【原】苹果公司出手，抗衡间谍软件。英语读头条（第729期）

新用户02986T3F 2022-07-11 发布于北京

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Apple plans new feature to protect journalists and human rights workers from spyware

苹果计划推出新功能，保护记者和人权工作者免受间谍软件攻击

By CNN, July 6, 2022

Edited and Translated by Ray & Sally

Apple on Wednesday said it will release a new feature this fall for iPhone, Mac and iPad operating software that is designed to protect high-risk users such as journalists and human rights workers from sophisticated spyware that has been linked to human rights abuses.

苹果公司周三表示，将在今年秋天为苹果手机、Mac电脑和iPad操作系统发布一项新功能，旨在保护记者和人权工作者等高风险用户免受与侵犯人权有关的、复杂的间谍软件的侵害。

sophisticated：复杂的;精密的;先进的

It's one of the biggest steps yet by a major tech firm to combat the lucrative spyware industry, whose tools can break into devices without the victim clicking on anything. It also comes as the Biden administration continues to try to curb the use of spyware.

这是大型科技公司迄今为止打击利润丰厚的间谍软件行业的最大举措之一。间谍软件工具可以在受害者不做任何点击的情况下侵你的设备。与此同时，拜登政府也继续努力遏制间谍软件的使用。

lucrative：有利可图的

The new feature, called Lockdown Mode, will let anyone, with a flick of a button, effectively cordon off parts of their iPhone and other devices from avenues of attack, including email attachments and unsolicited FaceTime calls.

这项名为“锁定模式”的新功能让任何人只需轻按一个按钮，就可以有效地封锁iPhone的一部分区域和其他设备免受攻击，包括电子邮件附件和未经请求的FaceTime通话。

cordon off：（设置警戒线）包围，封锁

But there are some tradeoffs for users while in Lockdown Mode. Device owners won't be able to use certain Apple (AAPL) features such as physically connecting to other computers when the phone is on the lockscreen, or enrolling in mobile device management programs that some employers use to administer work phones.

但在锁定模式下，用户有一些功能也被锁定。设备所有者将无法使用某些苹果设备的功能，例如当手机在锁屏时与其他计算机进行物理连接，或者注册一些雇主用于管理工作手机的移动设备管理程序。

There are more than a billion iPhones around the world; the new feature is meant for the very small fraction of Apple users who have been targeted by spyware. Apple declined to specify the number of customers who had been targeted by spyware, citing ongoing litigation. But the company said it has now notified customers in about 150 countries that they may have been targeted by spyware. Android, Google's mobile operating system and the most widely used, has had to contend with spyware, too.

全世界有超过10亿部苹果手机在使用；这项新功能是为一小部分被间谍软件攻击的苹果用户设计的。苹果公司以正在进行的诉讼为由，拒绝透露被间谍软件入侵的客户数量。但该公司表示，目前已通知约150个国家的客户，他们可能已成为间谍软件的目标。安卓是谷歌的移动操作系统，也是应用最广泛的系统，它也不得不与间谍软件进行斗争。

The announcement is a recognition that spyware is a global problem that pits the top engineering talent at surveillance firms like NSO Group and tech giants against each other. Spyware makers will likely try to find ways of circumventing Lockdown Mode. To account for that, Apple said it will pay security researchers who report vulnerabilities in the new feature up to $2 million.

苹果的这一个公告，将间谍软件问题提升到了一个全球的高度，它让我们看到NSO集团和科技巨头监控公司的顶尖工程人才之间的较量。间谍软件制造商可能会试图找到绕过封锁模式的方法。为此，苹果表示，将向报告新功能漏洞的安全研究人员支付高达200万美元的奖金。

While Apple continues to emphasize that spyware rarely breaks into its devices, there have been a few high-profile cases of it happening. Last September, Apple released a critical update to its operating software after the discovery that spyware allegedly developed by NSO Group had been used to track a Saudi dissident. Apple then sued NSO Group for allegedly violating a federal anti-hacking law. NSO Group has long maintained that it only sells its software to authorized users for law enforcement and counterterrorism purposes.

虽然苹果一直强调间谍软件很少侵入其设备，但也有一些引人注目的案例。去年9月，在发现据称由NSO集团开发的间谍软件被用于追踪一名沙特持不同政见者后，苹果发布了其操作系统的关键性更新。苹果随后起诉NSO集团，称其违反了联邦反黑客法。而NSO集团长期以来一直坚持，其软件只销售给授权用户用于执法和反恐目的。

Apple on Wednesday said it will release a new feature this fall for iPhone, Mac and iPad operating software that is designed to protect high-risk users like journalists and human rights workers from sophisticated spyware that has been linked to human rights abuses.

苹果周三表示，将在今年秋天为苹果手机、Mac电脑和iPad操作软件发布一项新功能，旨在保护记者和人权工作者等高风险用户免受与侵犯人权有关的复杂间谍软件的攻击。

From Morocco to Mexico to Singapore, digital forensic experts have uncovered spywaretargeting multiple tech platforms — and built by a range of sellers — that was being used to track the movements of human rights workers, embassy workers and other targets. One such target was said to be the wife of a slain Mexican journalist who was investigating drug cartels, according a 2019 investigation by the Citizen Lab, a digital rights research center at the University of Toronto.

从摩洛哥到墨西哥再到新加坡，数字取证专家发现了针对多个技术平台的间谍软件，这些平台由一系列卖家建造，用于跟踪人权工作者、大使馆工作人员和其他目标的动向。多伦多大学数字权利研究中心公民实验室2019年的一项调查显示，其中一个目标据说是一名被杀墨西哥记者的妻子，该记者当时正在调查贩毒集团。

"There's now undeniable evidence ... that the mercenary spyware industry is facilitating the spread of authoritarian practices and contributing to massive human rights abuses," Citizen Lab Director Ron Deibert told journalists this week ahead of the Lockdown Mode announcement.

“现在有无法否认的证据……那些唯利是图的间谍软件行业正在助长那些威权做法的传播，并促成大规模侵犯人权，”公民实验室主任罗恩·德伯特在本周宣布将启用锁定模式之前告诉记者。

Apple also said Wednesday that it was giving $10 million to the Dignity and Justice Fund, a grantmaker advised by the Ford Foundation, that will support efforts to investigate and build awareness of spyware. (Deibert is on the advisory board of that grantmaking fund.)

苹果周三还表示，它将向尊严与正义基金会捐款1000万美元，该基金会是福特基金会建议的一家助款公司，它将支持彻底调查间谍软件并使大家能识别哪一家是间谍软件公司（德伯特是该助款基金的顾问委员会成员。）

The Biden administration has tried to crack down on the proliferation of spyware by adding NSO Group and Candiru, another Israeli vendor, to a Commerce Department list that restricts US business with the firms.

拜登政府亦试图打击间谍软件的扩散，将NSO集团和另一家以色列供应商Candiru加入到商务部限制与美国公司开展业务的名单。

The potential national security threat of spyware came into focus last year when the iPhones of about a dozen US State Department employees serving in Africa were hacked with NSO Group's signature product, CNN previously reported.

据CNN此前报道，去年，美国国务院在非洲工作的十几名员工的苹果手机被NSO集团的招牌产品攻击，间谍软件的潜在国家安全威胁成为焦点。

An NSO Group spokesperson said in a response at the time that once the firm learned of the incident, it "decided to immediately terminate relevant customers' access to the system, due to the severity of the allegations." The spokesperson also said it had not received "any indication that NSO's tools were used in this case."

NSO集团的一位发言人在当时的回应中表示，一旦该公司得知这起事件，它“决定立即终止相关客户对该系统的访问，这基于指控的严重性。”该发言人还表示，它没有收到“任何迹象表明NSO的工具被用于本案。”