2001年10月2日清晨,受雇于American Media Inc.的图片编辑Robert Stevens由于高烧不退、神志不清被送进美国佛罗里达州一家医院。10月3日,Stevens被诊断为肺炎。10月4日,医院发表声明,认为Stevens接触了吸入性的炭疽细菌(anthrax)。10月5日,Stevens不幸去世,成为美国2001年炭疽攻击事件中的第一个去世的受害者。 图1 带有炭疽细菌的信件(图源自网络) 图2 美国联邦调查局发布的悬赏通知(图源自网络) 图3 Scientist admits mistake on anthrax, Los Angeles Times, Sept. 12, 2008(图源自网络) 图4 Bruce Edwards Ivins博士(图源自网络) ![]() 枯草芽孢杆菌(SEM照片,上) ![]() 图6 硅元素(Si)是地壳中第二丰富的元素(图片修改自网络) 图7 硅藻(电子显微镜下照片) 图8 李金华研究员(左)和硕士研究生张衡(右)在陕西西安未央湖采集湖底沉积物样品 图9 A. WYHC-5的光学显微镜照片显示细胞内纳米尺寸的磁小体链和亚微米尺寸的球状颗粒物。B. 单个磁铁矿(Fe3O4)磁小体颗粒的高分辨透射电镜图像。C. WYHC-5细胞内的子弹头形磁小体。 图10 透射电镜技术分析WYHC-5细胞内颗粒物成分和结构。A. 两个代表性WYHC-5细胞的高角环形暗场扫描透射电镜图像(HAADF-STEM);B. WYHC-5细胞的局部放大图(HAADF-STEM);C-D. O和Si元素分布的伪彩图(STEM-EDXS elemental maps)。 图11 趋磁球菌WYHC-5细胞沉硅酶的蛋白质分子建模和结构分析 作者简介:何雨旸,博士,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 特聘副研究员。从事交叉学科研究,工作涵盖地球化学、量子力学、化学反应动力学、流体力学、非线性力学等。 相关文章和参考文献(向下滑动查看): 李金华*,刘沛余, Menguy Nicolas,张兴亮,王建,Benzerara Karim,冯连君,孙磊,郑越,孟繁琦,谷林,Leroy Eric,郝佳龙,储雪蕾,潘永信, Intracellular silicification by early-branching magnetotactic bacteria. Sci. Adv., 2022, 8(19), eabn6045 李金华*,刘沛余,塔玛夏·阿力玛,张衡,刘延,王建,MenguyNicolas,赵翔,Roberts Andrew P,潘永信, Diverse intracellular inclusion types within magnetotactic bacteria: implications for biogeochemical cycling in aquatic environments, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosciences, 2021, 126, e2021JG006310. 李金华*,刘沛余,王建,Roberts Andrew P,潘永信, Magnetotaxis as an adaptation to enable bacterial shuttling of microbial sulfur and sulfur cycling across aquatic oxic-anoxic interfaces, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosciences, 2020, 125(12), e2020JG006012. 李金华*,Menguy Nicolas,Leroy Eric,Roberts Andrew P,刘沛余,潘永信, Biomineralization and magnetism of uncultured magnetotactic coccus strain THC-1 with non-chained magnetosomal magnetite nanoparticles, J. Geophys.Res. Solid Earth, 2020, 125: e2020JB020853. 刘沛余,塔玛夏·阿力玛,刘延,邱浩,潘俊潼,金众可,赵翔,Roberts Andrew P,潘永信,李金华*, Identification and characterization of magnetotactic Gammaproteobacteria from a salt evaporation pool, Bohai Bay, China, Environ. Microbial., 2022, 24(2): 938-950. 刘沛余,刘延,任心宜,张志飞,赵翔,Roberts Andrew P,潘永信,李金华*, A novel magnetotactic Alphaproteobacterium producing intracellular magnetite and amorphous calcium-bearing minerals, Appl.Environ. Microbiol., 2021, 87(23): e01556-21. 刘沛余,刘延,赵翔,RobertsAndrew P,张衡,郑越,王芙仙,王禄山,Menguy Nicolas,潘永信,李金华*, Diverse phylogeny and morphology of magnetite biomineralized by magnetotactic cocci, Environ. Microbial., 2021, 23(2): 1115-1129. Baines, S.B., Twining, B.S., Brzezinski, M.A., Krause, J.W., Vogt, S.,Assael, D., McDaniel, H., 2012. Significant silicon accumulation by marine picocyanobacteria. Nature Geoscience 5, 886-891. Bhattacharjee, Y., Enserink, M., 2008. Anthrax investigation. FBI discusses microbial forensics--but key questions remain unanswered. Science 321, 1026-1027. Conley, D.J., Frings, P.J., Fontorbe, G., Clymans, W., Stadmark, J.,Hendry, K.R., Marron, A.O., De La Rocha, C.L., 2017. Biosilicification Drives a Decline of Dissolved Si in the Oceans through Geologic Time. Frontiers in Marine Science 4, 397. Gilbert Pupa, U.P.A., Bergmann Kristin, D., Boekelheide, N., Tambutté, S.,Mass, T., Marin, F., Adkins Jess, F., Erez, J., Gilbert, B., Knutson, V.,Cantine, M., Hernández Javier, O., Knoll Andrew, H., 2022. Biomineralization: Integrating mechanism and evolutionary history. Science Advances 8, eabl9653. Hendry, K.R., Marron, A.O., Vincent, F., Conley, D.J., Gehlen, M.,Ibarbalz, F.M., Queguiner, B., Bowler, C., 2018. Competition between Silicifiers and Non-silicifiers in the Past and Present Ocean and Its Evolutionary Impacts. Frontiers in Marine Science 5, 22. Hirota, R., Hata, Y., Ikeda, T., Ishida, T., Kuroda, A., 2010. The Silicon Layer Supports Acid Resistance of Bacillus cereus Spores. Journal of Bacteriology 192, 111-116. Kalderon-Asael, B., Katchinoff, J.A.R., Planavsky, N.J., Hood, A.v.S.,Dellinger, M., Bellefroid, E.J., Jones, D.S., Hofmann, A., Ossa, F.O.,Macdonald, F.A., Wang, C., Isson, T.T., Murphy, J.G., Higgins, J.A., West,A.J., Wallace, M.W., Asael, D., Pogge von Strandmann, P.A.E., 2021. Alithium-isotope perspective on the evolution of carbon and silicon cycles. Nature 595, 394-398. Lin, W., Paterson, G.A., Zhu, Q.Y., Wang, Y.Z.,Kopylova, E., Li, Y., Knight, R., Bazylinski, D.A., Zhu, R.X., Kirschvink,J.L., Pan, Y.X., 2017. Origin of microbial biomineralization and magnetotaxis during the Archean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States of America 114, 2171-2176. Marron, A., Ratcliffe, S., Wheeler, G., Goldstein,R., King, N., Not, F., de Vargas, C., Richter, D., 2016. The Evolution of Silicon Transport in Eukaryotes. Molecular biology and evolution 33, 3226–3248. Matsumoto, G., 2003. Bioterrorism. Anthrax powder: state of the art? Science 302, 1492-1497. 编辑:何雨旸 校对:刘强 转载内容仅代表作者观点 不代表中科院物理所立场 来源:中科院地质地球所 |
|