【原】一课一题一语法：新概念英语第1册第141-142课

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【往期回顾】

一课一题一语法：新概念英语第1册第139-140课

下面是第139-140课的参考答案：

【答案】

1. Mike said to his sister, 'Will you visit my school next week?'

Mike asked his sister whether/if she would visit his school next week.

2. Mike said to his friends, 'Do you often visit your parents?'

Mike asked his friends whether/if they often visited their parents.

3. Mike said to me, 'When did you sell your house?'

Mike asked me when I had sold my house.

4. Mike said to his mother, 'Where are you going now?'

Mike asked his mother where she was going then.

5. Mike said to my son, 'Why do you like your mom more?'

Mike asked my son why he liked his mom more.

【本期内容】

下面我们继续本周《新概念英语1》第141-142课的重点句型或语法的分享。先来读一读第141课的课文：

一、课文原文 

大家可以扫描下面的二维码，到同济大学出版官方微店购买配套的教材解析、同步练习和阶段测试卷：

二、重点句型或语法

本课要学习的是被动语态的用法。

（一）两个概念

要学习被动语态，首先就要弄清楚两个基本概念，即施动者和受动者。

所谓施动者，是指动作的发出者或执行者。

所谓受动者，是指动作的承受者。

如：

He ate an apple just now.

这句话中的he就是施动者，an apple就是受动者。

（二）构成方式

被动语态的基本构成方式是：

受动者+be done by+施动者

如第（一）部分里的句子就可以改为：

An apple was eaten by him just now.

再比如：

The man bought the book yesterday.

这句话的被动结构为：

The book was bought by the man yesterday.

（三）不同时态中的被动语态

被动语态的时态变化主要通过be done by中的be来体现，而本课侧重学习的是一般现在时和一般过去时中的被动语态。

1、一般现在时

此时，be的形式为am、is或are。如：

He often cleans his bedroom on weekends.

这句话的被动结构为：

His bedroom is often cleaned by him on weekends.

再比如：

The boys plant trees in the suburb once a year.

这句话的被动结构为：

Trees are planted in the suburb by the boys once a year.

又比如：

My mom tells me a story every night.

这句话的被动结构为：

I am told a story by my mom every night.

2、一般过去时

此时，be的形式为was或were。如：

He cleaned his bedroom last Saturday.

这句话的被动结构为：

His bedroom was cleaned by him last Saturday.

再比如：

The boys planted trees in the suburb a year ago.

这句话的被动结构为：

Trees were planted in the suburb by the boys a year ago.

三、一课一题

根据本课的重要语法点，让我们来练一练吧，根据要求完成下列句子的练习。 

1. The girl had a cup of coffee this morning. (指出施动者和受动者)

2. Jane always read books in the library.

3. They sold the house five months ago.

4. I left a message on the table yesterday.

5. We have an egg every morning.

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