【TED演讲】勇敢的哈莉特·塔布曼

演讲题目：The breathtaking courage of Harriet Tubman

演讲简介：

哈莉特·塔布曼是美国的一位英雄，她曾努力摆脱奴隶身份，领导军队突袭，也为妇女选举权的事业做出过巨大贡献。在这篇内容中，我们就来一起走进哈莉特·塔布曼的成长之路。

中英文字幕

Escaping slavery; risking everything to save her family; leading a military raid; championing the cause of women's suffrage; these are just a handful of the accomplishments of one of America's most courageous heroes. Harriet Tubman was born Araminta Ross in Dorchester County, Maryland, in the early 1820s.

摆脱奴隶身份，赌上一切，只为拯救家人，领导军队突袭，投身妇女选举权事业，作为美国最勇敢的英雄之一，这些只是她所取得的成就中的一小部分。哈莉特·塔布曼于19世纪20年代初出生于马里兰州多切斯特郡，原名阿拉明塔·罗斯。

Born into chattel slavery, Araminta, or Minty, was the fifth of nine children. Two of Minty's older sisters were sold to a chain gang. Even as a small child, Minty was hired out to different owners, who subjected her to whippings and punishment.

生而为奴的阿拉明塔，小名明蒂，在九个孩子之中排行第五。明蒂的两个姐姐被卖，成了带着镣铐干活的苦力。从小开始，明蒂就被雇给两个不同的主人，受到鞭打和惩罚。

Young Minty's life changed forever on an errand to a neighborhood store. There, an overseer threw a two-pound weight at a fugitive enslaved person, missed, and struck Minty instead. Her injury caused her to experience sleeping spells, which we know of today as narcolepsy, for the rest of her life.

一次，年幼的明蒂去附近商店跑腿，从此，她的人生永远地改变了。在那个商店，监督员向一个黑人逃奴砸去一块两磅的砝码，没有砸中逃奴，却意外砸中了明蒂。受伤之后，她仿佛中了睡魔的诅咒，就是我们现在所说的嗜睡症，一辈子都昏昏欲睡。

Minty's owner tried to sell her, but there were no buyers for an enslaved person who fell into sleeping spells. She was instead put to work with her father, Ben Ross, who taught her how to lumber. Lumbering increased Minty's physical strength and put her in touch with free black sailors who shipped the wood to the North.

明蒂的主人想把她卖掉，但没有买主想要购买中了睡魔诅咒的奴隶。所以她被安排到跟着她爸爸，本·罗斯，一起干活，她爸爸教会她伐木。伐木使明蒂的身体强壮起来，让她接触到将木材运往北方的自由黑人水手。

From them, Minty learned about the secret communications that occurred along trade routes, information that would prove invaluable later in her life.In this mixed atmosphere of free and enslaved blacks working side by side, Minty met John Tubman, a free black man she married in 1844. After marriage, she renamed herself Harriet, after her mother.

从他们身上，明蒂学会了贸易线路一带秘密沟通方式，后来证明这些信息在她生命中十分重要。在自由黑人和奴役黑人并肩工作的混合环境下，明蒂遇到了自由黑人约翰·塔布曼，并于1844年结婚。婚后按照母亲的名字，她改名为哈丽特。

Harriet Tubman's owner died in 1849. When his widow planned to sell off her enslaved human beings, Harriet feared she would be sold away from everyone she loved. She had heard of an 'underground railroad,' a secret network of safe houses, boat captains, and wagon drivers willing to harbor fugitive enslaved people on their way north.

1849年，哈莉特·塔布曼的主人去世。当他的遗孀打算把奴隶卖掉时，哈莉特害怕被卖到远方，被迫离开她爱的所有人。她听说有一条“地下铁路”，有一些秘密的安全屋，船长，和马车车夫愿意将逃亡的奴隶带到北方去。

So Tubman fled with two of her brothers, Ben and Harry. They eventually turned back, fearing they were lost. But in one of her sleeping spells, Harriet dreamed that she could fly like a bird. Looking down below, she saw the path to liberation. And in the autumn of 1849, she set out on her own, following the North Star to Pennsylvania, and to freedom.

所以塔布曼和她的两个兄弟，本和哈利，一起逃走了。因为害怕迷路，他们最终回头了。但是在一次入魔般的睡梦中，哈丽特梦见她能像鸟一样飞翔。从天上往下看时，她看到了通往自由的道路。在1849年秋天，她独自出发，跟着北极星指引，去了宾夕法尼亚州，获得了自由。

Tubman returned to the South 13 times to free her niece, brothers, parents, and many others. She earned the nickname Black Moses and worked diligently with fellow abolitionists to help enslaved people escape, first to the North, and later to Canada. Harriet Tubman worked as a Union army nurse, scout, and spy during the Civil War.

塔布曼先后13次返回南方，解救了她的侄女、兄弟、父母、和许多其他人。她获得了黑人摩西的绰号，并与废奴主义者一起努力工作，帮助奴隶逃脱，先到北方，后来到加拿大。内战中，哈莉特·塔布曼在联军中担任护士、侦探、和间谍。

In 1863, she became the first woman in United States history to plan and lead a military raid, liberating nearly 700 enslaved persons in South Carolina. After the war, the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution legally abolished slavery, while the 14th expanded citizenship and the 15th gave voting rights to formerly enslaved black men.

1863年，她成为了美国历史上第一位策划和领导了军事突袭的女性，在南卡罗来纳州解放了近700名奴隶。内战之后，美国宪法第13次修正案从法律上废止了奴隶制度，之后第14次修正案扩大了公民权，第15次修正案赋予了曾被奴役地黑人男性们投票权。

But she was undaunted, and she persisted. She raised funds for formerly enslaved persons and helped build schools and a hospital on their behalf. In 1888, Tubman became more active in the fight for women's right to vote. In 1896, she appeared at the founding convention of the National Association of Colored Women in Washington D.C.

但她毫不畏惧，不屈不挠。她为曾被奴役的人们筹集资金，并帮助他们建立学校和医院。1888年，塔布曼更加积极地参与争取妇女投票权的斗争。1896年，她现身于在华盛顿特区召开的黑人女性全国联盟创始大会。

And later at a woman's suffrage meeting in Rochester, New York. There she told the audience: 'I was a conductor on the Underground Railroad, and I can say what many others cannot. I never ran my train off the track, and I never lost a passenger.'

之后又现身于纽约罗切斯特举行的女性选举权会议上。会上，她告诉观众：“我曾是地下铁路的列车长，我可以说其他人不能说的事情。我开的火车从来没有脱轨，也从来没有弄丢一名乘客。”

As her fame grew, various friends and allies helped her in the fight to collect a veteran's pension for her service in the Union Army. In 1899, she was finally granted $20 a month. In a fitting twist of fate, the United States Treasury announced in 2016 that Tubman's image will appear on a redesigned twenty dollar bill.

随着她的名气增长，许多朋友和盟友帮助她争取在联邦军服务后应得的退伍军人退休金。1899年，她终于获得了每月20美元的退休金。命运扭转，美国财政部在2016年宣布，塔布曼的形象将出现在重新设计的二十美元钞票上。

Harriet Tubman died on March 10, 1913. Even on her deathbed at age 91, she kept the freedom of her people in mind. Her final words were: 'I go away to prepare a place for you.'

哈里特·塔布曼于1913年3月10日去世。即便91岁的高龄躺在床上，她仍然心系人民的自由。她临终的最后一句话是：“我要去为你们准备自由的净土。”