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石为园之魂 中国四大名园之苏州留园

 李军顽石 2022-06-01 发布于重庆

    留园位于姑苏区留园路,始建于明代,最早为太僕寺少卿徐泰时的私家园林,为世界文化遗产,是中国和苏州四大名园之一。

    留园几度兴废,屡易主人,最终形成典型的清代风格。

    四大名园中,留园面积最小,仅有35亩,但却因园景绝美和太湖石奇绝而天下闻名 

    冠云峰位列留园三宝之首,为镇园之石,相传为宋徽宗的花石纲遗石。

    冠云峰重5吨,高6.5米,是江南园林中最高大的太湖石,它高耸挺立,四展如冠,是集瘦秀皱透之美于一身的精典。

冠云峰

    冠云峰立于浣云沼前,有瑞云岫云两峰太湖石侍立左右,三者并称留园姐妹三峰。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/DA/EA/CoNHdWG_XYgCZjwVABTtHAaZJaY.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

瑞云峰

    盛宣怀的父亲盛康曾是留园的主人,盛康还给自己的三个女儿分别取名为:冠云岫云瑞云

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岫云峰

    三峰下,小峰石笋堆列,花草绿植点缀,不出城郭而获山林之趣

    冠云楼、冠云台、冠云亭均为观峰之所。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/C8/F4/CoNGXmG_XZcEYyr8ABRPSPHvm-o.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

冠云亭

    在冠云楼下的白墙上,嵌有留园三宝之一的鱼化石,石上的水草和20多条游鱼栩栩如生。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/30/05/CoNK6WG_QUIyMSS7AAnqgHrpzMc.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    在鱼化石上方,挂着书法大师沈尹默题写的匾额仙苑停云,意指冠云峰与美景相映,宛若仙景。

    留园太湖石数不胜数,列于各处,以孤赏为主。

    “独秀峰”形若米芾拜石,留园第二位主人,书画家刘恕(蓉峰)便将旁边的书屋取名为揖峰轩,将周围一组庭院称为“石林小院”。

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独秀峰

   他用廊、轩等要素将100平方的小空间分割成互通的六个小院,除独秀峰外,还立有晚翠、迎晖、段锦、竞爽、“鹰斗猎狗峰”等太湖石峰。

    芭蕉、紫藤、竹子、湖石、石笋等共处园中,还形成一幅幅以石为主画面的框景。

https://note./img/ff/95/e08066e1005db089492d57d1f3b8618c.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

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古藤峰石

    五峰仙馆又名楠木厅,是苏州最大的单体园林建筑,为江南园林厅堂的精华之冠。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/85/07/CoNFtWG_WNtNCd6RAAxFmRlYYUs.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    馆内的云南点苍山大理石座屏直径达1.4米,名为幽谷明月图,有“雨后静观山”、“风前闲看月”意境,为留园三宝之一。

https://note./img/f9/af/b83e03cf4f8cfc5826c0ebc8fa02f55a.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    仙馆南面的太湖石假山按庐山五老峰形象堆砌,中间的三层台阶俗称山阶,寓意连登三级

https://p1-q./s19/M00/99/F3/CoNK6WG_WOJshQ5fABb9hJWbVAk.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    盛康将所得的文征明停云馆峰石置于馆内后,才改名为五峰仙馆,仙馆北院内也是湖石起伏。

https://note./img/1f/f7/643f261d793c5892d46a59b9ad554539.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    留园中部的假山由苏州尧峰山的黄石(尧峰石)堆叠,古朴刚劲。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/F8/74/CoNEk2G79AcNDicZABfGqjEulZk.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    到“闻木樨香轩”有一条山路,路面为漂亮拼图。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/50/64/CoNFtWG79AtgpZodABRtVT2YjNI.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    假山西北的溪涧上有一座平板石桥,显山野之气。

苏州留园高清大图

    两侧悬崖陡峭,有高山流水之象。

https://note./img/79/0c/7bea8020aef5c05c0ae429e98cd579de.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

     “闻木樨(桂花)香轩位于黄石假山最高处。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/63/9D/CoNGXmG8gBBb5nFJABaqxyfv-yM.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    断霞峰立于黄石假山的近水处,为留园18景之一,石上刻有其名。

https://note./img/d5/4e/c00de42968855e39b55e7fb65e3fa3c1.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

断霞峰

    可亭谐音可停与石为伴,与池南建筑互为对景。

https://p1-q./s18/M00/76/5A/CoUBYGBseYyAOkCcABlMAwYm83s401.jpg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

 https://p1-q./s19/M00/04/2E/CoNEk2G_UKIA57rCABoMNXCxhmE.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://p1-q./s19/M00/04/EB/CoNHdWG_UKwYGVffABvp2VJJeus.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    舒啸亭建于假山上,亭下有山溪。

https://note./img/fd/19/efb83d4c59956b79f368bf6b43e4ff85.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

舒啸亭

https://p1-q./s19/M00/79/41/CoNEk2G_RIYtScRcABwCbDPB_jA.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    小溪有树掩映,溪中金鱼漫游。

https://p1-q./s18/M00/23/83/CoUBYGBtKn2AGTl4ABezZHHNNkw987.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    曲溪楼临水,其八角形小门可框景。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/7A/63/CoNIE2G8gH1HDYalABJHRnI99JY.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://p1-q./s19/M00/BD/5D/CoNIE2G8pPFqIWvgAA1h8dK64AA.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    清风池馆为水榭,有假山配景。

https://p1-q./s18/M00/23/B2/CoUBYGBtKp6AEBEyABKrYt1sTA4885.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    “君子所履方亭有一空窗,窗外竹石如清雅国画挂在壁上。

https://note./img/26/3c/43ef612979ed03261d5037d2a3969150.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    “朵云峰立于远翠阁前,为文征明停云馆旧物。

https://note./img/19/a3/6af6aac6eca4d692dc33b444f418ffc1.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    远翠阁前的庭院有苏州园林最古青石花台,为明代遗物。

https://note./img/86/7d/918121cb80241b022290715bae7929ef.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://p1-q./s18/M00/75/D8/CoUBYGBseTyAeqm1ABEcmBnUsf4458.jpg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

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    上面刻多种吉祥动植物图案,地面为精美拼图。

    小蓬莱是水池中的小岛,上有曲桥相连,架有亭式紫藤棚,旁有湖石陪衬,黄石上刻有其名。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/30/15/CoND5WG8gEkmmfVGAA53pKWxidU.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://ss0./70cFuHSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=4259821279,620181433&fm=26&gp=0.jpg

    “汲古得修绠”是一间书房,室外湖石成群。

https://note./img/7f/25/0444587d50198e6dc3d72f1c742c2c3f.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    林泉耆硕之馆意为德高望重者的游憩处, 北厅为男主人会客赏石处,挂有林泉嗜硕之馆匾。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/CF/0D/CoNKrmG_WNg_nHhIAA6YIvp-eLw.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    南厅为女主人会客听曲处,悬有奇石寿太古匾,匾下刻有冠云峰图

https://p1-q./s19/M00/59/33/CoNK6WG_WNFYBO0NAAxm2EQlgeA.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

https://p1-q./s19/M00/8F/B3/CoNBKGG8pXIecrJWAA21MftUI0I.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

     “东园一角鹅卵石铺地,白皮松下湖石众多,以留园18景之一的日华峰最有名。

https://note./img/20/75/faa5ea0d35aedd4d36da38b94e3ab6ef.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

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    盆景园占地1500平方,充满江南田野之趣。

https://p1-q./s18/M00/76/50/CoUBYGBseYeAY-J6ABHo22G1Mg4178.jpg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    刘恕曾著《石林小院记》,《晚翠峰记》,并刻石于廊壁。

    他花20年集成寒碧庄十二峰,并撰文作记。

    十二峰被巧置于各处,大画家王学浩为之作了十二峰图画卷,进士潘奕隽为之配诗十二首。

    一云峰:

位于明瑟楼旁,如云帆挡住石径大半,有峰回路转之妙。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/CB/40/CoNFtWG_SUhVZ0C5ABOrwOsXNLA.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    干霄峰:

    立于石林小院,是十二峰中唯一的斧劈石,有豪气干云气势。

https://note./img/5a/b8/dfe26199208c6f41762ae299e3ded0d1.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    鸡冠峰:

    立于西楼旁小石板桥边,其鸡冠肥大下垂,又似象鼻,故又称象石

https://note./img/c0/96/e0d7439328da24b7aed096e3071f541c.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    猕猴峰:

    立于五峰仙馆旁的庭院,形如老猴。

https://note./img/ec/6a/3aab733d62942b1fa3316429fb5cc99b.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

     拂袖峰:

    立于东园一角,石身伸出的一角如古人袍袖。

 https://ss2.meipian.me/users/9248065/14006aaa314c4577858deda9f9965efd.jpg?imageView2/2/w/750/h/1400/q/80 

    箬帽峰:

    立于冠云楼旁,形如佝着背,头戴竹帽的小老头,潘奕隽诗云:不必低头效苦吟。

    奎宿峰:

临池立于曲溪楼前,状若二十八星宿中的奎星。

https://note./img/4e/99/e143f9c2f89179154cf9c68f53889fcd.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    累粟峰:

    当窗立于“还我读书斋”外,全身布满黄色粟状颗粒。

     玉女峰:

    立于绿荫轩西侧,风姿如南京莫愁女塑像。

https://p1-q./s19/M00/67/01/CoNKrmG7888WZHpXABKrXKZ933o.JPG?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

      印月峰:

    临池立于濠濮亭前,涡孔倒影在水中有如圆月。 

https://note./img/63/fc/203281dbe9cc91f5fdbf26a0eccf6330.jpeg?imageView2%2F2%2Fw%2F680%2Fq%2F90%7CimageMogr2%2Fstrip%2Fquality%2F90

    青芝峰:

    当窗立于西楼外,状若农人耕田。后人整修留园时,为打造狮虎豹形象,在石顶上叠了一块湖石。

     仙掌峰:

    立于五峰仙馆北面的庭院,状若向天张开的手掌。

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