   錾 雕刻技艺 最传统的金属 刻 The most traditional metal carving techniques ——Chisel carving 最传统的金属雕刻技艺——錾刻    錾刻，作为我国传统手工艺技法之一，迄今已有两千多年的历史，尤其是皇家錾刻技艺最为精湛，当时造办处为皇帝制作的御用之器，堪称鬼斧神工，令人称绝。 Chisel carving, as one of China's traditional handicraft techniques, has a history of more than 2,000 years, and the royal chisel carving skills are the most exquisite. At that time, the imperial wares, made for the emperor by the Office of the Imperial Palace, could be called the uncanny workmanship of nature and they were marvelous and amazing and they were praised amazingly.  錾刻技法是利用金、银、铜等金属材料的延展性对器物进行再加工的一种复杂技艺，随着玉石器、骨角器等加工技术演化而来。一般是将需要加工的金属材料锤薄，再用錾子錾刻出浮雕的效果或錾上丰富的纹饰。 Chisel carving technique is a complex technique to reprocess utensils by using the malleability of gold, silver and copper, which evolved with the processing technology of jade ware and horn implement. Generally, the metal materials need to be processed by malleating, and then the relief effect or the abundant decorations need to be carved by the chisel.  传承与发展 Inheritance and development   左右滑动查看更多 历史上錾刻工艺的传承，多是在小手工做坊中以师傅带徒弟、口传心授、手把手教的形式出现。錾刻不仅要求艺人们有较高的艺术天赋和精湛过硬的技艺水平，而且心、手、力均还需通融配合。但由于机械工艺的不断更新换代，錾刻技艺曾步入衰退并溯临失传。 In the history, chisel carving technique mostly passed on in the form of master teaching apprentice, oral instruction and teaching hand in hand in small handicraft workshops. Chisel carving technique not only requires craftsman to have a high artistic talent and exquisite craftsmanship, but also requires craftsman's concentration to coordinate precision with power control. However, due to the continually updating of the machine technology, chisel carving technique once declined and almost lost. 20世纪80年代，随着建筑、宗教、装饰等文化艺术的迫切需求，錾刻工艺开始进入新的发展历程。呈现在国人面前古朴、典雅、细腻的錾刻工艺品独具高雅的艺术魅力，錾刻技艺才得以重新放射光芒。其在风格上更追求新颖、完美；在造型上更趋别致、精巧；在工艺上更需细腻、传神；在材质上更显色泽光亮。 In the 1980s, with the urgent development demand of architecture, religion, decoration and other culture and arts, chisel carving technique came into a new development stage. The antique, elegant and exquisite handicrafts with classy artistic charm presented in front of the people allowed chisel carving technique to be refreshing. It pursued being novel and perfect in style, being chicer and more exquisite in shape, being more delicate and vivid in the process, being brighter and glossier in the material. 进入21世纪，各种新工艺的更新，为现代錾刻工艺的发展提供了更广阔的空间。工艺品的工业化生产大大提高了生产效率，推动了社会的文明进步，但纯手工錾刻的工艺品以其渊源的历史文化背景，给国人以更接近自然、环保、古朴的感觉。手工錾刻保持着一种原始的随意性，同时它精雕细刻、变化丰富、生动表现人类心灵和精巧，也减少了造型上的重复，从而别具一格。 In the 21st century, the updating of all kinds of new techniques has provided more opportunities for the development of modern chisel carving technique. The industrial production of handicrafts has greatly improved the productivity and promoted the progress of social civilization，but the hand-carved handicrafts provide people a more natural, environmental friendly and quaint sense with its historical and cultural background. Handicraft maintains original randomness, at the same time it’s precision carving and rich variation vividly shows human intelligence and ingenuity, and also reduces the repetition of the shape that allows handcrafts to have a unique style. 那些惊艳世人的錾刻国宝 Those amazing chisel-carved national treasures 1.金瓯永固杯 Chalice of Eternal Stability 金瓯永固杯，一直是清代帝王的传家之宝。它还是清代皇帝每年元旦举行开笔仪式时专用的酒器，寓意大清的疆土、政权永固。 Chalice of Eternal Stability, has been the heirloom of Qing Dynasty's emperor. It was also a special drinking vessel for the Qing Dynasty's emperor when the first writing ceremony was held on every New Year's day, meaning the stabilization of Qing Dynasty's territory and regime. 2.金嵌珠錾花杯 Golden chiseled bead and flower cup 这套金质杯盘为清宫内务府造办处所制，豪华富丽，是宫廷举行大宴时供皇帝使用的。目前带有“万寿无疆”赞词的清代金质酒杯还很少见。 This set of gold cup and plate, made by the Office of the Imperial Palace, was luxurious and splendid, and it was used by the emperor when a big banquet was held in the palace. Now Qing Dynasty's gold wine cups with the praise of “ Eternal life”are still rare. 3.金錾花扁壶 Golden chiseled flower flat pot 此为清代皇帝的御用酒具，金壶上錾刻图案使其愈显豪华富丽。錾刻是金属工艺的一种，被较多地运用在各种金器工艺品上。 This was the imperial wine set of Qing Dynasty's emperor. The pattern on the gold pot made it more luxurious and splendid. Chisel carving is a kind of metal craft, which is widely used in all kinds of gold crafts. 参考资料： 1.https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1663483616273466468&wfr=spider&for=pc 錾刻──具有2000多年历史的中国传统技法 2.http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_16ed223410102xje7.html 錾刻——中国传统手工艺百花园中的一枝奇葩 3.https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1632784583170011588&wfr=spider&for=pc 那些惊艳世人的錾刻国宝 |
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