背景 莫斯科纸莎草的问题没有遵循特定的顺序,问题的解决方案提供的细节比莱因德数学纸莎草的细节少得多。纸莎草纸以其一些几何问题而闻名。问题10和问题14分别计算了梯形的表面积和体积。剩下的问题在本质上更为常见。问题分类船舶零件问题问题2和问题3是船舶的零部件问题。其中一个问题计算船舵的长度,另一个问题计算船桅的长度。Pefsu问题大多数问题都是pefsu(类似于消耗的单位量)问题:25个问题中的10个。Pefsu定义为用多少体积(heqat)谷物制成的一个单位的啤酒,pefsu的数量越高,意味成品面包或啤酒就越少。在许多产品列表中都提到了pefsu的编号。例如,问题8可翻译为:(1)计算100块面包,pefsu为20的例子(2)如果有人对你说:“你有100块,面包,pefsu为20(3)将被换成pefsu 为4的啤酒(4)比如1/2+1/4麦芽枣椰啤酒”(5)首先计算pefsu 20的100块面包所需的谷物(6)结果是5heqat。然后计算一下你的啤酒,比如1/2 1/4麦芽枣椰啤酒所需要的谷物(7)结果是用上埃及谷物制成的啤酒所需的谷物是1/2heqat。(8)计算5heqat的1/2,结果为2+1/2(9)将2+1/2乘以4(10)结果是10。然后你就对他说:(11) "B注意!我们求出的啤酒的数量是正确的。"You are given a hemisphere with a mouth [magnitude] of 4 + 1/2 [in diameter]. What is its surface? Take 1/9 of of 9 [since] the basket is half an egg [hemisphere]. You get 1. Calculate the remainder [when subtracted from 9] which is 8. Calculate 1/9 of 8. You get 2/3 + 1/6 + 1/18. Find the remainder of this 8 After subtracting 2/3 + 1/6 + 1/18. You get 7 + 1/9. Multiply 7 + 1/9 by 4 + 1/2. You get 32. Behold this is its surface [area]! You have found it correctly. Let d be the diameter and S be the surface area. S = 2d(8/9)(8/9)d = = 256/81 = 3 + 1/9 + 1/27 + 1/81 参考资料 http://www.math./mad/Ancient-Africa/mad_ancient_egyptpapyrus.html#moscow%20papyrus https://mathstat./escher/index.php/The_Mathematical_Papyri https://www./press/periodicals/convergence/mathematical-treasure-the-rhind-and-moscow-mathematical-papyri https://mathshistory./HistTopics/Egyptian_papyri/ |
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