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*注：原文转载自《The Tactical Brief》Defensive handgun training doesn’t need to be a slog, so here are a few drills that are both enjoyable and skill-improving.防卫手枪射击训练并不困难，以下是一些可以提升技巧的小练习。The variety of defensive handgun drills that can be conducted for training and/or evaluation is endless. When you think you’ve seen them all, just make up another one. Regardless, it’s important you select drills to either help you get better at performing defensive handgun tasks, or drills that can be used to evaluate your ability to perform defensive handgun tasks.防卫手枪的练习方法是无穷尽的，人们总能通过自身的理解创新各类独到的训练方式，然而我们最终需要找寻能完美达成自身训练目标、提升自身能力且适合自己的训练方式。But there’s another thing defensive handgun drills can be used for—and that’s fun. The more fun a defensive handgun drill is to run, the more likely you are to use it.此外，防卫手枪射击训练的另一个目的是为了开心。如果训练使您获得愉悦，您的能力会更快提升。 
You’ll see a lot of internet experts criticize defensive handgun drills, because they don’t consider them to be practical. There’s some merit to this analysis, but let’s be realistic: Any drill you conduct that’ll help you become better at using a defensive handgun is a good drill.您或许经常能在网络上看到“键盘大师”诟病防卫射击不实用的言论，他们说的不无道理，但不争的事实是：任何能够提升射击能力的练习都是有意义的。If it helps you get better at trigger control, that’s a good thing. If it helps you get better at sight acquisition, that’s a good thing. If it helps you improve transitioning between targets, that’s a good thing.If we only focused on conducting drills designed to mimic likely, real-world encounters, they would be simple drills where you drew your handgun from concealment and engaged a single target as quickly as possible. Practical doesn’t always precipitate fun.如果防卫手枪练习帮助您提升扳机力控制、瞄准、目标转换等技巧，训练都是有意义的。假如一味的要求训练必须完全拟真，训练将可能变成拔枪快速单一目标射击的简单练习。追求了真实却失去了（射击的）乐趣。Attempting to train for a test, when you don’t know exactly what the test will be, requires a more comprehensive approach. Instead of working to only become proficient at what might likely happen, it makes more sense to have a holistic approach to weaponcraft.当您为一次未知内容的测试而作训练时，全面且细化的筹备往往比单项押题的针对性训练要更有效。Attempt to become at least moderately proficient with a defensive handgun, while using it to do things generally considered integral to its effective application in a situation requiring its use. In other words, learning how to cut down a tree with a chainsaw isn’t enough; you need to know how to trim the limbs and cut up firewood as well.成为一名合格射手的先决条件是能够在任何射击条件下应对并解决可能发生的情况。换句话说，就像学会砍树的同时需要学会劈柴和削枝一样。
But let’s get back to the fun part: Learning happens better and is retained easier when it’s paired with fun. The best firearms instructors, teachers and coaches know this. I’ve coached high school soccer for five years, and I can tell you—without exception—that humans absorb lessons best when they’re either painful or enjoyable. You only touch a hot stove one time, and catching a fish is what makes you want to get better at catching fish.话说回来，当学习、训练的过程充满乐趣时会更便于我们掌握技巧，优秀的射击教官都深知这个道理。我曾当过五年的高中足球教练，我可以非常负责任的告诉您，人们往往在困苦与享受并存时最易吸纳知识/技巧，就像钓鱼佬会不断的挑战捕获更大的鱼一样。The primary motivation for creating the drill I’m about to detail was fun. The secondary motivation was the need to impart stress into training. And the final reason was to provide a comprehensive means of evaluating the basic application of the defensive handgun.
我下面提到练习方法的首要目的是享受过程，其次是要在训练中使自己适应压力，最后是为评判自身防卫手枪射击应用水平提供全面的衡量标准。I call the drill the Shadowland Drill, which is named after the little hacienda we live on in West Virginia. This drill is the amalgamation of five different and very common defensive handgun drills detailed below. All rolled into one, they create a stressful, 14-shot drill, that’ll challenge even very accomplished shooters.我将我的练习方法称为Shadowland, 是根据我西弗吉尼亚州住所命名的。这个练习由五个常规训练综合而成，总备弹量14发，即便是顶尖的射手也会感觉颇具挑战。
Included Defensive Handgun Drills五项常规防卫手枪射击训练1. Single Shot to the HeadThis is a common drill requiring speed and accuracy. It’s simple: You draw from concealment and engage a single target with a single head shot. If, at a distance of about 5 yards, you can accomplish this drill in less than 2 seconds, that’s pretty good.1. 一发打头这个训练考验射手的速度与精准。过程非常简单，仅需要您从掩体内出枪后向一个目标的头部射击。射击距离以5码为最佳，若可在2秒内完成即为优秀。There are several names for firing two fast shots into a single target. Most often it’s referred to as a “double tap,” but two quick shots are often described as a “controlled pair” or a “hammer.” We can argue semantics another time. What’s important with this drill is the ability to deliver two kill-zone hits, at about 5 yards, in about 2 seconds.顾名思义，本训练要求射手用最快速度向单个目标打出2发子弹。该训练最终目标是保证2发子弹均落在击杀区，射击距离以5码为最佳，若可在2秒内完成即为优秀。
This is another popular defensive handgun training drill that involves two shots being fired center mass, but it adds an additional and final shot to the head. Generally conducted at about 5 yards, three hits in less than 3 seconds is better than average.
3. 莫桑比克射击这是个非常流行的训练，要求射手先对目标正中心射击2发后再对目标头部补1发。射击距离以5码为最佳，若可在3秒内完成即为合格。Some consider training for a reload in a defensive situation a waste of time, because most self-defense situations are solved with less than a magazine/cylinder of ammunition. However, you need to be able to reload your handgun swiftly and effectively, and reloading a handgun is a good way to sort out a stoppage. Reloading drills are timed in several ways, but the easiest is to combine a reload with shots before and after. Good reloading times are in the 2-second time frame.
4. 快速换弹有些人认为在个人防卫情景当中练习换弹是浪费时间，他们认为大部分实际自卫事件内当事人都只使用了一个弹夹/弹仓。但是，您有必要学会顺滑的换弹上膛，从而应对交战中可能遇到的火力中断情况。换弹训练计时有多种方法，最简单的方式是计算换弹前后的射击时间差。良好的换弹时间通常控制在2秒以内。
5.Adrenaline Dump/Forty-Five DrillBeing able to put multiple rounds on target in a hurry is a practical skill with a defensive handgun. Often called the “adrenaline dump,” the number of shots could range from three to double that. The key to this drill is good recoil control and a shot cadence that’ll allow you to keep all shots inside a kill zone as quickly as possible.
5. 压力释放射击/“45法”练习能够在短时间内使大量弹药命中目标是防卫手枪射击中一项非常实用的技能，这通常被叫做“压力释放射击”，上靶弹量通常是3发或者6发。这项训练的关键是后坐力控制与扳机时间间隙，做好这俩项可以保证您的快与准。Shadowland Drill“Shadowland” 训练法To start, you’ll need a shot timer and three IPSC/IPDA cardboard targets. Draw or paint an 8-inch circle in the chest area of each target and then paint a 4-inch circle on the head of each target.首先您需要一个计时器与三个IPSC/IDPA标准人型靶，在每个靶子胸部中心和头部中心分别画一个直径8英寸与4英寸的圆。
Position one target 5 yards to your front—we’ll call this target 3—and then position the other two targets—targets 1 and 2—2.5 yards to your front and 2.5 yards to either side of the first target.开始把一个靶置于前方5码处，我们将其称为3号靶，而后将1号靶置于前方2.5码处，2号靶置于前方2.5码处并与1号靶处于同一平面。1. At the start signal, draw from concealment and engage target 1 with a single shot to the head.1. 计时器响起，由掩体内拔枪向1号靶头部进行射击；2. Then, transition to target 2 and conduct a center mass double tap.2. 然后，目标转换为2号靶并向其胸部进行2发连射；3. Next, switch to target 3 and conduct a failure drill.4. Returning to target 1, you’ll fire another double tap, conduct a speed-load and then engage 4. 回到1号靶，对其进行2发连射，进行紧急换弹，尔后对2号靶头部射击1发；5. To finish, engage target 3 with an adrenaline dump, which is often called the Forty-Five Drill, firing five shots center mass.5. 最后向3号靶胸部进行5发压力释放射击，完成练习；6. Remember, all five parts of this drill are conducted consecutively under one time; you don’t stop and restart the timer between each part of the drill.6. 需要记住，以上五个流程是连续完成的，之间不能间隔或重新计时。
Once complete, you should have one shot in the head zone of each target, two shots center mass in target 1, two shots center mass in target 2 and seven shots center mass in target 3. Par time for this drill is 15 seconds, and your goal should be to complete it within that time limit with no misses. Anything less than 15 seconds is excellent, 15 to 17.5 seconds is very good, and 17.5 to 20 seconds is better than average.射击完毕时，每个目标头部应该都命中1次，1号靶胸部命中2次，2号靶胸部命中2次，3号靶胸部命中7次。训练标准计时为15秒，您的目标是在规定时间内全部上靶。15秒内完成为优秀，15-17.5秒为良好，17.5-20秒为合格。This is a great drill to conduct at the end of a training session, because it’s always fun to end a training session with something enjoyable. It’s also a great drill to use as an informal competition between you and a training partner. Aside from being fun to run, it throws a lot of defensive handgun skills into one box.以这个训练来测试一次射击练习是非常好的，首先它非常有趣，其次它像个情景测试。在场景中很多防卫射击技巧都被运用上了。You can start the drill from concealment or an open holster; it demands fast sight acquisition, precision shots, varied shot cadence, a speed reload, transitions between targets, recoil control, diverse target responses, weapon manipulation and that you maintain your fighting stance.你可以隐蔽或公开携枪的方式开始，这个训练考验到射手的目标追踪能力、射击精度、射击间隙、换弹速度、目标切换、后坐力控制、目标鉴别、武器控制以及射击动作。
Primarily designed for semi-automatic handguns that have a capacity of eight or more, the drill can also be run with pistols of a lesser capacity—or even revolvers. If you’re using a six-shot revolver/pistol, conduct your first reload after you perform the failure drill on target 3. Then, conduct the second reload after the head shot on target 2.这个训练主要针对弹容量在8发或以上的半自动手枪，当然小于8发的手枪，甚至左轮手枪都可以。如果使用6发半自动手枪/左轮，请您在对3号靶进行莫桑比克后进行第一次换弹，对2号靶完成头部射击后进行第二次换弹。If you’re using a five-shot revolver or pistol, it’s a little more complicated because you’ll have to conduct three reloads. Do the first reload after the first double tap on target 2. Reload again after the failure drill on target 3 and conduct your last reload after the head shot on target 2. You’ll need to adjust the par time; add 2 to 3 seconds for each additional reload.如果您使用5发左轮/手枪，您将要进行3次换弹。第一次是在对2号靶进行2发速射后，第二次是在对3号靶完成莫桑比克射击后，第三次是在对2号靶头部射击后。射击规定时间也会相应延长2-3秒。Is there any chance you’ll have to conduct an engagement like this drill in real life? Well, never say never, but unless you’re auditioning for the next John Wick film, the chances are about the same as President Biden being able to apply basic geometry.您有可能会在现实生活中遇到训练中的情况吗？没人清楚，做好准备为上。On the other hand, when you consider the possibility of multiple attackers and threat movement, there’s a reasonably—though still small—likelihood you might have to combine two of these shot sequences in a real-world situation.不过话说回来，当您考虑到会遇到多个歹徒或威胁的情形时，尽管概率不大，但您可能会用上这个训练当中的1-2个射击顺序。But, of course, replicating a real-world self-defense engagement isn’t the purpose of the Shadowland Drill. The purpose of the Shadowland Drill is to force you to do a lot of things consecutively, under stress. If you’re competent with a defensive handgun, this drill will prove it. If you need more training and practice, this drill will show that too. But most importantly, the Shadowland Drill is fun!当然，完美复刻现实生活中的自卫场景不是Shadowland训练的目的，真正的目的是迫使您在压力下连续完成多次复杂射击。如果您是一名优异的射手，这个训练将证明您的实力。如果您函需锻炼，这个训练将为您提供建设性的建议。总之，Shadowland训练是快乐的。Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in the EDC 2021 special issue of Gun Digest the Magazine.编者注：本文由EDC 2021 special issue of Gun Digest the Magazine转载。
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