola
tall失去控制E.g.Youshouldn’thavelostcontrolofyourtemperon
suchanoccasion.你不应该在这种场合发脾气。Greenmeansfirmness,adislikeof
changeandafearoffailure.本句中的dislike是名词E.g.Shetookanimmed
iatedisliketohim她一见面就不喜欢他知识拓展做动词时,dislike后可接名词,代词或动名词,不能接不定式
。E.g.Idislikeselfishpeople.我不喜欢自私的人。Eachcoloraffectsusin
adifferentway.1.affectv.影响E.g.Thechangeinclimatemayaffe
ctyourhealth.气候的变化可能影响你的健康。指点迷津:affect,effectaffect一般做动词用
,意为“影响,感动”E.g.Theentirecountrywasaffectedbydrought.整个国家都受
到旱灾的影响;effect常用作名词,有“影响,效果,作用”之意。E.g.Thedecorationsmadequite
aneffect.友情提示Effect的常见词组搭配有comeintoeffect(实行,实施),takeeffect
(生效,奏效)等。wayn.方面E.g.Thetwobrothersarealikeinmanyways.这
两兄弟在许多方面都相似。常用搭配Alltheway一直;从头到尾innoway决不inaway在某种程度
上;从某一点看;People’spulseratesdecreaseandtheyfeelmorerelaxed
whentheysee...指点迷津Decrease,reduce.Decrease可做名词,及物/不及物动词,意指“在
数量、大小、体积等方面逐渐变小”E.g.Decreasethedoseofmedicineasyoufeelbe
tter.reduce可做及物动词,意指“使......减少,降低,减低”E.g.Shesetherselftheta
skofreducingtheamountofwastetoaminimum.Itisnotonlyna
turalthatredshouldmakepeopletense..Itisnotnaturalthat.
..意为“.....是很正常的”知识拓展这个句型要注意从句用shoulddo,这是虚拟语气的一种用法。某些形容词在it
is...that...的句型里需要虚拟,例如:important,essential,strange,impossibl
e,surprising,regrettable,advisable,desirable,incredible等,sh
ould通常可以省略。E.g.ItisimportantthatI(should)speakwithMr.Jo
hnimmediately.我要立刻和约翰先生讲话,这很重要。tenseadj.紧张的;引起紧张的;E.g.Thesit
uationsuddenlybecametense.局部突然变得紧张起来。Notonlydoesitstimula
tetheappetite,butitalsomakespeoplefeelenergetic,sothat
aftertheyhaveeatentheywillleavemorequickly,thusmaking
spaceformorecustomers.notonly放在句首时需要用部分倒装,但在but(also)后面还
是要用陈述句语序。需注意的是,also属于引起注意的副词,通常放在需引起注意的副词之前。E.g.Notonlydidt
heparentsenjoytheholidaybutalsotheirchildrenhadagoodt
ime.不仅父母喜欢这次度假,而且他们的孩子也玩得很开心。sothat引导的是一个目的状语从句,从句中一般含有情态动词ca
n/couldmay/mightwill/wouldshould等。E.g.Shedecidedtodoa
part-timejobinthesummervacationsothatshecouldearnsome
moneytoaffordherdailyexpensesinthenextterm.她决定在暑假做兼职,这样
就能赚些钱来支付下学期的生活费。makespacefor...意为“为...腾出空间”Makespacefor=ma
keroomforE.g.Theyoungladymovedasideinordertomakespace
forthefatman.为了腾出空间给那位肥胖的男子坐,年轻女士往旁边移了一下。Thesepersuadepeopl
etothinkofthebankasasafeandreliableplace.Persuadesb
todosth“说服某人做某事”E.g.It’sawasteoftimepersuadinghimtogi
veupsmoking,forhealwaysturnsadeafeartoothers’advice.说
服他戒烟是浪费时间,因为他总是对别人的建议置之罔闻。8.Yellowmakesusthinkofsunshinean
dholidays,...此句为make+宾语+不带to的不定式结构。知识拓展“make/let+宾语”之后的不定式不可有to
.但make用作被动语态时,后面的不定式里的to不可省略。E.g.Moneymakesthemarego.有钱能使鬼
推磨助动词will,would,can,could,shall,should,may,might,must,d
o,does,did之后所接的不定式不可有toE.g.Weshouldbekindtoothers.我们应该善待
他人。在hadbetter,wouldrather等之后的结构不用to.E.g.Iwouldrathernotdr
inkanything.我宁愿什么都不喝。Colourisapowerfultool.指点迷津:tool,inst
rumenttool通常指手工劳动中使用的工具(以节省时间和劳力为目的),也可指任何为职业或工作所需的工具或手段。E.g.Ham
mers,saws,axes,etc.Arealltools.instrument指使用于科研或艺术活动中的器具;E
.g.Surgicalinstruments外科器具musicalinstruments乐器Morereadi
ngI.KeyWords重点单词wrapv.Tocoversomethingcompletelywithpap
erorothermaterials包装常用搭配Wrapsth(up)aroundsth.把...缠绕,包在.
..外面Wrapsth(up)insth.把...包在...里面E.g.Shewrappedascarfaro
undherneck.她把一条围巾围在脖子上。Circumstancen.Pl.Theconditionsand
factsthatareconnectedwithasituation,aneventoranaction
(复数)环境;状况常用搭配In/under...Circumstance在...情况下E.g.Innormalcircu
mstanceIwouldhaveresignedimmediately.在正常情况下,我本会马上辞职输完。offen
dv.Tomake(someone)upsetbecauseofsomethingonesaysordoes
thatisrudeorembarrassing.冒犯;得罪E.g.Iwillnotfeeloffended
ifyoudonotagreewithme.即使你不同意,我也不会介意的。知识拓展Offense/offence
n.Upsetandhurtfeelingsofannoyance,oftenbecausesomeoneha
srudeorshownalackofrespect冒犯,得罪E.g.Shemeantnooffense
bytheremark.她说那句话并无恶意。embarrassv.Tomake(someone)feelshy,
awkwardorashamed,especiallyinasocialsituation使窘迫E.g.No
tbeingabletoanswerthequestioncorrectly,thegirlfeltvery
embarrassed.由于不能正确回答这个问题,女孩感觉很尴尬。常用搭配Beembarrassesby/with...
被...弄的窘迫E.g.Arthurseemedtobeembarrassedbythequestion.亚瑟似乎
被这个问题弄得有些窘迫。知识拓展Embarrassmentn.Somethingthatmakesyouembar
rassed窘迫,难堪E.g.Myfaceturnedredwithembarrassed我窘得脸都红了;Pro
sperityn.Thestateofbeingsuccessful,especiallyfinancially繁荣
E.g.Wewishyouhealth,happiness,andprosperity.我们祝愿你健康,幸福,事业
兴旺。知识拓展Prosperousadjsuccessful,usuallybyearningalotof
money繁荣的E.g.Shanghaiisaprosperouscity.上海是一个繁荣的城市。6.funera
ln.aceremony,usuallyareligiousone,forburyingadeadperson
葬礼e.g.Whenishisfuneral?他的葬礼何时举行?Thefuneralwasheldatthe
footofthemountain.葬礼在山脚下举行。7.mourningn.Sadnessthatisshow
norfeltbecausesomeonehasdied哀悼e.g.Everyonewasinmournin
gforthepeoplewhodiedintheWenchuanEarthquake.每个人都在为汶川地震中的
遇难者哀悼。【知识拓展】mournv.tofeelorexpressgreatsadness,especially
becauseofsomeone’sdeath哀悼e.g.Thetribesmenaremourningthed
eathoftheirchief.那部落里的人正在哀悼他们首领的去世。8.briden.awomenonherwe
ddingday,orjustbeforeorafterit新娘;即将(或刚刚)结婚的女子e.g.Thebrid
elookedherbestinherwhiteweddingdress.那位新娘穿上白色的婚纱看上去最美了。9
.virtuen.[formal]behaviourorattitudesthatshowhighmoralsta
ndards高尚的道德;德行e.g.Kindness,honestyandcouragearehisvirtues
.善良、诚实和勇敢是他的美德。Heismanofgreatvirtue.他是一个品德高尚的人。【知识拓展】virtuo
usadj.you有道德的;善良的10.purityn.astateorqualityofbeingmorall
ygood纯洁;纯净e.g.Weadmireditspurityofform.我们崇拜它纯正的形式。Though
hisactionshadabadeffect,noonedoubtedthepurityofhismo
tives.尽管他的行为造成了负面影响,却没有人怀疑他的动机是好的。【知识拓展】pureadj.notmixedwith
anythingelse纯洁的,纯净的e.g.purewater/good/cotton纯净水/纯金/纯棉Th
eairbytheseaispureandhealthy.海边的空气清新又有益健康。purifyv.to
removebadsubstancesfromsomethingtomakeitpure净化e.g.Plan
tshelptopurifytheair.植物能净化空气。11.smartadj.welldressedin
fashionableand/orformalclothes光鲜的;漂亮的e.g.Theyoungladylo
okedverysmartinthatredjacket.那位年轻女士穿着红色夹克衫,看上去非常漂亮。【知识拓展】sm
artadj.聪明的e.g.Whatasmartboy!多么聪明的男孩呀!12.unpackv.tomake
thingsoutofasuitcase,bag,etc.打开(箱、包等)取e.g.Sheunpackedhe
rsuitcaseassoonasshearrivedhome.她一到家就打开行李箱,取出里面的东西。Ⅱ.Ke
yExpressions重点词组1.dependontobeaffectedordecidedby(somet
hing)取决于【常用搭配】dependonsb./sth.(forsth./doing/todo…)依靠/取决于某
人/某物(做某事)e.g.Thecountrydependsheavilyonforeignaid.这个国家非常依
赖于外国资助。【知识拓展】bedependentonadj.依靠,取决于e.g.It''sveryeasyto
becomedependentonsleepingpills.很容易就会对安眠药产生依赖。2.makeadi
fferencetohaveaneffect(onsomeoneorsomething)有影响e.g.Itw
on''tmakeadifferencewhetheryougotodayortomorrow.无论你今天去或是
明天去没有多大区别。3.sticktotocontinuedoingorusing(something)坚持做
(某事)【常用搭配】sticktosth./doingsth.坚持某事/做某事e.g.Whateverd
ifficultieshefaced,hestucktohisbeliefs.不管遇到什么困难,他还是坚守信念。
4.mistake…fortothinkwronglythat(someoneorsomething)is(s
omeoneorsomethingelse)把…错当成e.g.Thetwosisterslookedsoa
likethatIoftenmistookonefortheother.那姐妹俩长得太像了,以至于我经常把她俩混
淆。Ⅲ.KeySentences重难点句子1.Sinceitisthecolourofwinter,the
timewhenplantsshedtheirleavesanddie,itisconsideredtob
eacolourofdeathandmourninginsomecountries.(1)since意为“既
然;由于”,引导一个原因状语从句。e.g.Sinceyoucan''tanswerthequestion,wehav
etoasksomeoneelse.既然你无法回答这个问题。我们只能再问别人。(2)beconsidered(to
be)被认为是……e.g.Heisconsideredagoodleader.他被认为是个优秀的领导人。【知识
拓展】含有consider的其他常用搭配;considerdoing考虑做某事considerthat…认为……
e.g.Heisconsideringgoingabroadforfurtherstudy.他正考虑出国留学。
语法归纳总结主语从句(SubjectiveClause)在句中做主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句是名词性从句的一种,通常放在主
句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。从句通常由that,whether或其他疑问代词引导。(一)that引导
的主语从句1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:(1)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,na
tural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,pro
bable,etc.)+that从句。e.g.Itiscertainthattheboywilldowell
inhisexam.(2)It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。e.g.It''sapitythattheycan''tgo.(3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。e.g.ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinNanjing.在口语和非正式文体中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,that总是不必要的,但that从句位于句首时,连词that是绝对不能省略的。e.g.It’sapity(that)you’releaving.你要走,真遗憾。疑问词引导的主语从句主语从句也可以由疑问词引导,如:who、why、where、how和what。这类主语从句的语序通常是陈述句语序而不是疑问句语序。e.g.Itisnosecretwhybanksliketousemoreserious,restfulcolourssuchasblue,brownandgreen.为什么银行喜欢用诸如蓝色、褐色和绿色等更严肃和宁静的颜色就不是什么秘密了。whether引导的主语从句主语从句也可以由whether引导,描述两种不同的可能性。这两种可能性常由or连接。e.g.Itcanmakeabigdifferencewhetheryouwearredorwhitetoawedding.你穿红色还是白色去参加婚礼是有很大区别的。主语从句中只能用whether,不能用it。e.g.Whetherhewillcomeisstillnotdecided.他是否回来仍然没有决定。【友情提示】主语从句都是陈述句语序。what和that的区别。what=thething(s)that,它本身在从句中充当某个成分,主语,宾语或表语,其含义为“所做/说/想的”。而that在从句中不充当成分。e.g.Whathesaidisimportanttome.他说的话对我很重要。www.xuesitang.cnwww.xuesitang.cn4
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