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作者：戏剧化评论员 原创，转载须注明作者和出处。  Chiang Kai-shek's蒋纬国 adopted son, Chiang Wei-kuo, with other National Revolutionary Army members in Shanghai 去年12月底，笔者分布写过1949年美国记者所摄大量照片上篇：大撤退和解放前夕的上海，1949年美国记者所摄大量照片中篇：全面大撤退，和1949年美国记者所摄大量照片下篇：上海解放和广州的撤退，前几日发了一篇外国人拍摄1949年刚刚解放的上海街头景象，读者们对这几篇都很感兴趣。借此雅兴，继续秉承基本不重复的原则，作此续篇。  China, preparing artillery for Nationalist defense effort in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 第一张图是蒋纬国来上海前线，蒋经国和蒋纬国这时候都在上海，老蒋在复兴岛呆了一段时间。蒋纬国的专业是装甲兵，很大程度是防范一些部队临时倒戈，也确实发生了一些。  China, armored vehicle in Shanghai street during Civil War of 1949 因为大家都明白，上海的财富运走之后，打一下维护体面，肯定要上船，但不是所有人都能走。上海的守军20多万，分属几个派系，有的部队是抬轿子的，有的部队是坐轿子的。  China, Harrison Forman interviewing Chinese soldiers on Shanghai front.1949  China, injured Nationalist soldiers in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 上海战役进展速度比江浙城市慢得多，主要是因为希望保全住上海，因为上海对新中国很重要。所以打起来比较束缚，小心翼翼。  Major General Liu Chih-kuo poses in Shanghai, having removed all insignia in case of capture during Civil War of 1949  China, soldiers waiting behind earthen bunker in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 国民党那边一是运东西走，二是打一下在国际上希望能给外国人看看。当时驻外使节对美国谈亚洲北约，纠缠不停，美国人很烦，放话即使成立亚洲北约，美国不参加。  China, soldiers in Shanghai gathered around horse-drawn cart loaded with supplies during Civil War of 1949 话说到这个份上，外国干涉这个梦自然化为泡影。美军驻华力量主要在青岛，最多时拥有三万陆战队，一百多艘舰船和几百架飞机。1949年5月，也就是上海战役同时，美军开始撤离青岛。沪宁杭一带并没有什么外国驻华作战部队，即使想帮也帮不上。  China, soldiers moving tank into position in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 青岛的撤退基本上也没打，在美军若有若无的保护下，国民党军队带着青岛的大中专学生、大量物资，包括青岛啤酒生产线上了船，共计约10万人从青岛撤走。后来的台湾啤酒就是这么来的，青岛撤退之前抓了不少壮丁，一起带到台湾。台湾的江苏、浙江、山东人数量差不多，其实山东人很多就是那次青岛撤过去的。  China, casuality of Civil War of 1949 in Shanghai 上海这边的最高守卫机构是京沪杭警备司令部，汤司令是一把手，江苏省主席丁治磐是副总司令。上海除了市区，周围属江苏省，但是丁治磐很快脱身，带着江苏省的一干人马来到了崇明。  China, National Revolutionary Army soldiers in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 国民党江苏的地方部队被临时编为123军和暂1军，123军由江苏保安部队改编，暂编第1军是苏南的地方武装改编。省主席丁治磐带着暂1军去了崇明，当时崇明有几家布厂，丁主席拿着布去上海卖钱，补贴江苏省各县随军撤退人员和部队。当时在崇明的江苏省军政人员，有时一天两顿饭，干一顿稀一顿，日子过得很不容易，而崇明百姓养着这么一只大军，更是不容易，负担很重。 China, National Revolutionary Army soldiers preparing for battle in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 China, mounted police moving down Shanghai street in formation during Civil War of 1949 之所以去崇明，为的是可以上船。丁治磐判断解放军会先打上海，回手再攻崇明。果然不出所料，上海战役打到市区时，许多船只从上海开往崇明，丁治磐让人扣住这些船，尽可能多地将人马撤走，去了当时属于江苏的嵊泗，然后转移台湾。 China, National Revolutionary Army soldier in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 打着打着，国民党这头运输得差不多了，也坚守了几十天，开始考虑撤走。 China, tank moving into position in rural Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 China, surveying area near Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 当时的上海市区老百姓，除了一直存在的物价飞涨问题，并没有受多少战争影响。 People standing in line in Shanghai to exchange old Nationalist currency for new Communist currency,1949 China, man getting his boots shined during Civil War of 1949.Shanghai 前文说过，半年期间物价涨了几万倍，再有钱的人都吃不消。早日解放对普通人而言，是切身好事，至少不用为米煤担心。 China, spectators watching prisoners being executed from nearby buildings in Shanghai.1949 China, man selling wares in Shanghai's Bund during Civil War of 1949 早在几个月前，上海的有钱人都撤光了，只剩部分公务员和军队。由于南京的撤退比较混乱，这次上海的公务员把账册都弄得比较清楚，后来接收的时候也比较顺利。 China, begging in Shanghai street during final days of Nationalist governance during Civil War of 1949 02.China, woman in Shanghai receiving relief funds during Civil War of 1949 Shanghai (China), washing clothes 对于老百姓而言，上海的失业率非常高，各地逃难来的人居高不下，这个问题长期存在。 China, hungry protesters haggling with food vendors in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 China, people lined up for relief funds in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 物资供应后来采取配给制，因为上海被包围，东西陆路进不来，从台湾运了不少煤炭过来。 China, people in Shanghai receiving relief funds during Civil War of 1949 China, refugee holding war relief funds in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 总体而言，上海的社会秩序还是稳当的。 Shanghai (China), people walking along shops in business district.1949 Shanghai (China), Chinese and American publications on display at a newsstand.1949 日常生活和以前差不多，没有出现什么混乱局面。 Shanghai (China), officer standing in front of British Consulate gate.1949 China, man in Shanghai scrutinizing coins to determine authenticity during Civil War of 1949 Shanghai (China), the queue for receiving war relief funds.1949 最后，上海20多万守军，撤走了小一半人马，根据对岸的统计撤出去11万2431人。 China, spectators watching prisoners being executed from nearby buildings in Shanghai.1949 China, soldiers boarding Shanghai street car while policeman approaches photographer during Civil War of 1949 Shanghai (China), street scene with townspeople and baskets.1949 上海市区的战争破坏，在解放军看来越小越好，这些国民党军队撤走越多，市区战斗就越少。 .China, soldiers in Shanghai preparing equipment for evacuation during Civil War of 1949 .China, soldiers in Shanghai preparing equipment for evacuation during Civil War of 1949 撤退的时候，一些太太穿着军装，违规上了登陆舰，睁一只眼闭一只眼也过去了。 China, man carrying large crate containing money in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 China, Nationalist troops queued up in Shanghai street during Civil War of 1949 China, people and vehicles congested behind a blockade at docks during Civil War of 1949 随着战事的进展，和国民党军队的撤离与投诚，5月27日完全解放，上海战役结束。 China, soldier on guard in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 China, soldiers boarding street car in Shanghai during Civil War of 1949 China, soldiers in Shanghai preparing equipment for evacuation during Civil War of 1949 |
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