【大副业务】钢材、卷钢类运输装船前检验专业批注用语分享

用于描述钢材或其钢材包装表面状况的条款必须准确描述装运时表面情况是否可视良好。如果怀疑货物已经与盐水或其他氯化物接触，则应通过硝酸银测试加以确认。

以下是推荐条款的列表，其中大部分在 1964 年 2 月 28 日 北英PNI 协会的通告中有详细说明。为了确保解释的一致性，更详细地描述每一个条款所要达到的表面情况，均使用英文进行表述。

所有条款可酌情与其他表面条款和机械损坏条款结合使用。黑体字表示有必要增加措辞。

一. 表面条款

1.Covered with snow 表面积雪

Surface covered with snow or ice or both.

2. Galvanising affected by white oxidation marks 

Zinc coating losing lustre and etched with white-coloured oxidation marks.

3. Galvanising affected by white rust

Zinc coating heavily oxidated and covered in voluminous whitecoloured rust.

4. Galvanising dull

Zinc coating losing lustre as a result of early oxidation.

5. Grease spots and oil patches apparent on number units

Surface stained with drops of grease and oil from mechanical handling equipment or other sources.

6. Partly rust stained

Fine powdery rust covering less than 75 % of the surface. Light tan to light brown in colour and easily removed by rubbing, scraping or wire brushing to reveal a smooth steel surface. The remainder of the surface may still have mill scale attached.

7. Partly rusty

Brown to heavy deep brown rust covering less than 75 % of the surface. Slightly uneven and dull steel surface revealed when removed by wire brushing. Remainder of the surface may be 'rust stained’ or 'partly rust stained’.

8. Rust on edges

Brown to heavy deep brown rust confined to edges. When removed by wire brushing, a slightly uneven and dull steel surface revealed. Remainder of the surface may be 'rust stained’ or 'partly rust stained’.

9. Rust spots apparent

Localised very slight penetration of rust through mill scale, not bulbous and reveals smooth steel surface when removed by wire brushing. Parts of surface without mill scale may be 'rust stained’.

10. Rust spotting

Localised penetration of rust through mill scale, bulbous and reveals an uneven steel surface when removed by wire brushing. Parts of surface without mill scale may by 'rust stained’.

11. Rust stained

Fine powdery rust over the whole surface, light tan to light brown in colour and easily removed by rubbing, scraping or wire brushing to reveal a smooth steel surface.

12. Rust with pitting

Brown to heavy deep brown rust which, when removed by wire brushing, reveals pitting of the steel surface.

13. Rusty

Brown to heavy deep brown rust which, when removed by wire brushing, reveals an uneven and dull steel surface.

14. Stained extent by an unidentifiable colour powder

Surface coated to the extent indicated with an unidentifiable powder of the colour indicated which could contain aggressive chemicals or be capable of holding moisture.

15. Streaky rust indicates previous contact with water

Surface has rust streaks indicating that water has previously dripped down it.

16. Surface areas reacting to silver nitrate solution tests

Silver nitrate tests prove that the surface has been in contact with salt water or other chlorides.

17. Wet before shipment

Water visible on surface or dripping out of bundles.

18. Packing + surface-condition clause

The surface condition of the cargo packing is as described by any of the above clauses.

下面列举17个钢材的照片说明了表面状况条款：

Fig. 1. Channels and angles (rust cleaned away locally). Surface-condition clause: rust stained

Fig. 2. Wrapped coils. Surface-condition clause: packing rust stained

Fig. 3. Steel plates. Surface-condition clause: rust stained, wet before shipment

Fig. 4. Reinforcing bars in bundles with dampness evident. Surface condition clause: rust stained, wet before shipment

  

Fig. 5. Plates with most mill scale intact, but handling has also fragmented mill scale from edges. Surface-condition clause: partly rust stained, wet before shipment

Fig. 6. Beams with some mill scale still intact but rust encroaching on flanges and webs. Note correct nesting position. Surface-condition clause: rust stained

Fig. 7. Wrapped packages of steel plates. Surfacecondition clause: packing partly rust stained

Fig. 8. Hot-rolled steel coils. Surface-condition clause: rusty

Fig. 9. Channels. Surface-condition clause: rusty

Fig. 10. Plates. Surface-condition clause: rust with pitting

Fig. 11. Hot-rolled steel coil. Surface-condition clause: rust stained, rust spots apparent

Fig. 12. Rails. Surface-condition clause:rust with pitting

Fig. 13. Galvanised coils (with wrappers removed). Surface-condition clause: galvanising affected by white rust

Fig. 14. Wrapped coil with streaky rust brought about by dripping water from 'cargo sweat’. Surface-condition clause: packing rust stained, streaky rust indicates previous contact with water

Fig. 15. Galvanised pipes bundles showing no evidence of having been subjected to a passivation process. Surfacecondition clause: galvanising dull

Fig. 16. Beams with flaking mill scale on webs. Surface-condition clause: rust stained, rust spots apparent

Fig. 17, Hot-rolled coil which has been in contact with salt water, suspect indications being configuration and colour of the rust. Surface-condition clause: [rust clause applicable] + surface areas reacting to silver nitrate solution tests

二.机械损坏条款

用于描述钢材货物机械损坏的条款必须准确描述货物的表面状况或装运时钢材包装的缺陷。以下是建议的条款清单以及更详细的说明每一条款应适用的机械损坏和货物种类。条款应该只在英文中使用。所有条款都可与其他机械损坏或表面条件结合使用条款视情况而定。用括号中的一个或几个词视情况而定。黑体字表示有必要增加措辞。

Mechanical-damage clauses：

1. Bent, flanges and webs distorted.

A previously straight structural section has been bent causing both flanges and webs to be distorted.

2. Bundle pieces bent along entire length. Affects number pieces.

A number of previously straight plates, rods, pipes or other small scantling pieces in a bundle are bent along their entire length.

3. Bundle pieces projecting on ends – number pieces bent.

Some plates, rods, pipes or other small scantling pieces in a bundle are projecting beyond most others resulting in bent ends for a certain number.

4. Concrete coating (hairline cracked / chipped / broken) at location.

The concrete weight coating on a pipe has hairline cracks or is chipped or broken at a particular location.

5. Dented in number positions at location.

A pipe or other hollow section is dented in a number of positions at a particular location causing a reduction in internal dimensions.

6. Edges (dented / buckled) at location where handling gear marked. Affects number (windings / plates).

The edges of a hot-rolled steel sheeting coil or plate bundle at a particular location have been dented or buckled over a number of windings or plates by handling equipment.

7. Edges (scored / gouged) at location. Affects number (windings / plates).

The edges of a hot-rolled steel sheeting coil or plate bundle at a particular location are deeply scored over a number of windings or plates.

8. Edges (waved / distorted / bent upwards) at location.

The edges of a steel plate are waved, distorted or bent upwards at a particular location.

9. Flange bent in number positions at location.

The flange of a structural section is bent in a number of positions at a particular location.

10. Interlocking grooves (bent / dented) in number positions at location.

The interlocking grooves of a sheet pile are bent or dented in a number of positions at a particular location.

11. Machined surfaces (scored / nicked / indented) to a depth in excess of number mm.

The smooth machined surface – such as bevelled ends or flanges of a pipe – is scored, nicked or indented in excess of a certain depth in millimetres.

12. Packing (torn open / punctured) in number positions at location. Visible cargo is surface-condition and / or mechanical-damage clauses.

Packing is torn open or punctured in a number of positions at a particular location to reveal the surface condition of and / or mechanical damage to the cargo underneath.

13. Packing edges at location dented where handling gear marked.

Packing edges at a particular location have been dented by handling equipment.

14. Protective coating (chafed / scored / broken / missing) at location.

The epoxy, bituminous, coal-tar, asphalt mastic or other protective coating on a pipe, sheet pile or other product is chafed, scored, broken or missing at a particular location.

15. Strapped insufficiently, number strapping bands (loose / broken / missing).

A hot-rolled steel sheeting coil or a bundle of plates, rods, pipes or other small scantling pieces is insufficiently bound due to a number of loose, broken or clearly missing strapping bands.

16. Windings at location telescoped up to number mm.

The windings of a steel sheeting coil have moved in the direction of the coil axis up to a certain number of millimetres

下面列举各种钢材的照片说明了机械损坏条款：

Fig. 18. Wrapped coil damaged by forklift. Mechanicaldamage clause: packing torn open in one place at inner circumference. Visible cargo is scored. Affects 15 windings

Fig. 19. Wrapped coil damaged by lifting clamp. Mechanical-damage clause: packing edges at inner circumference dented where handling gear marked

Fig. 20. Telescoped coil. Mechanical-damage clause: windings at core telescoped up to 150 mm

Fig. 21. Coil damaged by forklift. Mechanical-damage clause: edges buckled at outer circumference where handling gear marked. Affects six windings

Fig. 22. Plates. Mechanical-damage clause (top plate in stack): edges waved along entire length

Fig. 23. Bundles of light scantling pieces. Mechanical-damage clause (second bundle from left): bundle pieces bent along entire length. Affects two pieces. Strapped insufficiently, one strap broken, three missing

Fig. 24. (below) Nest of beams. Mechanical-damage clause (left hand beam): flange bent in one position at end

Fig. 25. (above) Bundle of stainless steel plates. Mechanical-damage clause: edges dented at centre where handling gear marked. Affects two plates

Fig. 26. Bundle of angles overlying bundle of plates. Mechanical-damage

clause (angles): edges dented at bottom centre where handling gear marked. Affects two pieces. Strapped insufficiently, one strapping band broken.

以上即为本期分享有关钢材和卷钢类货物的表面条款和机械损坏条款的知识分享，希望对航友有所帮助。