【原】Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记(118).硬膜下血肿5.

麻花慧慧子 2022-08-13 发布于浙江

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Case 29 Subdural Hematoma

电子书分享！Case Files: Anesthesiology 学习笔记 Q&A 4.3

1. serum osmolality 血清渗透压

serum [ˈsɪərəm] n.血清；免疫血清 the thin liquid that remains from blood when the rest has clotted

osmolality 渗透压 plural osmolalities

osmose['ɒzməʊs] v.(使)渗透

osmosis [ɒzˈməʊsɪs] n.渗透；the gradual passing of a liquid through a membrane (= a thin layer of material) as a result of there being different amounts of dissolved substances on either side of the membrane // Since water often flows with sodium through a process of osmosis, water also moves into the blood, which increases blood volume and therefore blood pressure. 由于水通常与钠一起通过渗透过程流动，因此谁也进入血液，从而增加血容量，进而升高血压；

耳濡目染；the gradual process of learning or being influenced by sth, as a result of being in close contact with it // Although I would probably never have been an accountant, he wanted me to learn via osmosis. 虽然我不想成为会计，但他仍希望我借助这种潜移默化的影响学习一些会计方面的知识。

2. normovolemic adj.血容量正常的

nor·mo·vol·emia [nɔ:məvə'li:mɪə] n.血容量正常 : a normal volume of blood in the body. — called also euvolemia [ˌʊvə'li:mɪə] 等量体液 The presence of the proper amount of blood in the body. [eu- + L. volumen, volume, + G. haima, blood] variants: or chiefly British normovolaemia

3. vasospasm ['væsəʊspæzm'veɪz] n.【医】血管痉挛 n. A sudden constriction of a blood vessel, causing a reduction in blood flow.

4. hyponatremia [haɪpɒnə'tremɪə] n.低钠血；血清低钠 a lack of sodium in the blood caused by excessive sweating, persistent diarrhea, or overuse of diuretic drugs

natremia [neɪt'ri:mɪə] n.钠血(症)

5. priority [praɪˈɒrəti] n.优先；优先权；[noun] the quality or state of being prior. precedence (['presɪdəns] n.优先；优先权) in date or position of publication. superiority ([sʊˌpɪəriˈɒrəti] n.优势；优越感) in rank, position, or privilege.

6. cannulation [ˌkænjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n] n.套管插入术

7. coagulopathic adj. → coagulopathy [kə'ʊæɡjʊləʊpəθɪ] n.血凝病 is a condition in which the blood’s ability to clot is impaired. This condition can cause prolonged or excessive bleeding, which may occur spontaneously ([spɒn'teɪnɪəslɪ] adv.自发；自然地) or following an injury or medical and dental procedures. Coagulopathy can be a primary medical condition or a complication of some other disorder.

8. evacuate [ɪˈvækjueɪt] v.撤离；（从危险的地方）撤出

9. supersede [ˌsuːpə(r)ˈsiːd] v.取代 [oftpass] ~ sth/sb 取代，替代（已过时或已非最佳选择的人或物）to take the place of sth/sb that is considered to be old-fashioned or no longer the best available // Humans, who are limited by slow biological revolution, could't compete and would be superseded. 人类受其缓慢的生物进化所限制，无法与之竞争，将会被超越。

10. hypertonic saline un.高渗盐水 Hypertonic saline is an osmotic ([ɒzˈmɒtɪk] adj.渗透的) agent uses to reduce the effects of secondary ([ˈsekənd(ə)ri] adj.继发的；次要的) brain injury in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is known as hypertonic saline because its concentration of sodium is higher than the physiologic concentration of plasma (0.9%).

11. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ADH release, SIADH 抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征 Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ADH release (SIADH) is a condition defined by the unsuppressed release ofantidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland or nonpituitary sources or its continued action on vasopressin receptors. The condition was first detected in two patients with lung cancer by William Schwartz and Frederic Bartter in 1967. They developed the classic Schwartz and Bartter criteria for diagnosing SIADH, which has not changed. SIADH is characterized by impaired water excretion leading to hyponatremia with hypervolemia or euvolemia.

* antidiuretic hormone, ADH 抗利尿激素 Antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin is a hormone released by the posterior pituitary. It is important mainly for its actions on the kidneys where it increases the re-absorption of water. Vasopressin is also a powerful vasoconstrictor. Its effects are through two types of receptors, V1 and V2.

antidiuretic [ˌæntɪdɑɪjʊ'retɪk] adj.抗利尿的；

vasopressin [ˌvæsəʊ'presɪn] n.【生化,医】血管加压素

posterior pituitary [pɪ'tju:ɪtəri] un.脑垂体后叶