【原】世界文化遗产-敦煌

Dunhuang

David Dou

Located at 25 kilometers (15.5 miles)away from downtown Dunhuang on the eastern slope of Mingsha Shan (Mount EchoingSand), Mogao Grottoes is regarded as a shrine of Buddhist art treasures. It includesMogao Grottoes, Xiqian Buddhist Grottoes and Yulin Grottoes. Mogao Grottoes, orcommonly known as the Grottoes of a Thousand Buddha, is the most typical oneamong all three.

Situated on the east slope of Mt. Mingsha25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang city, Gansu Province, the 5-tier Mogao Cavestretches for 1,600 meters. First built in 366 and expanded in the followingdynasties, a grand cave complex was finally formed in Yuan Dynasty with richcultural dimension. Currently, 492 grottoes, 45,000-square-meter murals, 24,000painted sculptures, 4,000 fairy figures, 5 wooden buildings of Tang and SongDynasties, lotus patterned pillars and thousands of floor bricks are left inthe Grottoes, making the place an synthesizer of great palace of architecture,paintings and sculptures. It is the largest and best preserved Buddhist artshrine in the world, thus it is nicknamed as the “Oriental Pearl of Art”. Atthe beginning of the 20^th century, the No.17 cave was discovered,including around 60,000 Buddhist scriptures, documents and cultural relicsdated from the 4^th to the 10^th century. The greatdiscovery captured the attention of scholars both home and abroad, and this washow the famous Dunhuang Study took its original shape.

According to the Tang Dynasty records, amonk, who once had witnessed a vision of thousand Buddhas under the showers ofthe golden rays, was inspired, and then he made up his mind to construct theGrottoes. And this is the origin of the Mogao Grottoes. The marvelousconstruction had spanned ten dynasties, despite erosions, 750 Grottoes of 10dynasties almost remained intact, embracing 45,000 square meters murals, over3,000 painted sculptures and 5 wooden buildings of both Tang and SongDynasties. In addition, roughly 50,000 manuscripts and various cultural relicssuch as thousands of thin silk paintings, prints, embroideries and lots ofcalligraphic works are discovered in No.7 cave. People often say, If theseworks of art go for an exhibition, there has to be a super gallery with its stretchover 25 kilometers to accommodate that.

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