目录
- 安装pytest插件
- 编写测试用例
- 忽略 https 错误和设置自定义视口大小
- 持久上下文
playwright结合pytest为您的 web 应用程序编写端到端的测试。
安装pytest插件
c:userslifeng01>pip install pytest-playwright collecting pytest-playwright using cached pytest_playwright-0.2.2-py3-none-any.whl (9.8 kb) requirement already satisfied: pytest in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest-playwright) (6.2.5) requirement already satisfied: playwright>=1.13 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest-playwright) (1.17.0) requirement already satisfied: python-slugify in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest-playwright) (5.0.2) requirement already satisfied: pytest-base-url in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest-playwright) (1.4.2) requirement already satisfied: typing-extensions in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (3.7.4.3) requirement already satisfied: pyee>=8.0.1 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (8.2.2) requirement already satisfied: websockets>=8.1 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (9.1) requirement already satisfied: greenlet>=1.0.0 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from playwright>=1.13->pytest-playwright) (1.0.0) requirement already satisfied: atomicwrites>=1.0 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.3.0) requirement already satisfied: attrs>=19.2.0 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (19.3.0) requirement already satisfied: py>=1.8.2 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.9.0) requirement already satisfied: toml in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (0.10.0) requirement already satisfied: colorama in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (0.4.3) requirement already satisfied: pluggy<2.0,>=0.12 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (0.13.1) requirement already satisfied: packaging in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (20.9) requirement already satisfied: importlib-metadata>=0.12 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.7.0) requirement already satisfied: iniconfig in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest->pytest-playwright) (1.0.1) requirement already satisfied: requests>=2.9 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (2.25.0) requirement already satisfied: text-unidecode>=1.3 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from python-slugify->pytest-playwright) (1.3) requirement already satisfied: zipp>=0.5 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from importlib-metadata>=0.12->pytest->pytest-playwright) (3.1.0) requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (1.26.2) requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (2020.4.5.1) requirement already satisfied: idna<3,>=2.5 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (2.9) requirement already satisfied: chardet<4,>=3.0.2 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from requests>=2.9->pytest-base-url->pytest-playwright) (3.0.4) requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.0.2 in d:pythonpython37libsite-packages (from packaging->pytest->pytest-playwright) (2.4.7) installing collected packages: pytest-playwright successfully installed pytest-playwright-0.2.2
编写测试用例
import pytest from playwright.sync_api import page def test_baidu_com(page: page): page.goto("https://www.baidu.com") # xpath定位输入框，输入文本内容 page.fill('//*[@id="kw"]', "秦时明月") # css点位点击“百度一下”按钮 page.click('#su') # 打印title名称 print(page.title) if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(["-v", "test_baidu_example.py"])
名词解释：
test_baidu_com(page: page):自动完成配置类型 ( page是pytest_playwright插件提供的一个夹函数，page指定到类型为page，page是playwright库提供的一个类，page指定类型为page就可以调用page类中的一些列方法 )
命令行输入命令执行：
ps f:project_giteetestplaywrightprojectcases> pytest --browser chromium --video on ================================================================================== test session starts ================================================================================== platform win32 -- python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: f:project_giteetestplaywrightprojectcases plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu-0.1.0, playwrigh t-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1 collected 1 item test_baidu_example.py . [100%] =================================================================================== 1 passed in 1.97s ===================================================================================
命令行常用基础命令：
# 运行测试 pytest # 开启页面运行 pytest --headed # 指定浏览器运行 pytest --browser firefox # 开启页面运行并指定浏览器运行 pytest --headed --browser firefox # 指定两个浏览器运行，优先运行火狐再运行谷歌 pytest --browser firefox --browser chromium # 使用浏览器频道，支持谷歌浏览器(我的电脑其他浏览器是报错的) pytest --browser-channel chromium # 用慢动作运行测试 pytest --slowmo 100 # 指定谷歌浏览器，开启记录每次测试的轨迹(生成一个.zip包，存放在test-results文件夹中) pytest --browser chromium --tracing on（on:开；off:关） # 指定谷歌浏览器，开启每次测试录制视频(生成一个.webm包，存放在test-results文件夹中) pytest --browser chromium --video on（on:开；off:关） # 指定谷歌浏览器，开启每次测试后是否自动截屏(生成一个.png图片，存放在test-results文件夹中) pytest --browser chromium --screenshot on
通过浏览器跳过测试:
import pytest from playwright.sync_api import page @pytest.mark.skip_browser("firefox") def test_baidu_com(page: page): page.goto("https://www.baidu.com") # xpath定位输入框，输入文本内容 page.fill('//*[@id="kw"]', "秦时明月") # css点位点击“百度一下”按钮 page.click('#su') # 打印title名称 print(page.title) if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(["-v", "test_baidu_example.py"])
在特定浏览器上运行:
import pytest from playwright.sync_api import page @pytest.mark.only_browser("chromium") def test_baidu_com(page: page): page.goto("https://www.baidu.com") # xpath定位输入框，输入文本内容 page.fill('//*[@id="kw"]', "秦时明月") # css点位点击“百度一下”按钮 page.click('#su') # 打印title名称 print(page.title) if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(["-v", "test_baidu_example.py"])
忽略 https 错误和设置自定义视口大小
第一种是写在conftest.py中，然后直接运行测试用例:
# conftest.py import pytest @pytest.fixture(scope="session") def browser_context_args(browser_context_args): return { **browser_context_args, "ignore_https_errors": true, } @pytest.fixture(scope="session") def browser_context_args(browser_context_args): return { **browser_context_args, "viewport": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080, } }
测试用例写法如下(最好这样写，不然运行就报错，作者已采坑):
import pytest from playwright.sync_api import page def test_example(page: page): page.goto("http://www.baidu.com") assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道" page.close() if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(["-v", "test_example.py"])
命令行运行测试用例:
ps f:project_giteetestplaywrightprojectcases> pytest --headed --browser chromium ================================================================================== test session starts ================================================================================== platform win32 -- python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: f:project_giteetestplaywrightprojectcases plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, asyncio-0.16.0, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu- 0.1.0, playwright-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1 collected 1 item test_example.py . [100%] =================================================================================== 1 passed in 2.39s ===================================================================================
第二种是直接在用例中增加指定参数即可:
import pytest from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright def test_example(): with sync_playwright() as p: browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=false) page = browser.new_context( ignore_https_errors=true, viewport={ "width": 1920, "height": 1040, } ) page = page.new_page() page.goto("http://www.baidu.com") assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道" browser.close() if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(["-v", "test_example.py"])
名词解释:
p.chromium.launch(headless=false):headless=false是开启有页面运行(默认是true，也就是无头浏览器)
第三种是模拟手机浏览器
# conftest.py import pytest @pytest.fixture(scope="session") def browser_context_args(browser_context_args, playwright): iphone_11 = playwright.devices['iphone 11 pro'] return { **browser_context_args, **iphone_11, }
测试用例写法如下(最好这样写，不然运行就报错，作者已采坑):
import pytest from playwright.sync_api import page def test_example(page: page): page.goto("http://www.baidu.com") assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道" page.close() if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(["-v", "test_example.py"])
命令行运行测试用例:
ps f:project_giteetestplaywrightprojectcases> pytest --headed --browser chromium ================================================================================== test session starts ================================================================================== platform win32 -- python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: f:project_giteetestplaywrightprojectcases plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, asyncio-0.16.0, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu- 0.1.0, playwright-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1 collected 1 item test_example.py f [100%] ======================================================================================= failures ======================================================================================== ________________________________________________________________________________ test_example[chromium] _________________________________________________________________________________ page = <page url='https://m.baidu.com/?from=844b&vit=fps'> def test_example(page: page): page.goto("http://www.baidu.com") > assert page.title() == "百度一下，你就知道" e assertionerror: assert '百度一下' == '百度一下，你就知道' e - 百度一下，你就知道 e + 百度一下 test_example.py:15: assertionerror ================================================================================ short test summary info ================================================================================ failed test_example.py::test_example[chromium] - assertionerror: assert '百度一下' == '百度一下，你就知道' =================================================================================== 1 failed in 3.14s ===================================================================================
这里运行后，打开的web页面，是一个手机形状的页面，仿的是手机浏览器(代码中指定的是iphone 11 pro)
持久上下文
它的意思就是打开一个web页面，会在这个web页面开多个新标签页面去执行测试用例。
例如：我有两个测试用例需要执行，如果使用持久上下文，就会打开一个web页面，然后web页面的第一个标签页运行第一个测试用例，第二个标签页运行第二个测试用例，直到把所有测试用例运行完了，关闭整个web页面，结束。
当然，如果你没有使用持久上下文，那就是打开web页面执行第一个测试用例，执行完第一个测试用例关闭web页面，然后再打开web页面执行第二个测试用例，执行完第二个测试用例关闭web页面，结束。
import pytest from playwright.sync_api import browsertype from typing import dict @pytest.fixture(scope="session") def context( browser_type: browsertype, browser_type_launch_args: dict, browser_context_args: dict ): context = browser_type.launch_persistent_context("./data", **{ **browser_type_launch_args, **browser_context_args, "locale": "de-de", }) yield context context.close()
名词解释:
- ./data用户数据目录的路径，它存储浏览器会话数据，如cookie和本地存储。
- browser_type_launch_args如果没有设置值，返回的就是一个空字典；它里面的参数就是和p.chromium.launch()中的传参一致的，此处了解下，后面具体介绍。
- browser_context_args如果没有设置值，返回的就是一个空字典；它里面的参数就和context = browser.new_context()中的传参一致的，此处了解下，后面具体介绍。
- locale指定用户区域设置，例如’ en-gb '、’ de-de '等。
命令行运行测试用例:
ps f:project_giteetestplaywrightprojectcases> pytest --headed --browser chromium ================================================================================== test session starts ================================================================================== platform win32 -- python 3.7.7, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: f:project_giteetestplaywrightprojectcases plugins: allure-pytest-2.9.43, anyio-3.3.4, asyncio-0.16.0, base-url-1.4.2, clarity-1.0.1, cov-2.8.1, emoji-0.2.0, forked-1.3.0, html-3.1.1, lazy-fixture-0.6.3, metadata-1.11.0, pikachu- 0.1.0, playwright-0.2.2, rerunfailures-9.1.1, xdist-2.2.1 collected 2 items test_baidu_example.py . [ 50%] test_example.py . [100%] =================================================================================== 2 passed in 3.12s ===================================================================================
必须知晓问题:
上述文章中的browser_type_launch_args和browser_context_args都是pytest_playwright插件提供的测试夹会话：
展示pytest_playwright插件部分源码：
@pytest.fixture(scope="session") def browser_type_launch_args(pytestconfig: any) -> dict: launch_options = {} headed_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--headed") if headed_option: launch_options["headless"] = false browser_channel_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--browser-channel") if browser_channel_option: launch_options["channel"] = browser_channel_option slowmo_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--slowmo") if slowmo_option: launch_options["slow_mo"] = slowmo_option return launch_options @pytest.fixture(scope="session") def browser_context_args( pytestconfig: any, playwright: playwright, device: optional[str], ) -> dict: context_args = {} if device: context_args.update(playwright.devices[device]) base_url = pytestconfig.getoption("--base-url") if base_url: context_args["base_url"] = base_url video_option = pytestconfig.getoption("--video") capture_video = video_option in ["on", "retain-on-failure"] if capture_video: context_args["record_video_dir"] = artifacts_folder.name return context_args
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