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构想一种经典性的万有理论

 倍魄 2022-11-08 发布于河北

Conceiving a classical Theory of Everything

作者:倍魄

Author: Beipol

⒈提要

i Abstract

对宇宙总是遵循最简洁的规律运行的信念已被科学探索实践概括为奥卡姆剃刀原理。而还原主义始终是物理学的传统,从原子论到弦论莫非如此。道论试图秉持还原主义和奥卡姆剃刀原理,构建一套最简单的万有理论。它的概要有六:用正四面体作基块恰能堆砌出三种螺旋对称体,它们恰好可解释宇宙射线中的质子α粒子电子的稳定性,而它们又恰好是宇宙射线最首要的三种成分;电荷性并非粒子的内禀属性。即便有质子静置在物质中,它们也不具有所谓电荷,因而对原子核和强力的构想应被奥卡姆剃刀剔除;恒星持续向太空放射γ粒子和中微子。中微子拥有静质量并极具穿透力,γ粒子是更高能的中微子。这些极其密集的高速中微子与物体发生碰撞,产生的碰撞弹力的合力其实是一种推斥力(近似符合平方反比律);中微子产生推斥力时进入低能状态。低能态中微子暗物质的主要成分)在天体周围越聚越多并越来越黏稠暗物质流体包裹在恒星及行星外面,会对天体施加黏性力(合力为炁载力),辅助道斥力推动天体运行如果宇宙始于大爆炸,则在爆炸边缘区域,道斥力顺着爆炸方向趋于增大,而以太的黏度变小导致恒星的惯性质量变小。两种趋势叠加令边缘区域的恒星加速远离彼此,导致似乎有什么暗能量推动宇宙加速膨胀。

The belief that the universe always operates according to the most concise laws has been summarized by the practice of scientific exploration as the Occam Razor Principle. And reductionism has always been the tradition of physics, from atomism to string theory. Daoeory attempts to construct the simplest Theory of Everything based on reductionism and Occam Razor Principle. There are 6 general outlines: Using regular tetrahedrons as elementary blocks can just stack three symmetry helixes, which can exactly explain the stability of protons, α particles and electrons in cosmic rays, and they happen to be the three most important components of cosmic rays; Chargeability is not an intrinsic property of particles. Even if protons are stationary in matter, they have no charge, so the conception of atomic nuclei and strong interaction should be eliminated by Occam's razor; Stars continuously emit γ particles and neutrinos into space. Neutrinos have static mass and are extremely penetrating, γ particles are higher energy neutrinos. These extremely dense high-speed neutrinos collide with objects, and the resultant force of the collision elastic force is actually a kind of repulsion force (approximately in line with the inverse square law); Neutrinos enter a low-energy state when they generate a repulsion. Low-energy neutrinos (the main component of dark matter) gather more and more viscosity around celestial bodies; The dark matter fluid which wrapping around the stars and planets, will exert viscous forces (the combined force is defined as an aethcous force) on the celestial body, and assist the daopulsion to push the celestial body to run; If the universe started with the Big Bang, in the marginal region of the explosion, the daopulsion tends to increase in the direction of the explosion, while the viscosity of the aether becomes smaller and the inertial mass of the star decreases. The combination of the two trends accelerates stars in the marginal region away from each other, causing what appears to be some dark energy is driving the universe to accelerate expansion.

论文的末尾给出了一些检验道论的可能方向。

At the end of the paper, some possible directions for testing Daoeory are suggested.

⒉道论:一种还原主义的以太论

ii Daoeory: A reductionist aether theory

2022年4月7日,费米实验室的对撞机探测器(CDF)实验合作研究组在《科学》杂志上发表的一篇封面文章中宣布,他们已经对W玻色子的质量进行了有史以来最精确的测量,发现其实际质量比粒子物理学标准模型预测的质量高出了7个标准差,这意味着偶然随机因素导致数据错误的概率仅为约4000亿分之一。

On April 7, 2022, the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) experimental collaboration studies announced in the journal Science that they had made the most precise measurement ever of the mass of the W boson and found its actual mass to be seven standard deviations higher than the mass predicted by the Standard Model of Particle Physics, meaning that the probability of data error caused by accidental random factors is only about 1 in 400 billion.

自建立至今,标准模型从未能将重力纳入视野,除了中微子质量非零和W玻色子超重等实验事实,暗物质和暗能量等神秘莫名的假定都要求我们必须着手创立新物理学,超越标准模型。然而从自然哲学独立发展成为纷繁的学科以来,物理学始终根基于还原主义的思想和方法。先是英国人道尔顿建立了近代的原子论,尔后是德国人普朗克揭开了量子力学的帷幕,物理学家寻觅宇宙基元的目光越来越聚焦于更加细小空间尺度。最初假定原子是不可再分的基块,到了标准模型这里,宇宙成了夸克、光子、中微子等远远小于原子的繁多碎块的复杂拼凑。弦理论和超弦理论都把宇宙假设为不低于10维的高维时空结构,用这种繁杂性换取还原主义的单一基始:纯能量的弦。

Since its inception, the Standard Model has never been able to incorporate gravity into view, in addition to experimental facts such as neutrino mass non-zero and the unexpected measurement of W boson mass, the abundance of unexplained physical phenomena behind the dark matter and dark energy assumptions suggests that we must begin to build new physics that go beyond the Standard Model. However, since the independent development from natural philosophy into a miscellaneous discipline, physics has always been based on the ideas and methods of reductionism. First the British Dalton established the modern atomism, and then the German Planck unveiled the curtain on quantum mechanics, and physicists' search for cosmic elements became more and more focused on tinier spatial scales. Initially assuming atoms to be indivisible elementary blocks, in the case of the Standard Model, the universe became a complex patchwork of quarks, photons, neutrinos, and other fragments far smaller than atoms. Both string theory and superstring theory assume that the universe is a high-dimensional space-time structure of no less than 10 dimensions, and exchanges this complexity for the single element of reductionism: strings of energy.

这是一个简单的事实:物理学一直在还原主义地假定宇宙的最小单元,先是从原子换成标准模型的基本粒子,再换成弦,思想和方法论一贯未变,只不过那个假定的单元越来越小。

This is a simple reductionist fact: physics has always been assuming the tiniest element of the universe, which has been changed from atoms to elementary particles (in Standard Model) and then to strings, and ideas and methodologies remain unchanged, except that the assumed elements are getting smaller and smaller.

1956年7月在《科学》杂志上,美国的柯万和莱因斯等人宣布他们在实验中直接检测到了中微子(这一成果获得了1995年诺贝尔奖)时,爱因斯坦已经辞世一年有余。最迟至1930年,爱因斯坦还在一些文章中阐述自己对“新以太”的观点,用以回应洛伦兹在1916年一封来信中的推测(“以太会在广义相对论中被重新引入”)。1920年5月5日,爱因斯坦在莱顿大学演讲:“根据广义相对论,没有以太的空间是不可想象的。因为在这样的空间中,不仅不存在光的传播,而且不可能存在空间和时间标准(测量棒和时钟),因此也不可能存在物理意义上的任何时空间隔。”

In the July 1956 issue of Science, when Cowan and Reines published confirmation that they had directly detected the neutrino in experiment (a result that won the 1995 Nobel Prize), Einstein had been passed away for more than a year. As late as 1930, Einstein was still articulating his views on the "new aether" in a number of articles in response to Lorentz's speculation in a letter from 1916 ("the aether will be re-introduced within general relativity"). Einstein gave an address on 5 May 1920 at the University of Leiden: "According to general relativity, space without the aether is unthinkable. Because in such a space, not only is there no propagation of light, but there can be no spatial and temporal standards (measuring rods and clocks), and therefore there can be no space-time interval in the physical sense. "

借此演讲,爱因斯坦表明他把以太视为一种必然的媒介,用来填充被大质量天体弯曲的时空,并且以太或许以某种方式参与电磁场与重力场的统一。事实上,在完成广义相对论之后,爱因斯坦一直寻找统一场论的构建方法。其思想方法与弦理论一样是还原主义的。但爱因斯坦思维的深刻性和开创性,前有牛顿堪与比肩,但其身后绝无来者。至少就物理学而言,还原主义没有任何问题,有问题的是绝少有人具有革命性的洞见,不能察觉更不能跳脱习惯思维的路径依赖。那些识时务的聪明人理解不了爱因斯坦的执拗和落伍。但时间将证明爱因斯坦和以太更接近宇宙的真相,而那些赶量子和弦论时髦的聪明人却犯了方向性的错误。

Through this speech, Einstein showed that he saw the aether as an inevitable medium for filling space-time bent by massive celestial bodies, and that the aether might somehow participate in the unification of the electromagnetic and gravitational fields. In fact, after completing general relativity, Einstein kept looking for ways to construct a unified field theory. His method of thought is as reductionist as string theory. But the profundity and groundbreaking nature of Einstein's thinking were comparable to Newton in front of him, but would not be approached by the latecomers. At least as far as physics is concerned, there is nothing wrong with reductionism, and what is problematic is that few people have revolutionary insights, so that they can neither detect nor escape the path dependence of habitual thinking. Those wise men who knew the times could not understand Einstein's stubbornness and obsolescence. But time will prove that Einstein and the aether are closer to the truth of the universe, and the smart people who catch up with the fashion of quantum or string theory have made the mistake of directionality.

γ粒子和中微子所拥有的超强穿透能力暗含着引力以及与以太相关的真正奥秘。洞悉其中的奥秘首先要打破不善质疑、人云亦云的惰性思维。但前提条件是物理实验已经确认宇宙中存在这样的穿透能力。可惜,柯万和莱因斯等人的发现错过了爱因斯坦和他的洞察力和以太观。尤其后来当贝尔不等式的实验结果也被认为是量子力学对爱因斯坦的胜利,似乎整个物理学界都认为以太论连同晚年的爱因斯坦都已经完全彻底地过时了。但其实,中微子的穿透力被确认之后,发现引力的奥秘就像是水到渠成的逻辑推导,只要你有些科学史常识并赞赏爱因斯坦的执拗而不是费曼式的机灵。

The super-penetrating power of γ particles and neutrinos implies the true mystery of gravity and that associated with the aether. To understand the mystery here, we must first break the inert thinking that is not good at questioning and following others. But the premise is that physical experiments have confirmed the existence of such penetration capabilities in the universe. Unfortunately, the discoveries of Cowan and Reines missed Einstein and his view of the aether and his insight. Especially later, when the experimental results of Bell's inequality were also considered the triumph of quantum mechanics over Einstein, it seems that the entire physics community believed that the aether theory, along with Einstein in his later years, was completely obsolete. But in fact, after the penetrating power of neutrinos is confirmed, discovering the mystery of gravity is like a logical and inevitable derivation process, as long as you have some common sense in the history of science and appreciate Einstein's stubbornness rather than Feynman-style cleverness.

⒊所谓内禀的电荷属性不过是指称粒子的旋转动能

iii Not the intrinsic charge but the extrinsic rotational kinetic energy

在足球场上梅西和C罗分别擅长左脚和右脚,由于流体动力学的伯努利定理可推导的马格努斯效应,梅西常踢出向右弯曲的“电子”香蕉球,C罗更常打出向左偏转的“质子”弧线球。这当然是对在云室中带电粒子在磁场作用下显示弧形运动轨迹的类比和理解。容易想象在月球上踢球的情景,由于那里没有空气只有较弱的重力,再伟大的球员也无法像在地球的赛场上那样踢出漂亮的弧线球。

On the football field, Messi and C Ronaldo are good at the left foot and the right foot respectively, due to the Magnus Effect derivable from Bernoulli's theorem in fluid dynamics, Messi often kicks the "electron" banana ball that curves to the right, and C Ronaldo often plays the "proton" arc ball that is deflected to the left. This is, of course, an analogy and understanding of charged particles in a cloud chamber that show arc trajectories under the action of a magnetic field. It's easy to imagine playing on the moon, where there is no air but weak gravity, and even the greatest player can't play a beautiful arc ball like he would on Earth.

更进一步可以推论:所谓的粒子携带的电荷并非是粒子的内禀属性,而是处在流体中的粒子做旋转运动同时做位移运动的不同情况下的外在运动表现。足球在飞行中向右弯还是左弯,取决于它被踢出的方式。同样,电子(或正电子)和质子(或反质子)在脱离物质变成自由粒子时,由于受激发的方式不同,它们的偏转方向相异。简单地看,电子、质子和足球一样都遵从同样的流体动力学定律。

It can be further inferred that the so-called charge carried by particles is not the intrinsic property of the particle, but the external motion performance of the particles in the fluid under different conditions of rotational motion and displacement motion. Whether the football bends to the right or the left during flight depends on how it is kicked out. Similarly, electrons (or positrons) and protons (or antiprotons), when they break away from matter and become free particles, deflect in different directions due to different ways of being excited. Put simply, electrons, protons, and footballs all obey the same laws of fluid dynamics.

密立根通过油滴实验测算电子的电荷量,并借此赢得1923年的诺贝尔物理学奖,但显然那个测量是针对众多电子的整体力学表现进行的操作。这种只需做简单算术除法的思路是对科学精神的羞辱。试想,我们可以用温度计直接测量一罐密闭氢气的温度T,再估算这罐氢气所含氢分子的数量m,然后我们可以宣布说每个氢气分子的温度是T/m吗?——这种荒唐的想法恰恰就是现代电学对整体静电表现与电子电荷关系的理解的恰如其分的模仿。

Millikan used the Oil-drop experiment to measure the charge of electrons, which won the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physics, obviously however, that measurement was an operation aimed at the overall mechanical performance of many electrons. This idea of doing simple arithmetic division is an insult to the scientific spirit. Imagine that we can use a thermometer to directly measure the temperature T of a tank of closed hydrogen, and then estimate the number m of hydrogen molecules contained in this tank of hydrogen, and then we can declare that the temperature of each hydrogen molecule is T/m? This absurd idea is appropriately the proper imitation of modern electricity's understanding of the relationship between the overall electrostatic performance and the electron charge.

构建道论的思路起点是把电场和磁场中的粒子表现理解为粒子在以太流体中的受力行为。相仿于量子力学中把真空称为狄拉克海,道论称以太流体为炁海。炁海是由不同构型的炁粒组成的一种牛顿流体,宇宙万物都浸泡在炁海中,所有物体的惯性质量都是炁海黏度的正相关函数。道论作为一种还原主义的万有理论,它的基本单元称为玄句。玄句是一块本身具有微小质量ι的正四面体。质量ι的数值大小称为玄量。玄句之间相互聚合的方式有两种:一种是共面贴合,称为玄聚;另一种是因为周围压力而相互紧挨在一起但又非玄聚的情况,称为汇合。设想定域空间里的众多玄句,其中的任意两块玄句要么彼此不聚合,要么彼此玄聚,则这个空间里的聚集的玄句称为一个玄体

The starting point for the construction of Daoeory is to understand the behavior of particles in electric and magnetic fields as the behavior of particles in the aether fluid. Similar to the vacuum is called the Dirac Sea in quantum mechanics, the aether fluid is called the aethea in Daoeory. The aethea is a Newtonian fluid composed of aethles of different configurations, everything in the universe is immersed in the aethea, and the inertial mass of all objects is a positive correlation function of the viscosity of the aethea. As a reductionist Theory of Everything, the elementary unit is called mystheelin Daoeory. A mystheel is a regular tetrahedron with a tiny mass ι in itself. The numerical magnitude of the mass ι is called the mystmass. There are two ways for mystheels to converge with each other: one is coplanar fit, called mystfit; Another situation where they are close together because of the pressure around them but not mystfit is called assemble. Imagine a large number of mystheels in a localized space, and any two of the mystheels are either not aggregated with each other or are mystfit with each other, then the clustered mystheels in this space are called a mysty.

理论上,玄体可以通过不断玄聚而占据越来越大的空间,乃至于无穷。但另一方面,越大的玄体越容易分裂为两个或多个较小的玄体。这种玄体分裂的过程称为玄裂。正是由于玄裂总是普遍发生着,所以我们在宇宙射线里能发现的最重的玄体就是α粒子。此外加上质子和电子就几乎构成了宇宙射线所有成分。α粒子、质子和电子被认为是不会玄裂的,所以它们才可以跨越茫茫宇宙来到地球,它们的抗玄裂的稳定性能在其构型上找到原因吗?

A mysty can occupy more and more space, even infinitely, through continuous mystfit in principle. But on the other hand, the larger the mysty, the easier it is to split into two or more smaller mysties. This process of division is called mystear. It is precisely because mystear is always common that the heaviest mysties we can find in cosmic rays are α particles. Besides these, protons and electrons make up almost all the components of cosmic rays. α particles, protons and electrons are thought to be non-mystearing, so they can cross the vast universe to Earth, can their anti-mystear stability find a reason in their configuration?

原则上我们知道抗玄裂的玄体不能太大,且须要最大程度地轴对称,于是我们很快就锁定了三种玄体,取名为妙子徼子归子,它们恰好分别对应于电子、质子和α粒子。并且①它们都是左手三螺旋结构;②归子的绕轴螺旋在空间上几乎完美地圆周闭合,这意味着不可能存在比α粒子更重的抗玄裂粒子;③绕轴对称且不重于归子的螺旋玄体有且只有三种,它们统称为道螺。三种道螺完美解释了宇宙射线的稳定构成。

In principle, we knew that mystear-resistant mysties should not be too large and should be as axisymmetric as possible, so we quickly locked in three kinds of mysties, named subnos,finos, and cynos, which correspond to electrons, protons, and α particles, respectively.And (1) they are all left-handed triple helix structures; (2) The orbital helix of the cyno closes almost perfectly in space, which means that there can be no heavier anti-mystear particles than α particles; (3) There are only three kinds of helix mysties that are axisymally symmetrical and not heavier than the cynos, and they are collectively called daohelix. The three daohelixes perfectly explain the stable composition of cosmic rays.

  为了展示这些玄体的空间构型,我们用红、绿、蓝三色标示由玄句的部分棱和顶点组成的三螺旋结构。为此,每个玄句的4个顶点都能恰好分别被三色中的一色标记,且不会遗漏或重复标记任一顶点。这样,每个玄句的4个顶点有且只有两个为同一标色。再将这两个顶点之间的棱标为与顶点同色,其余的5条棱不显示或通常地标记为灰色。如右图,归子由30块玄句组成。从相互等距缠绕的左手三重螺旋的侧方看,它们在逆时针旋转,并向下旋紧。

As shown in the right figure, in order to display the spatial configuration of these mysties more prominently, we use red, green, and blue to mark the triple helix structure composed of the edges and vertices of the mystheels. Therefore, the 4 vertices of each mystheel can be marked exactly by one of the three colors, and no vertex is omitted or repeatedly marked. Thus, only two of the 4 vertices of each mystheel are of the same color. The edge between these two vertices is then labeled as the same color as the vertex, and the remaining 5 edges are not displayed or are usually marked in gray. As can be seen, a cyno consists of 30 mystheels. Viewed from the side of the left-handed triple helices that are equally spaced around each other, they rotate counterclockwise and tighten downwards.

由于三重螺旋是如左图所示的玄体,所有正四面体玄句都内接于一个圆柱体。我们将这个圆柱体的中轴称为毂轴。从毂轴的轴向看,每条螺旋包含的10条被标色的棱都近乎恰好闭合为一个圆周。若以左上图的最高蓝色顶点为球心,通过最下方的红色顶点做球面,可以计算出每条螺旋距完美圆周的偏差。若用立体角呈现,则这个偏差值仅为0.000098312780175球面度。

Since the triple helix is a mysty as shown in the upper left figure, all the mystheels are joined to a cylinder. We call the central axis of this cylinder the hub axis (HA). From the axial direction of HA, the 10 colored edges contained by each helix are almost exactly closed into a circle. If we take the highest blue vertex in the upper left figure as the center of the sphere, and make the sphere through the red vertex at the bottom, we can calculate the deviation of each helix from the perfect circumference. If presented with solid angles, this deviation value is only 0.000098312780175 spherical degrees.

妙子徼子都是归子玄句链条的片段。三重螺旋至少要由4块玄句拼接,妙子则是最接近球体的这种左手螺旋。徼子的螺旋链长是8块玄句。

Either a subnoor a fino is a fragment of the chain of mystheels intercepted from a cyno. The triple helix is spliced by at least 4 mystheels, and a subno is the left-handed helix that most closely resembles a sphere. The length of the helix chain of a fino is 8 mystheels.

道论假定玄句质量为ι,则妙子的质量应当是4ι,徼子的质量是8ι。如果道论的模型是正确的,则质子的静止质量仅为电子静止质量的两倍。但是现有物理测量给出的结果是质子质量比电子质量高出1835.5倍。如此大的差异缘于理论模型不同,且现实的测量操作总是针对运动电子和质子,导致对测量结果的解读相去甚远。

Daoeory assumes that the rest mass of a mystheel is one mystmass ι, then the rest mass of a subno should be 4ι, and the rest mass of a fino is 8ι. If the model in Daoeory is correct, the rest mass of a proton is only twice the rest mass of an electron. But existing physical measurements give the result that the mass of the proton is 1835.5 times higher than the mass of the electron. Such a large difference is due to the difference in theoretical models, and the fact that the actual measurement operations are always aimed at moving electrons and protons, resulting in a far different interpretation of the measurement results.

上面所说的不同解读主要表现为两个方面:①现代物理学认为电子和质子的电荷是内禀属性,并且不思考它们的空间尺寸和形状。但道论认为妙子和徼子是由相同的正四面体基块(玄句)玄聚而成的玄体,具有确定的空间尺寸、构型和螺旋手性,且妙子和徼子分别就是电子和质子的模型,所谓的电荷属性只是手性螺旋粒子两种不同旋转方向表现出来的外在属性。电子和质子等带电粒子所携带的能量中,有很大一部分转动动能;②现代物理学则既不认为带电粒子拥有旋转动能,也在测量质子的半径和解释质子自旋的来源时遇到困难。

The different interpretations described above are mainly manifested in two aspects: (1) Modern physics considers the charges of electrons and protons to be intrinsic properties, and does not think about their spatial size and shape. However, Daoeory believes that subnos and finos are mysties formed by the same regular tetrahedral elementary blocks (mystheels), with a certain spatial size, configuration and spiral chirality, and subnos and finos are models of electrons and protons, respectively, and the so-called charge properties are only the extrinsic properties of chiral spiral particles in two different directions of rotation. A considerable part of the energy carried by charged particles such as electrons and protons are the kinetic energy of rotation; (2) Modern physics does not assume that charged particles have rotational kinetic energy, and also encounters difficulties in measuring the radius of protons and explaining the source of protons' spin.

当然,还原主义的物理学原则上没有终点。比道论更细致的万有理论应当可以解释为什么玄句是正四面体。但如果面对可观测的物理现象,道论比标准模型更简洁、更自洽且更具解释力,那么道论将它的本元停止于玄句而不去深究更细小的原因是完全可接受的。

Of course, reductionist physics in principle has no end. A more nuanced Theory of Everything than Daoeory should explain why the mystheel is a regular tetrahedron. But if, in the face of measurable and observable physical phenomena, Daoeory is more concise, more self-consistent, and more explanatory than the Standard Model, then it is completely acceptable that Daoeory stops its element from mystheel without delving into tinier reasons.

依据中间轴定理,玄体会有一长一短两个稳定转轴,但考虑炁海的作用,则玄体只有绕长轴旋转才能确保不玄裂,因此称为稳轴(SA)。显然,毂轴是稳轴

According to the tennis racket theorem, a mysty has two stable axes of one long and one short, but considering the role of the aethea, the mysty can only be rotated around the long axis to prevent mystear, so it is called the stable axis (SA). Obviously, a HA is a SA.

设想一个玄体围绕着稳轴高速旋转并在垂直于稳轴的平面做位置移动,这种旋转玄体的位置移动称为马格努斯运动。显然,玄体的长度越短,马格努斯运动的弯曲运动路径越能比拟足球在空气中的飞行。

Suppose a mysty is rotating around its SA while moving at a position in a plane perpendicular to the SA, then we will call the position movement of the rotating mysty in this case the Magnus Movement. Obviously, the shorter the length of the mysty, the more the curved path of the Magnus Movement can be compared to the flight of a football in the air.

在云室里自由电子留下弯曲的路径可看作是在微观世界的炁海中发生的马格努斯运动。假如在云室施加磁场,相当于增加炁海流体的黏度,使得马格努斯运动的弯曲程度更明显。此外还有一种沿着稳轴方向的玄体移动,我们称之为轴向运动。所有呈电中性的运动粒子要么不旋转或者其转动处于低能状态,要么就是做轴向运动。道论猜测,γ粒子和中微子是同一种做轴向运动的粒子,只是γ粒子的能量更高。道论将这样的玄体粒子称为从子(右图)。γ粒子和中微子源自玄聚反应,它们的强穿透力是由从子的“子弹”式构型和轴向运动的移动方式共同造成的。

The curved paths left by free electrons in the cloud chamber can be seen as the Magnus Movement that takes place in the aethea of the microscopic world. If a magnetic field is applied to the cloud chamber, the viscosity of the aethea fluid will increase, and the Magnus Movement will be more curved. In addition, there is a kind of movement of the mysty along the stable axis, which we call axial movement. All electrically neutral moving particles either do not rotate or rotate in a low-energy state, or move in an axial direction. Daoeory speculates that γ particles and neutrinos are the same kind of particles that move axially, but γ particles are more energetic. Daoeory calls such mysty particles binos (upper right). γ particles and neutrinos originate from the mystfit reaction, and their strong penetration is caused by the combination of the "bullet" configuration of the bino and the way they move axially.

上面提到的马格努斯运动和轴向运动都是在炁海里发生的玄体的运动形式。在道论中,道螺和从子都是抗玄裂的玄体,它们或存在于来自于恒星的宇宙射线中,或在人工实验里被撞击产生,成为飞行在宇宙太空或炁海里自由电子、自由质子、自由α粒子和中微子。玄体在玄裂过程中会产生静止质量不大于妙子的玄体,我们称这些质量较小的玄体为炁粒。炁海就是由这些炁粒汇合而成。如下表3-1列出了炁粒的具体名称和构型。由于目前尚无可预见的实验检测方案,我们还不能像对于地球大气层那样分析和测定炁海如何沉积和包裹地球。但由于可见光的媒介就是这些炁粒所承载的波动,炁海就是光以太,迈克尔逊-莫雷实验出现的零结果并不奇怪,因为在地球表层以太就是相对静止的。

The above-mentioned Magnus Movement and axial movement are both forms of movement of mysties that take place in the aethea. In Daoeory, both the daohelixes and the binos are anti-mystear mysties, which either exist in cosmic rays from stars or are generated by collisions in artificial experiments, becoming free electrons, free protons, free α particles and binos flying in space or aethea. During the mystear process, a mysty produces mysties with a rest mass no greater than subno's, and we call these lesser-mass mysties the aethles. The aethea is formed by the assembling of these aethles. The specific names and configurations of these mysthles are listed in Table 3-1 below. Unfortunately, there is no predictable experimental operation scheme for us to analyze and determine the details about how the aethea deposits and wraps around the earth like we determined the Earth's atmosphere. But since the medium of visible light is the fluctuations carried by these aethles, and the aethea is the luminiferous aether, the zero result of the Michelson Morey experiment is not surprising, because the aether is relatively static on the Earth's surface.

⒋从道论解释光电效应和磁

iv Explain photoelectric effect and permanent magnets from Daoeory

在道论中,我们将道螺和从子统称为道子。在凝聚态物质当中,玄体通常静止不动。欧内斯特·卢瑟福是使用高能的α射线(高速运动的归子流)轰击氮气才发现了从氮气分子中逃出来的自由质子(徼子)。光电效应激发出光电子(妙子)不需要太高的能量。当可见光从外部照射金属表面,因为都是左手螺旋结构,道螺会被入射光激励而逆时针旋转,或被反射光迫使顺时针旋转。可见光在炁海中以炁旋方式传播。炁旋可承载能量较小,可见光的照射至多让妙子逃出金属表面成为自由光电子,完全无法产生自由质子,更别说α粒子。激光拥有的能量远高于可见光,它可以激发妙子逆时针旋转而钻透金箔,成为进入炁海的正电子。

In Daoeory, daohelixes and binos are collectively referred to as daonos. In condensed matter, the mysties are usually stationary. Ernest Rutherford used high-energy α rays (high-speed cyno flows) to bombard nitrogen and found free protons (finos) that escaped from nitrogen molecules. The photoelectric effect does not require too high energy to excite photoelectrons (subnos). While visible light shines on metal surfaces from the outside, because they are all left-hand helix configurational, the daohelixes are excited by the incident light and rotates counterclockwise, or forced to rotate clockwise by the reflected light. visible light travels in an aetheddy manner in the aethea. The aetheddy can carry less energy, and the visible light irradiation allows subnos to escape from the metal surface and become free photoelectrons, completely unable to produce free protons, let alone α particles. The laser has much more energy than visible light, and it can excite subnos to rotate counterclockwise and drill through the gold leaf, becoming a positrons entering the aethea.

当光电效应发生时,妙子(电子)像被高速旋松的螺钉飞出物质表层,成为自由光电子(妙粒)。这可以解释为什么光电子被侦测到大多数是沿垂直于(金属)物质表面的方向射出的,并且与光线入射时的角度无关。因为无数次的随机碰撞调整了妙子(电子)的旋出路径,令其中的大多数经历较短的逃出路径,而垂直于(金属)物质表面的路径恰好是最短的。我们将这种妙子逃脱成为自由光电子的过程称为赫兹逃逸。显然,赫兹逃逸是在凝聚态固体环境里发生的过程曲折的轴向运动

When the photoelectric effect occurs, subnos (electrons) fly out of the surface of the material like screws loosened at high speed and become free photoelectrons (subcles). This may explain why photoelectrons are detected mostly in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the (metallic) substance, and are independent of the angle at which the light is incident at the time. Because countless random collisions adjust the screw-out path of subnos (electrons), most of them experience shorter escape paths, while paths perpendicular to the surface of (metallic) matter happen to be the shortest. We call this process of subnos escaping into free photoelectrons Hertz escape. Apparently, Hertz escape is a tortuous axial movement that occurs in a condensed solid environment.

光电效应有所谓截止频率是因为妙子虽然在道螺中最短小,但毕竟有些弯曲,需要金属晶体足够规整,且晶格之间有足够的间隙,妙子才能在电场或光束的帮助下克服晶格的困阻。所谓超导材料就是晶格足够规整的材料,它的晶格已经完全不阻碍妙子的运动。

The photoelectric effect has a so-called cutoff frequency because although subno is the shortest among daohelixes, after all, it is somewhat curved, and it requires the metal crystal to be regular enough and there is enough gap between the lattices for subno to overcome the lattice obstacles with the help of an electric field or beam. The so-called superconducting material is a material whose lattice is regular enough, and its lattice has completely not hindered the movement of subnos.

再讨论电和磁。在包裹着地球等行星的炁海中,炁粒会随机运动。因为不断来自太阳辐射的太阳风粒子和中微子会密集地进入炁海,搅动炁粒并引起作为牛顿流体的炁海的波动,即炁波。人工电路里制造的电子有固定频率的振荡形成的炁波就是无线电波,只不过振幅和频率有所区别,但与中微子的搅动一样,本质上都是这种“新以太”的波动,都是所谓的电弱交互作用。人工设备还能制造匀强电场和静磁场。从道论来看,它们都是巨量的妙子搅动出的炁波相互叠加出来的炁粒的有规律的整体流动的宏观表现。这种炁粒的整体流动称为炁流。炁海中单位体积内包含炁粒的数量,即炁粒密度称为炁压。炁流的流动路径常常是自我闭合的,称之为炁旋。通电螺线管能把炁旋密集地挤压在螺线管内部,是人工增强炁压的手段。但没有炁旋的炁海部分,炁压并非0。

Let's talk about electricity and magnetism. In the aethea surrounding the planets such as Earth, the aethles move randomly. Because the solar wind particles and neutrinos that constantly come from solar radiation will intensively enter the aethea, stirring the aethles and causing fluctuations in the aethea (Newtonian fluid), that is, the aether waves. The aether waves formed by the vibrations of the electrons manufactured in artificial circuits with fixed frequencies are radio waves, but the amplitudes and frequencies are different, but like the agitation of neutrinos, they are essentially the fluctuations of this "new aether", which are the so-called electroweak interactions. Artificial equipment can also create uniform electric and static magnetic fields. From Daoeory point of view, they are all macroscopic manifestations of the regular overall flow of the aethles superimposed by the huge amount of subnos. The overall flow of these aethles is called the aethflow. The number of aethles contained in the unit volume of the aethea, that is, the density of the aethles is called the aethpress. The flow path of the aethflow is often self-closing, called the aetheddy. The energized solenoid can squeeze the aetheddy densely inside the solenoid, which is a means of artificially enhancing the aethpress. But the aethpress of the part of aethea where has no aetheddy is not 0.

指南针能指出炁海中炁流的方向,说明永磁体只允许炁流单向通过自己,即永磁体具有单向通炁性。设想地球磁场和永磁体的能量来源于太阳或宇宙中微子是合理的。可以猜想永磁体内部存在一种机制,把中微子携带的动能转换成炁旋携带的磁能,我们称其为炁能。如果人类能够以此制造出廉价的转磁器,这或许意味着新的清洁能源的炁能时代。

The compass can point out the direction of the aethflow in the aethea, indicating that the permanent magnet only allows the aethflow to pass through itself in one direction, that is, the permanent magnet has unidirectional permeability for aethflow. It is reasonable to assume that the energy of geomagnetic fields and permanent magnets comes from solar or cosmic neutrinos. It can be assumed that there is a mechanism inside the permanent magnet that converts the kinetic energy carried by the neutrino into the magnetic energy carried by the aetheddy, which we call the aethal energy. If humans can use this to create cheap magnetic generator, this may mean a new era of clean aethal energy.

如左图所示,永磁体的相异磁极的相互吸引的现象可通过伯努利效应给出简明的解释。由此亦可断言:宇宙中不需要也不可能存在磁单极子

As shown in the figure on the left, the phenomenon of mutual attraction between the opposite poles of two permanent magnets can be explained succinctly by the Bernoulli effect. It can also be asserted that there is no need and no way to find magnetic monopoles in the universe.

⒌主宰宇宙的不是引力而是道斥力

v It is not gravitation but Daopulsion who dominates the universe

梶田隆章于1998年借由超级神冈探测器,阿瑟·麦克唐纳于2001年通过萨德伯里中微子观测站的观测实验,他们各自发现了中微子振荡的确实证据,从而证实了中微子质量非零。二人也因此获得了2015年的诺贝尔物理学奖。依据太阳的标准模型推算,每一秒钟,在地球表面朝向太阳的区域内的每平方厘米上都会穿过大约650亿个来自太阳的中微子。美国天体物理学家查理·康瑞等人通过对来自星系的光强度分析,认为宇宙中的恒星数量大约有3×1023之多。其中的每一颗恒星都像太阳一样每时每刻向宇宙的各个方向以接近光速放射着巨量的携带动量及能量的中微子。

In 1998, Takaaki Kajita at the Super-Kamiokande, and Arthur B. McDonald at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory in 2001, they found conclusive evidence of neutrino oscillation, thus confirming that the neutrino mass is non-zero. Therefore, they won the 2015 Nobel Prize in physics. Based on the standard model of the sun, about 65 billion neutrinos from the sun pass through every square centimeter of the earth's surface facing the sun every second. By analyzing the light intensity from galaxies, American astrophysicist Charlie Conroy and others believe that the number of stars in the universe is about 3×1023. Like the sun, each star emits a huge number of neutrinos carrying momentum and energy at nearly the speed of light to all directions of the universe all the time.

如此巨量且密集的中微子冲击万物和天体产生冲量是必然会发生物理过程,而每个物理个体所承受的这些冲量的矢量总和就是所谓的万有引力

It is inevitable that so many and dense neutrinos will impact all things and celestial bodies to generate impulses, and the vector sum of these impulses borne by each physical individual is the so-called gravitation.

1911至1912年,维克托·赫斯在多次的气球冒险飞行中进行实验,发现了绝非来自太阳的宇宙射线。他为此获得了1936年诺贝尔物理学奖。在未进入大气层的初级宇宙射线中,约99%是已知原子的裸核,约1%是自由电子。在原子裸核中,约90%是自由质子;9%是α粒子;1%是较重元素的原子核,称为HZE离子。

Victor Hess, who undertook the experiments during several adventurous balloon flights from 1911 to 1912, discovered cosmic rays that were by no means from the sun. For this he was awarded the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics. Of primary cosmic rays that do not enter the atmosphere, about 99% are the bare nuclei of well-known atoms, and about 1% are solitary electrons. Of the nuclei, about 90% are simple protons; 9% are alpha particles; and 1% are the nuclei of heavier elements, called HZE ions.

宇宙射线被实证地发现说明在太阳系或地球发生的物理过程确实会受到遥远恒星的影响,即使这些恒星远在数亿光年之外。这当然不容易并且稀少。因为电子(妙子)、质子(徼子)和α粒子(归子)必须保持轴向运动的姿态才能在浩瀚的宇宙真空中飞行得更快更远,而一旦靠近恒星的作用范围,它们就可能因受到扰动而由轴向运动转变为马格努斯运动,并且最终被所经过的恒星捕获。而γ粒子或中微子(从子)不是螺旋结构,因此可以始终保持轴向运动的姿态,从而很高比例地从宇宙的一端一直旅行到另一端。

Cosmic rays have been positively found to suggest that physical processes that occur in the solar system or on Earth are indeed affected by distant stars, even if those stars are hundreds of millions of light-years away. This is certainly rare and no easy. Because electrons (subnos), protons (finos), and α particles (cynos) must maintain an axial movement posture to travel faster and farther in the vast cosmic vacuum, and once close to a star's sphere of action, they may be disturbed and change from axial movement to Magnus Movement, and eventually captured by the star they pass by. γ particles or neutrinos (binos) are not spiral structures and can therefore always maintain an attitude of axial movement, thus are capable of traveling in high proportion from one end of the universe all the way to the other.

前面引用的宇宙射线的构成占比数据是基于能量测量的,中微子和γ粒子未被计入其中。原因是传统上γ射线被当成高频无线电而非有静质量的粒子,而中微子被教条地认为只参与弱相互作用。但道论认为,虽然现在公认的宇宙射线的粒子也参与形成所谓万有引力,但与中微子和γ粒子相比,宇宙射线的贡献占比很小。原因是中微子虽然只能形成很小的冲量,但基数极高,到达率也极高。可以断言宇宙中的每颗哈勃球内的恒星都正在贡献和参与太阳系和地球上的所谓万有引力作用。

The composition of cosmic rays cited earlier is based on energy measurements, with neutrinos and γ particles not counted. The reason is that γ rays have traditionally been treated as high-frequency radios rather than particles with static mass, while neutrinos are dogmatically believed to be involved only in weak interactions. But Daoeory holds that although the now recognized particles of cosmic rays are also involved in the formation of so-called gravity, cosmic rays contribute very little compared to neutrinos and γ particles. The reason is that although a single neutrino can only form a very tiny impulse, but the entire neutrinos have an extremely high base and an extremely high arrival rate. It can be asserted that every star within the Hubble sphere in the universe is contributing and participating in the so-called gravitational interactions in the solar system and on Earth.

关于所谓引力真相的逻辑可谓唾手可得。但有两个原因遮蔽住了明显的事实。一是万有引力作用除了我们司空见惯的引力本身,没有其它可测量的次级效应,我们若想证实道论只能依靠三条:①逻辑推理和逻辑自洽;②理论模型的简洁以及对奥卡姆剃刀原理的遵循;③间接的实验证据,比如道论针对暗物质和暗能量的理论预言。可现在还没有这样的间接证据。

The logic of the truth about so-called gravity should have been as easy as ABC. But there are two reasons that obscure the obvious facts. First, there are no other measurable secondary effects of gravity except for the gravitational force itself, which we are accustomed to, and we can only rely on three ways to prove Daoeory: (1) logical reasoning and logical self-consistency; (2) the simplicity of theoretical model and the adherence to Occam Razor Principle; (3) indirect experimental evidence, such as the theoretical predictions of Daoeory on dark matter and dark energy. But there is no such circumstantial evidence yet.

事实被遮蔽的第二个原因是人们依旧对以往理论的路径依赖和缺乏怀疑精神,即使有新的实验事实被发现。尤其是明明已经有中微子振荡的证据表明中微子有静质量,并且数量上占压倒性多数,我们又有什么理由排除中微子参与并影响天体运行的资格?这种对过往教条的抱残守缺的状况的确令人吃惊。

The second reason why facts are obscured is that people still rely on the path of previous theories and lack the spirit of suspicion, even if new experimental facts are discovered. In particular, there is already evidence of neutrino oscillations that neutrinos have static masses and are overwhelmingly numerically prevalent, so what reason do we have to rule out the eligibility of neutrinos to participate and affect in the movement of celestial bodies? This stubbornness to the dogmas of the past is indeed astonishing.

尽管怀疑超距作用,牛顿给出的万有引力公式却基于超距作用。牛顿在应用他的理论时是个实用主义者,并且将地面上所谓引力的源头设想为地球中心的神秘吸引。无论如何,他并不设想地面上的重力来自天上的压力,或者是无数小粒子的冲量的合力。

Despite his suspicions of action at a distance, Newton's formula for universal gravitation was based on action at a distance. Newton was a pragmatist in applying his theory and conceived the source of so-called gravity on the ground as a mysterious attraction from the center of the earth. In any case, he did not imagine that gravity on the ground would come from heavenly pressure, or the combined force of the impulse of countless small particles.

爱因斯坦用广义相对论解释重力,他的关于时空弯曲的理论勾勒避免了在接触相互作用和超距作用之间进行选择。尽管对天文现象的解释力广义相对论超过了万有引力公式,但代价是理论的数学模型失之复杂。而在逻辑上爱因斯坦和牛顿一样把重力的根源设想为切近的星体而绝非遥远的群星。他们都认为所谓重力的本质是吸引力而不是碰撞造成的弹斥力。

Einstein explained gravity with general relativity, his theoretical description about the curvature of space-time avoided choosing between contact interaction and distance action. Although the explanatory force of general relativity about some astronomical phenomenon advantages over the formula for universal gravity, it comes at the cost of the mathematical model of the theory being complicated much more. Logically, Einstein, like Newton, set the root of so-called gravity as the close star rather than the distant stars. They all agree that the essence of so-called gravity is attraction rather than the repulsive force caused by collisions.

道论认为宇宙射线和中微子对所有物体施加弹斥力,我们将一个物体受到的所有弹斥力的矢量合定义为道斥力。那么道斥力主要由从子γ粒子中微子)提供,其它主要贡献者依次为徼子质子)、归子α粒子)和妙子电子)。设想空间中物体W,假如相同尺度内W左侧的天体较多且密集而右侧天体较少且稀疏,显然来自左侧的道子会遭遇更多的阻挡并导致W更多受到来自右侧的道子弹斥。这会令W向左侧加速,仿佛W被左侧天体吸引。

Cosmic rays and neutrinos exert repulsive forces on all objects, Daoeory define the vector sum of all the repulsive forces on an object as the Daopulsion. Then the Daopulsion is mainly provided by binos (γ particlesand neutrinos), and the other major contributors are in order the finos(protons), cynos (α particles), and subnos (electrons). Suppose an object W in space, if at the same scale the celestial bodies on the left side of W are numerous and dense, while those on the right side are few and sparse, it is obvious that the daonos from the left will encounter more obstruction and cause W to be more repelled by the daonos from the right. This causes W to accelerate to the left, as if it is attracted by the left celestial bodies.

若太阳圈理论被证实,则宇宙射线里的徼子、归子和妙子会与太阳层顶碰撞后,减速、分散并被太阳磁场将它们与太阳风混合在一起,均匀地散播到太阳圈的气泡层里,保护行星不受宇宙射线的直接冲击,只有少量漏掉的宇宙射线能够到达行星。而行星也往往有自身的磁场保护,使宇宙射线难以直接撞击行星本体。所以太阳系内的行星(比如地球)所受到的道斥力主要由非道螺的从子提供。因为轴向运动的从子不会受到炁旋(磁场)的影响而偏转运动方向。

  上图以太阳为原点,以日­­­­地距离为长度单位,用对数坐标绘出了太阳系的“渺小和孤单”。我们最近的邻居比邻星其实是三合星,距太阳4.22光年。而格利泽445处于靠近北极星的鹿豹座中,旅行者1号将在4万年后与其擦肩。        Taking the sun as the origin and AU as the unit of length, the above figure depicts how "small and lonely" the solar system is with logarithmic coordinates. Our nearest neighbor α-Centauri is 4.22 light years away from the sun. Gliese 445 is in Camelopardus near Polaris, and Voyager 1 will brushed past it in 40000 years.

If the heliospheric theory is confirmed, the cosmic rays of finos, cynos and subnos will collide with the heliopause, be slowed down and dispersed, and mixed with the solar wind by the solar magnetic field, spreading evenly into the bubble layer of the heliosphere, protecting the planet from the direct impact of cosmic rays, and only a small amount of missed cosmic rays can reach the planet. Planets also often have their own magnetic field protection, making it difficult for cosmic rays to directly hit the planetary body. Therefore, the daopulsion on planets in the solar system (such as Earth) is mainly provided by non-spiral binos. Because the binos of axial movement is not affected by the influence of the aether aetheddies (magnetic field) and not deflects the direction of motion.

综上所述,道论最重要的观点是:主宰宇宙天体运行的不是所谓引力,而是斥力。这种由中微子(γ粒子或从子)与天体碰撞而产生的道斥力是整体环境施加过来的外部压力。又由于具有极强的穿透能力,中微子总能把它的道斥力作用在宇宙万物身上。

To sum up, the point of Daoeory is that it is not the so-called gravity that dominates the operation of the celestial bodies in the universe, but the repulsive force.This daopulsion caused by the collision of neutrinos (γ particles or binos) with celestial bodies is an external pressure exerted by the overall environment. And because of its strong penetrating ability, neutrinos can always act their daopulsions on all objects in the universe.

⒍道斥力近似满足距离的平方反比律

vi The daopulsion approximately obeys the inverse square law

宇宙天体和万物并非致密的不可穿透的理想刚体,而是总会被密集的轴向运动的γ粒子和中微子组成的粒子流的大部分毫无阻碍地穿过的筛体。筛体的道阻R(0<R≤1)表征物质对γ粒子和中微子的阻断率。在道论中,引力的概念被“道斥力”替代,那么以往所称的“引力质量”就应称为道斥质量。在单位体积内从子的平均数量则称为道斥压。若Fw代表物体w被施加的道斥力,mw代表w的道斥质量,ρw代表w所处位置的道斥压,我们有Fw正比于mw和ρw的乘积,即Fw∝mwρw

Cosmic celestial bodies and all things are not dense impenetrable ideal rigid bodies, but sieviesthat are always passed unhindered through by most of the intensive streams of γ particles and neutrinos who are in axial movement. The daoresist R(0<R≤1) of the sievy characterizes the rate of blockage of γ particles and neutrinos by substances. In Daoeory, the concept of gravity is replaced by "daopulsion", so the previously called "gravitational mass" should be called daopulsive mass. The average number of daonos per unit volume is called the daopulpress. If Fwrepresents the daopulsion applied to the object w, mw represents the daopulsive mass of w, and ρw represents the daopulpress at the position of w, and we have Fw proportional to the product of mwand ρw, that is, Fw∝mwρw.

设ρs是太阳系的平均道斥压。因为相比浩瀚的宇宙,即使包含整个银河系在其中的室女座超星系团也极其渺小,所以ρs的值会相当巨大,主要取决于哈勃球内恒星的分布状况,因此可将ρs看作一个常数。设想物体W处于太阳系行星轨道范围内距太阳稍远于水星的位置,用ρw表示这个位置的道斥压。则ρw可看作是在ρs的基础上叠加了太阳的两方面的影响。

Let ρs be the mean daopulpress of the Solar System. Because even the Virgo supercluster, which contains the entire Milky Way, is extremely small compared to the vast universe, the value of ρs will be quite large, mainly depending on the distribution of stars in the Hubble sphere, so ρs can be regarded as a constant. Imagine that object W is in the orbit of the planets of the solar system slightly farther from the Sun than Mercury, and ρw is used to represent the daopulpress at this W’s position. Then ρw can be seen as superimposing the two effects of the Sun on the basis of ρs.

太阳给予的第一个叠加影响是它每时每刻释放着中微子流(从子流),这些中微子(从子)从离开太阳到抵达地球只需要8分多钟时间。从太阳看地球的角直径只有1/11,700弧,所以从太阳看地球的立体角只有1/175,000,000球面度。因此,太阳辐射出的能量是地球获得的22亿倍,或换言之约为3.846×1026瓦特。这个太阳总辐射值基本是一个常量,在过去的400年间变动小于0.2%。太阳辐射水平的衡量标准被定义并且测量,称为太阳常数GSC。1981年,世界气象组织(WMO)公布的太阳常数GSC的值是1367±7W/m2

The first superimposed effect given by the Sun is that it releases streams of neutrinos every moment, which take just over 8 minutes from leaving the Sun to reaching Earth. The angular diameter of the Earth as seen from the Sun is approximately 1/11,700 radians (about 18 arcseconds), meaning the solid angle of the Earth as seen from the Sun is approximately 1/175,000,000 of a steradian. Thus, the Sun emits about 2.2 billion times the amount of radiation that is caught by Earth, about 3.846×1026 watts. This total solar radiation is essentially a constant that has varied by less than 0.2% over the past 400 years. A measure of solar radiation levels is defined and measured, called the solar constant GSC. In 1981, the World Meteorological Organization announced that the solar constant GSCwas 1367±7W/m2.

太阳常数GSC也可看作对太阳中微子流的度量,记作Fn。Fn会导致ρw在ρs的基础上有一个小的增量Δρs,我们有Δρs∝4πGSC/175000000。根据我们之前的论述,即使非常遥远的恒星释放的中微子也每时每刻不断抵达太阳系的每一处,这使得Δρs可以被忽略,而几乎丝毫不会改变的ρw数值,即Δρs≈0。

The solar constant GSC can also be seen as a measure of the flow of solar neutrinos, denoted Fn. Fncauses ρw to have a small increment Δρs on the basis of ρs, and we have Δρs∝4πGSC /175000000. According to our previous discussion, even neutrinos released by very distant stars continue to reach every part of the solar system all the time, making Δρsnegligible and almost unchanged ρw value, i.e., Δρs≈0.

太阳的质量占太阳系总体质量的99.86%。作为一个巨大的筛体,太阳贡献给ρw的第二个叠加影响是它过滤掉了无数本该(沿直线)抵达W处的中微子,使得物体W受到的中微子的冲量的矢量总和不是0,而是指向太阳的球心。这些被挡掉的中微子的冲量在太空中真实地缺失掉了,导致了在太阳系空间内的任何区域冲向太阳的中微子总是多于背离太阳的,这所产生的整体效应就是球形梯度的道斥场

The mass of the Sun accounts for 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. As a huge sievy, the second superimposed effect contributed by the Sun to ρw is that it filters out countless neutrinos that should have arrived at W (along the straight line), so that the sum of the vectors of the impulses of neutrinos received by object W is not 0, but points to the center of the sun. The impulse of these blocked neutrinos is really missing in space, resulting in always more neutrinos rushing towards the sun than away from the sun in any space region of the solar system, and the overall effect of this is the daopulsive fieldwith spherical gradient.

从W的位置观察太阳,太阳是移动在天球上的圆。直径为d的太阳的视直径大小取决于W到太阳中心的距离D。以天球为背景的太阳的视直径,天文学上用角度δ来表示,并将δ定义为角直径。由于行星的公转轨道都是椭圆,当地球处于近日点时我们所看到的太阳的角直径最大。根据已有测量结果,从地球看太阳的平均角直径为32.15′。

The Sun is a circle moving over the celestial sphere if we observe the sun from W. The apparent diameter of the Sun with diameter d depends on the distance D from W to the center of the Sun. The apparent diameter of the Sun set against the background of the celestial sphere is astronomically expressed in angular δ and defines δ as the angular diameter. Since the orbits of the planets are elliptical, the angular diameter of the Sun we see is the largest when the Earth is at perihelion. According to available measurements, the average angular diameter of the Sun as seen from Earth is 32.15′.

左边为角直径公式的示意图。蓝色球体是以物体W为球心的天球。则我们有角直径公式 δ=2arctan(d/2D)

On the left is a diagram for the formula of the angular diameter. The blue sphere is a celestial sphere centered on object W. Then we have the angular diameter formula δ=2arctan(d/2D).

当D远大于d时,角直径公式可简化为δ≈d/D。比如W就在地球上时,D恰好是1天文单位,我们已知太阳直径d是0.0093天文单位,D远大于d,有δ≈0.0093弧,即31.988′,很接近实际测定的太阳角直径的平均值32.15′。

When D is much greater than d, the angular diameter formula can be simplified to δ≈ d/D. For example, when W is on Earth, D happens to be 1 astronomical unit, the known diameter of the Sun is 0.0093 astronomical units, D is much greater than d, there is δ≈ 0.0093 arcs, or 31.988′, which is close to the average value of the actual measured angular diameter 32.15′.

中微子总是以接近光速沿直线运动,其运动轨迹可视同于光线,所以角直径公式可用于对道斥力或道斥场的分析。我们用Rs表示筛体太阳的道阻,并将经过太阳中心和物体W两点的直线记为ls,那么沿ls穿过太阳抵达W的中微子一定比任意一条沿其它直线到达的中微子都要少,因为沿ls而来的中微子穿过太阳的路程最长,自然被太阳过滤掉最多比例的中微子。但无论如何我们可以等效地得到一个值r(0<r≤1),使得太阳圆盘内的每一点的道阻都设为r,总合起来的道阻仍等同于并非均匀的实际太阳的道阻。即我们令Rs= r(0<r≤1)时,可以适用近似的角直径公式δ≈d/D。这表明太阳的角直径和与太阳的距离D成反比例关系,进一步,太阳圆盘的面积与D就是平方反比关系这是牛顿万有引力公式成立的关键所在

Because neutrinos (binos) always move in a straight line at close to the speed of light, their trajectories can be seen as identical to light, so the angular diameter formula can be used to analyze the daopulsion or daopulsive field. We use Rs to represent the daoresist of the sievy sun, and if the straight line passing through the two points of the center of the sun and the object W is denoted as ls, then the neutrinos that cross the sun along ls to reach W must be less than any neutrinos that reach along other straight lines, because the neutrinos along lshave the longest journey through the sun and are naturally filtered out by the sun with the largest proportion of neutrinos. But in any case, we can get an equivalent value r(0<r≤1), such that the daoresist of each point in the solar disc is set to r, and the aggregate daoresist is still equivalent to the non-uniform actual solar daoresist. That is, when we make Rs = r(0<r≤1), we can apply the approximate angular diameter formula δ≈d/D. This indicates that the angular diameter of the Sun is inversely proportional to the distance D from the Sun, and furthermore, the area of the solar disc is inversely proportional to the square of D.This is the key to the validity of Newton's universal gravitational formula.

土星公转轨道平均半径约为10天文单位,这意味着从土星上观察比从地球上观察,太阳的角直径减小了9倍,约为3.2′,相应地土星被太阳系外的中微子推向太阳的道斥压减小了约99倍。在这里角直径公式的精确度更高,但太阳影响抵达的延时性更长,尤其是考虑多体作用力的扰动时,延时效应会产生无法计算的复杂性。

The average radius of Saturn's orbit is about 10 AU, which means that the angular diameter of the Sun is 9 times smaller when viewed from Saturn than from Earth, about 3.2′, and the daopulpress formed by extrasolar neutrinos that pushes Saturn toward the sun is accordingly reduced 99 times. Here the angular diameter formula is more precise, but the solar influence has a longer delay in arrival, especially when considering the perturbations of multi-body forces, and the delay effect can produce incalculable complexity.

另一方面,如果W更靠近太阳,比如说接近水星轨道,则角直径公式的精确性会大为下降,中微子被太阳过滤而形成的道斥压与距离D的函数关系不再那么接近平方反比律,这造成了水星近日点的进动现象。相比于牛顿开创的经典物理学,爱因斯坦用广义相对论更精确地计算出了水星的进动数值,但那更近于数学而非物理学。

If W is closer to the Sun, for example, close to the orbit of Mercury, the accuracy of the angular diameter formula will be greatly reduced, and the relationship between the daopulpress formed by the filtering of neutrinos by the Sun and the distance D will no longer be so close to the inverse square law, which causes the precession of Mercury's perihelion. Compared to the classical physics pioneered by Newton, Einstein used general relativity to calculate the precession value of Mercury more precisely, but that was closer to mathematics than physics.

道论给出了推动行星及天体运动和相互影响的物理机制,即从子(中微子)与物体(天体)的碰撞产生的接触相互作用。这种相互作用是经典性的但又不是超距作用,道论也需要艰深的数学工具但紧紧依靠在物理现实世界。

Daoeory gives the physical mechanism that drives the motion and interaction of planets and celestial bodies, that is, the contact interactions arising from the collision of binos (neutrinos) with objects (celestial bodies). These interactions are classical but not distant actions, and Daoeory also requires difficult mathematical tools but closely relies on the physical real world.

⒎中微子导致终端速度的相对论效应

vii Neutrinos lead to the relativistic effect of terminal velocity

在流体动力学中有终端速度的概念,比如跳伞运动员在特定姿态下会有一个最终不变的降落速度,就是终端速度。天空中下落的雨滴也有一个速度的极限。

In fluid dynamics, there is the concept of terminal velocity, for example, a skydiver will have an eventually unchanged landing speed in a specific posture, which is the terminal velocity. Raindrops falling from the sky also have a speed limit.

从爱因斯坦1905年发表狭义相对论到1955年爱因斯坦去世,半个世纪的时间都没有等到中微子被确认发现,更不用说确信宇宙太空中处处都是稠密的高速运动的中微子,并且这些中微子无可避免的碰撞作用就是导致相对论效应的真正原因。

From Einstein's publication of his special theory of relativity in 1905 to Einstein's death in 1955, the confirming of the discovery for neutrinos did not appear in this half a century, let alone the belief that space is full of dense high-speed neutrinos, and that the inevitable collision of these neutrinos is the real cause of the relativistic effect.

由于恒星内部的聚变反应,恒星总是向四周放射无以计数的中微子,而宇宙内的恒星数量繁多且大致分布均匀,且中微子有几乎不受干扰的穿越能力,导致中微子整体构成的流体可能远比地球大气更加稳定。由于自然天体只被中微子的道斥力推动,而在宇宙中,中微子几乎总是在各向大致均衡的,所以天体在任何情况下都不可能被加速到很高的运动速度。

Due to the fusion reaction inside stars, the stars always radiate countless neutrinos to all around, and the number of stars in the universe is large and roughly evenly distributed, and the neutrinos have an almost undisturbed ability to travel, resulting in the fluid composed of neutrinos as a whole may be far more stable than the Earth's atmosphere. Since natural celestial bodies are only propelled by the daopulsion of neutrinos, and in the universe, neutrinos are almost always roughly balanced in all directions, it is impossible for celestial bodies to accelerate to very high speeds of motion under any circumstances.

所以我们只能在实验室里或者宇宙飞船这类人造飞行器上观察到相对论效应。日本的神冈探测器和美国南达科他州的霍姆斯特克实验探测器都深埋于地下,利用地球岩层过滤掉相当比例的中微子,才客观记录到来自超新星1987A爆发产生的中微子。那是人类首次探测到来自太阳系以外的中微子,小柴昌俊和雷蒙德·戴维斯凭此与里卡尔多·贾科尼分享了2002年诺贝尔物理学奖。但人类还不能制造并控制如此猛烈的聚变反应,更无法制造并控制超高功率的飞船。朱诺号是迄今为止人类制造的飞行速度最快的宇宙飞船,2016年7月4日即使借助了木星巨大引力的帮助,它的飞行时速曾高达26.5万公里,但也只不过是真空光速的不足0.025%。因为人类制造的飞行器还无法避开宇宙太空里来自各个方向的中微子的撞击。

So we can only observe relativistic effects on artificial vehicles such as spacecraft. The neutrino detectors Kamiokande in Japan and detectors of the Homestake experiment in US South Dakota are buried deep underground, using the earth's rock layers to filter out a considerable proportion of neutrinos, and only then objectively recorded neutrinos from the supernova 1987A explosion. It was the first time that human beings detected neutrinos from outside the solar system. It is for this reason that Masatoshi Koshiba and Raymond Davis shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in physics with Ricardo Giacconi. But humans cannot yet build and control such violent fusion reactions, let alone ultrahigh power spacecraft. Juno is the fastest spacecraft ever built by humans, even it once flew at a speed of 265,000 kilometers per hour on July 4, 2016 with the help of Jupiter's huge gravity, but this was only less than 0.025% of the speed of light in a vacuum. Because spacecraft manufactured by human technology cannot yet avoid the impact of neutrinos from all directions in space.

在道论中,不存在所谓的光障。人类能够制造的飞船的速度极限受两方面的制约:一是无法克服中微子的冲击阻力;二是没有足够高速且强劲的动力技术。以目前人类掌握的技术还无法将飞船加速到光速的万分之三,远远小于宇宙太空里的中微子的平均速度。所以根据流体动力学,宇宙飞船即使有用之不尽的驱动动力,也总会遇到一个平衡阻力从而令飞船达到一个终端速度vt,且远远小于中微子的平均速度vn

In Daoeory, there is no such thing as a light barrier. The speed limit of the spacecraft that humans can build is restricted by two aspects: one is the inability to overcome the impact resistance of neutrinos; Second, there is no sufficiently high-speed and powerful power technology. With the current human technology, it is not possible to accelerate the spacecraft to three ten-thousandths of the speed of light, which is far less than the average speed of neutrinos in space. So according to fluid dynamics, even if the spacecraft has inexhaustible driving power, it will always encounter a balancing drag that will cause the spacecraft to reach a terminal velocity vt, which is much smaller than the average speed vn of neutrinos.

狭义相对论提出的光速教条如果在实验上能获得若干所谓证实性的解释,其背后的支撑这些实验结果的物理实质其实是中微子带来的冲击阻碍,当运动物体加速到接近终端速度时,其加速度趋近于0,而中微子在实际物理过程中起着阻碍运动的作用,但中微子在相对论中是一个隐变量,正如以太是量子力学中的隐变量一样,狭义相对论用光速不变原理遮蔽了中微子的碰撞阻力,量子力学用测不准原理遮蔽了以太流体实际导致的波动本质,两者其实都疏远了真正的物理机制,都折衷于某种数学形式主义。可以说,在解释重力和构建统一场论各自遭遇的挫折,是量子力学和相对论两者共同的数学形式主义的噩梦。只不过爱因斯坦对以太相对开放的态度令他离物理真相靠近一些。

If the speed of light dogma proposed by special relativity can obtain some so-called confirmatory explanations in experiments, the physical essence behind which supports these experimental results is actually the impact obstruction brought by neutrinos, when the moving object accelerates to close to the terminal velocity, its acceleration approaches 0, and neutrinos play a role in hindering motion in the actual physical process, but neutrinos are a hidden variable in relativity, just as aether is a hidden variable in quantum mechanics, Special relativity uses the principle of invariance of the speed of light to obscure the resistance of neutrinos, and quantum mechanics uses the uncertainty principle to obscure the actual fluctuation nature of etheric fluids, both of which actually alienate the real physical mechanism and are eclectic to a certain mathematical formalism. It can be said that the setbacks in explaining gravity and constructing unified field theory are the nightmares of mathematical formalism common to both quantum mechanics and relativity. It's just that Einstein's relative openness to the aether brought him closer to the physical truth.

找到简单易用的技术来屏蔽中微子的撞击,是人类面临的最现实的挑战。我们的宇宙飞船的速度要达到光速的万分之三还困难不小,谈论光障或光速旅行实在太好高骛远了。那些不着边际的所谓科幻文学或许可以看作数学形式主义及神秘主义的泛滥吧。

Finding easy-to-use technology to shield neutrino impacts is the most realistic challenge facing humanity. It's still hard for our spacecraft to reach three-ten-thousandths of the speed of light, and it's too ambitious to talk about light barriers or traveling at the speed of light. The impracticable so-called science fiction literature may be seen as the proliferation of mathematical formalism and mysticism.

⒏失能中微子是暗物质的最主要来源

viii Neutrinos are the most important source of dark matter

太阳是整个太阳系最大的也是最首要的筛体,整个哈勃球内的无法计数的每颗恒星都会将一小部分中微子放射到太阳星体上。若用Rs表示太阳的道阻(0<Rs≤1),这些终于抵达太阳的中微子会有相当一部分撞上太阳内部的物质而失去原有的动量,这个撞上的比例就是Rs,另一些没有与太阳发生碰撞的中微子则会穿越太阳(这个穿越太阳的比例就是1-Rs),直到撞击到下一个天体或物体。

The Sun is the largest and foremost sievy in the entire solar system, and every innumerable star in the entire Hubble sphere emits a small number of neutrinos into the solar body. If Rsis used to represent the Sun's daoresist (0<Rs≤1), a considerable part of these neutrinos that finally reach the Sun will collide with the material inside the Sun and lose their original momentum, this collision ratio is Rs, and other neutrinos that do not collide with the Sun will cross the Sun (this proportion of crossing the Sun is 1-Rs) until they hit the next celestial body.

这些来自哈勃球的各处的中微子碰撞太阳的后果就是对太阳施加了各个方向的道斥力,这些道斥力叠加起来令太阳的运动加速度指向银心。而微观看来,这些尺度比电子(妙子)还小的中微子(从子)在施加道斥力给太阳后就失去了原来的动量。道论认为这些失去高能动量的从子(中微子)当然不会消失不见,而是变成了低能的几乎失去移动能力和完全不具有穿透力的粒子,我们称其为从粒这些从粒就是所谓暗物质的最主要来源

The consequence of the neutrinos colliding with the Sun is to exert daopulsions on the Sun from all directions while these neutrinos come from all over the Hubble sphere, and these daopulsions add up to cause the Sun's acceleration points to the galactic center. On a microscopic basis, these neutrinos (binos), which are smaller than electrons (subnos), lose their original momentum when a daopulsion is applied to the Sun. Daoeory holds that these binos (neutrinos) that have lost their high-energy momentum certainly do not disappear, but become low-energy particles that almost lose their ability to move and do not have penetrating power at all, which we call bicles. These bicles are the most important source of so-called dark matter.

我们姑且认为太阳圈理论是普遍有效的,这意味着妙子(电子)、徼子(质子)和归子(α粒子)基本上是本地的,只有在超新星爆发等非常态下才会成为星际粒子,即宇宙射线。原因是它们的三重螺旋结构会令它们被封锁在本地的太阳圈,而很少能够穿越到外星系。而只有中微子(从子)成为惟一的星际粒子,没有什么能限制它们远行的脚步——除了时间。这是道论相信从子(中微子)是暗物质最主要来源的推断逻辑。

Let's consider the heliosphere theory to be universally valid, which means that subnos (electrons), finos (protons) and cynos (α particles) are nearly local and only become interstellar particles, i.e., cosmic rays, in abnormal states such as supernova explosions. The reason is that their triple helix configuration allows them to be confined to the local heliosphere and rarely able to travel to extragalactic systems. And only neutrinos (binos) become the unique interstellar particles, and nothing can limit their journey - except time. This is the logic of inference that Daoeory believes that binos are the most important source of dark matter.

从粒是炁粒的一种,炁海由多种可能的炁粒构成,从粒可能是炁海最主要的成分,其他次要成分来自于发生的炁海中的玄体玄裂或自由道子在炁海中因失去能量而进入低能状态。这些玄裂产生的玄体片断和进入低能态的自由道子都成为炁海的成员。

Bicles is a kind of aethles, and the aethea is composed of a variety of possible aethles, while bicles may be the most important component of the aethea, and the other secondary components come from the mystear of mysties, or due to free daonos losing energy and entering a low-energy state. The fragments of the mysties produced by these mystears and the free daonos that entered into low-energy state became members of the aethea.

炁海是一种有黏度的牛顿流体,不同的成分构成可能令炁海分层,并导致炁海中复杂的波动情况。炁海就是以太,以太就是沉降在星体或行星表层的暗物质。太阳系的暗物质主要包裹在太阳的外层,这些暗物质可能是日冕加热的真正原因。

The aethea is a viscous Newtonian fluid, and different compositions may stratify the aethea and cause complex fluctuations in the aethea. The aethea is the aether, and the aether is the dark matter that settles on the surface of the star or planet. The dark matter of the solar system mainly wraps up the Sun around its outer layer, and the dark matter may be the real reason for the coronal heating problem.

行星不似恒星那样有聚变反应发生在内部,所以沉降于行星的暗物质可能是非常静态的,尤其像地球这样比较远离太阳的类地行星。以太暗物质作为光波的媒介,它就是静静地附着在地球的表面,这令迈克尔逊-莫雷实验必然检测不到以太飘移。这个实验既不能证明什么,也不能证伪什么。

Planets do not have fusion reactions inside like stars, so the dark matter that settles on the planet may be very static, especially on terrestrial planets like Earth, which are farther from the sun. With etheric dark matter as the medium of light waves, it is quietly attached to the surface of the earth, which makes the Michelson-Morey Experiment inevitably undetectable etheric transport. This experiment can neither prove nor falsify anything.

⒐以太暗物质助推天体运转

ix The etheric dark matter boosts celestial bodies

道论认为从子(中微子)具有特别重要的特殊地位,它们是宇宙中最有统治力的粒子。当从子处于高能态时,它是穿透力超强并可以大幅飞越宇宙的推动天体加速运转的中微子;当从子因碰撞物体而失去能量变成低能态的从粒时,它们又以从粒的身份变成以太暗物质的主要成员,裹挟着天体继续运动。

Daoeory holds that the binos (neutrinos) have a particularly important special status, and they are the most dominant particles in the universe. When the binos are in a high-energy state, they are neutrinos that have super penetrating power and can fly significantly across the universe to accelerate the celestial bodies; When the binos lose energy due to collision with objects and become low-energy bicles, they become the main members of etheric dark matter as bicles, wrapping around the celestial bodies and continue to move.

恒星形成之后,它的四周开始聚集越来越多的暗物质从粒。此后数亿年乃至数十亿年,聚集在恒星周围的暗物质以太流体变得越来越黏稠。这导致恒星同时受到两种不同来源的外力的推动:一种外力是来自四面八方的高能从子的撞击产生的道斥力;另一种是包裹在恒星四周的以太流体施加给恒星的黏性力。在道论中,我们将以太流体称为炁海,炁海作为牛顿流体,其包裹在恒星四周的那些部分的黏度随着恒星年龄的增大而增大,导致炁海流体由于黏度增大而施加给恒星的黏性力也越来越大。这种呈球形分布在恒星与炁海交界面的黏性力整体叠加为一种合力,我们称其为炁载力炁载力道斥力的合力是可观测的,就是恒星的运动轨迹对时间两次求导得到的加速度s再乘以估测的恒星质量m,即为s=ms

After the star formed, it began to gather more and more dark matter of bicles around it. Over the next hundreds of millions or even billions of years, the etheric dark matter fluids that gathered around stars became increasingly viscous. This causes the star to be propelled by two different sources of external forces at the same time: one is the daopulsion generated by the impact of high-energy binos from all directions; The other is the viscous force exerted on the star by the etheric fluid that wraps around the star. In Daoeory, we call the etheric fluid the aethea, and the aethea is a Newtonian fluid, and the viscosity of those parts of the aethea wrapping around the star increases with the age of the star, resulting in the viscous force exerted by the aethea fluid to the star become bigger and bigger due to the increase in viscosity of the fluid. These viscous forces with spherical distribution at the interface between the star and the aethea are superimposed as a result, which we call the aethcous force. The resultant force of the aethcous force and the daopulsion is observable, that is, the acceleration s obtained by the quadratic derivation of the star's trajectory over time and multiplied by the estimated stellar mass m, that is, s=ms.

源于高能的从子(中微子)的道斥力是一种“快力”,源于低能的从粒炁载力是一种“慢力”。从子(中微子)是跨星系的宇宙化的,从粒却是每个单个恒星的本地化的。当我们用天文望远镜观测遥远的恒星并测算它们加速度时,因为炁海是不可见的暗物质,导致实际产生加速作用的“慢力”(炁载力)成了所谓的“隐变量”。只要我们正视以太(炁海)的客观存在,就不存在神秘的所谓暗物质和鬼魅的量子纠缠了。

The daopulsion derived from high-energy neutrinos is a "fast force", and the aethcous force derived from low-energy bicles is a "slow force". Binos (neutrinos) that across galaxies are cosmic, while bicles of each individual star are localized. When we use astronomical telescopes to observe distant stars and measure their acceleration, because the aethea is invisible dark matter, the "slow force" (aethcous force) that actually produces acceleration becomes the so-called "hidden variable". As long as we face up to the objective existence of the aether (aethea), there will be no mysterious so-called dark matter and ghostly quantum entanglement.

⒑以太:传递弱相互作用的媒介

xAether: a medium that transmits weak interactions

无论如何,弦论是很具有开创性的,因为它并不那么路径依赖。相比之下,粒子物理标准模型的很多基本想法,比如“相互作用力来自于彼此之间的小球交换”的臆想,既反经验也颇老套,远没有“弦振动”富于想象。

In any case, string theory is groundbreaking because it is not so path-dependent. In contrast, many of the basic ideas of the Standard Model of particle physics, such as the assumption that "interaction forces come from the exchange of small balls between each other", are both anti-empirical and old-fashioned, far less imaginative than "string vibrations".

标准模型将基本粒子设定为61种(包括各种不同电荷与色荷的粒子),实际上背离了物理学的还原主义传统,不符合奥卡姆剃刀原理要求的简洁性,在物理实验的实证检验之下也越来越捉襟见肘。因为这个模型从一开始就出自于东拼西凑。

The Standard Model, which sets 61 elementary particles (including particles with different charges and color charges), actually deviates from the reductionist tradition of physics, does not meet the simplicity required by Occam Razor Principle, and more and more loopholes have emerged under the empirical test of physical experiments. Because this model was made from a patchwork from the beginning.

2022年4月,对费米实验室Tevatron对撞机在2011年关闭前获得的数据所进行的新分析,确定W玻色子的质量为80,433±9 MeV,这比标准模型预测的偏差高出七个标准差。这是相当惊人的结果,不得不令人对标准模型产生疑虑。

In April 2022, a new analysis of data obtained by the Fermilab Tevatron collider before its closure in 2011 determined that the mass of the W boson was 80,433±9 MeV, which is seven standard deviations higher than the deviation predicted by the Standard Model. This is quite an astonishing result and casts doubt on the Standard Model.

卢瑟福用轰击的蛮力发现了质子,后来无数实验物理学家使用对撞机来持续这个野蛮办法,直到它成了路径依赖的老传统,最终变成了山穷水尽和无计可施。你很难想象遗传学家通过碾碎DNA来探索遗传规律,物理学过度依赖对撞机是整个物理学科的不幸的艰难时期。尤其当标准模型理论公开宣称夸克和胶子是隐秘不可见的,这个理论只能向人们展示被撞出来的凌乱的碎片——所幸W玻色子和Z玻色子以及轻子是可检测到的规整的客观实在。

Rutherford discovered the proton with the brute force of bombardment, and countless experimental physicists later used the Collider to continue this barbaric method until it became the old tradition of path dependence, and eventually became exhausted and helpless. It's hard to imagine geneticists exploring the laws of heredity by crushing DNA, and physics' over-reliance on colliders is an unfortunate tough time for the entire physics discipline. Especially when the Standard Model theory openly declares that quarks and gluons are stealthy and invisible, the theory can only show people the messy pieces that have been impacted out—except for the objective reality that the W and Z bosons and the leptons are gratified detectable regular.

在前面出现过的表3-1中列出了暗物质炁海可能包含的炁粒成分,其中的和粒与同粒具有较好的空间对称性,两者都由4块玄句构成。

In Table 3-1 that appeared earlier, the components of the etheric dark matter may contain are listed, among which the peacle and the syncle have good spatial symmetry, and both are composed of 4 mystheels.

除了妙粒,表3-1中的炁粒都不具有螺旋结构,因此都难以进入旋转动能的高能状态。在混沌的炁海中,这些炁粒的力学表现就是弱相互作用,并且Z玻色子具有与和粒相同的空间结构,W玻色子具有与同粒相同的空间结构。

Except for the subcles, none of the aethles has a helix structure, so it is difficult to enter the high-energy state of rotational kinetic energy. In the chaotic aethea, the mechanical performance of these aethles are weak interactions, and the Z bosons have the same configuration as the peacles, while the W bosons have the same configuration as the syncles.

  若对和粒增加一个玄句,可以得到完全中心对称的含5个玄句的增强版和粒,我们称为之平粒。换种说法,将正四面体的玄句的每个面上粘贴一个全等的玄句,就得到了平粒。恰是因为完美地中心对称,平粒在与环境粒子的随机碰撞中难以获得持续的旋转加速。

If we add a mystheel to a peacle, we can get an enhanced version of the peacle with 5 mystheels with perfect central symmetry, as shown on the right, called the gencle. In other words, paste a fully equal mystheel on each side of the regular tetrahedral mystheel, and you get a gencle. Precisely because of perfect center symmetry, the gencles are difficult to obtain sustained rotational acceleration in random collisions with environmental particles. 

  相应地,对同粒增加一个玄句,我们将得到一个共粒。从空间结构来看,共粒几乎要闭合成一个环。共粒与环形结构相比有一个小缺口,如下图。容易计算此缺口的夹角为7.3561°。

 Correspondingly, add a mystheel to a syncle, and we will get a concle. From the perspective of spatial structure, the concle is almost closed into a ring. Each concle has a small notch compared to the ring structure, as shown below, Easy to calculate, the angle of this gap is 7.3561°.

很明显,同粒和共粒有很相似的空间结构,两者在炁海中的力学表现可能非常相似。因此,它们在某些实验检测中或许会被误认为是同一种粒子。在这次W玻色子意外超重事件中,或许由于某种原因,在新分析的数据样本里,比以往较多的共粒被混同于同粒的实验表现,导致测量出来的W玻色子的质量平均值被不合预期地拉高了。

Obviously, syncles and concles have very similar spatial structures, and the mechanical behavior of the two in the aethea may be very similar. As a result, they may be mistaken for the same particles in some experimental tests.In this event that the W boson mass was measured overweight, perhaps for some reason, in the newly analyzed data sample, more concles than ever were misidentified with the syncles based on experimental performance, resulting in the measured mean mass of the W boson being unexpectedly raised.

⒒ 反物质:炁海里的湮灭假象

xi Antimatter: The illusion of annihilation in the aethea

既然道论拒绝电荷是一种内禀属性,而只承认在炁海里抗玄裂的三种道螺(妙子、徼子和归子)分别在三种状态(旋紧、低能和旋松)下存在9种外在的力学属性,那么就并没有那般玄幻的反物质作为真实宇宙的物理实在,以及“正常物质”与“反物质”的所谓“湮灭”。如果没有证据表明在恒星内部有大规模的右旋粒子出现,那么我们可以断言在我们身处的宇宙里并没有客观实在的反物质,而只是在人类的实验室里,物理学家用实验设备制造出有些特别的人造状态,例如通电螺线管制造的超强炁压以及回旋加速的对撞机等,所谓正负电子对撞。而这个有些特别的所谓的“湮灭”过程,用道论来解释,是对撞机里的高速逆时针旋转的妙子(正电子)与高速顺时针旋转的妙子(电子)在马格努斯运动路径上的迎面相撞。这个能量交换与释放过程包含两个方面:主要部分是两个相互反向旋转的妙子在高密度(高炁压)的炁海里搅动出直径远大于妙子本身空间尺度的两个炁旋,这两个炁旋方向等同于其核心妙子的旋转方向,但炁旋携带的能量却大于它们的妙子核心;次要部分是小概率事件,即两个妙子本身在空间中碰撞并把能量通过炁海释放掉。

Since Daoeory rejects charge as an intrinsic property, and only admits that the three kinds of daonos (subnos, finos and cynos) that resist mystear in the aethea have nine extrinsic mechanical properties in three states (tightening, low energy and loosening) respectively, then there is no such fantasy antimatter as the physical reality of the real universe, and the so-called "annihilation" of "normal matter" and "antimatter". If there is no evidence of large-scale right-handed particles in the interior of the star, then we can assert that there is no objectively real antimatter in the universe we live in, but only in human laboratories, physicists use experimental equipment to create some specialartificial states, such as the super aethpress made by energized solenoids and the collider with cyclotron acceleration, the so-called electron-positron collision. And this some special so-called "annihilation" process, explained by Daoeory, is a head-on collision between the high-speed counterclockwise subno (positron) and the high-speed clockwise subno (electron) on the path of their Magnus Movement in the collider. This energy exchange and release process consists of two aspects: the main part is that two subnos rotating in opposite directions to each other stir up two spikes with diameters much larger than the spatial scale of the subno itself in a high-density (high aethpress) aethea, and the directions of these two aetheddies are equivalent to the rotation direction of their core subno, but the energy carried by the aetheddies are greater than their subno cores; The secondary part is a small probability event, where two subno themselves collide in space and release energy through the aethea.

因此,在对撞机里发生的所谓正负电子的相互湮灭,实质是在人为加高其密度和黏度的以太暗物质流体里操控两个反向高速旋涡的互撞过程。不存在什么反物质,更不可能制造什么比核武器更高效的反物质炸弹。所谓“湮灭”本质上是两个相互反向旋涡的相撞并彼此抵消的过程。旋涡核心的道螺在此过程中不会消失,通常也不会玄裂,无论它们迎面正碰还是非常近距离地擦肩而过,两个核心道螺都会消耗掉原来携带的能量,由高能状态进入低能状态,变成对应的炁粒,成为以太暗物质的一粒成员。

Therefore, the so-called annihilation of positron and electron in the collider is actually a collision process of manipulating two reverse high-speed vortices in an etheric dark matter fluid whose density and viscosity is artificially increased. There is no antimatter, let alone any more efficient antimatter bomb than nuclear weapons. The so-called "annihilation" is essentially a process in which two opposite-vortex collide with each other and cancel each other out. The daono vortex core will not disappear in the process, and usually will not mystear, whether they are directly touched or passed very closely, both daono cores will consume the energy originally carried, from the high-energy state to the low-energy state, into the corresponding aethles, becoming members of the etheric dark matter.

出于对之前光电效应的诠释,我们将左手螺旋的自由道螺的逆时针旋转状态称为拧紧,相应地,顺时针旋转状态称为旋松。于是,三种构型的道螺分别处于拧紧、低能态和旋松三种本征态,就在物理现实中呈现为下表11-1所列的九种粒子,称为道簇粒子。

To interpret the previous photoelectric effect, we call the counterclockwise rotation state of the free daonos tightening, and correspondingly, the clockwise rotation state is called loosening. As a result, the three configurations of daono are in the three eigenstates of tightening, low energy and loosening respectively, and are presented in physical reality as the nine particles listed in Table 11-1, called particles of Daocluster.

道论猜测在大爆炸之前,左手螺旋粒子及物质和右手螺旋粒子及物质共同挤压在一个越来越狭小的空间里,直到大爆炸发生时刻,左手螺旋粒子和物质与右手螺旋粒子和物质因为力学定向和选择而向彼此相反方向相互分离,从而原本的混沌世界被分隔成两个宇宙。地球和人类诞生在左手宇宙而右手宇宙对我们而言已经遥不可及

Daoeory guess that before the Big Bang, left-handed spiral particles and matter were squeezed together with right-handed spiral particles and matter in an increasingly narrow space, until the moment of the Big Bang, left-handed spiral particles and matter and right-handed spiral particles and matter were separated from each other in opposite directions due to mechanical orientation and selection, so that the original chaotic world was separated into two universes. Earth and humanity were born in the left-handed universe, and the right-handed universe is out of reach for us.

⒓ 粒子会激发光波,但光波不是粒子

xii Particles excite light waves, but light waves are not particles

有两种比较挑战人类理性的自然现象,一个是光,另一个是磁。迄今为止,我们对这两种自然现象的理论可能依然是姑且的。物理学发展到近代,波粒二象性概念被提出,量子力学开始奠基于似是而非的实用主义时,爱因斯坦可能是保有物理学还原主义伟大传统的最后一个卓有影响的物理学家。他似乎是最后一个没有抛弃以太概念的思想者。

There are two natural phenomena that challenge human reason, one is light and the other is magnetism. So far, our theories about these two natural phenomena may still be provisional. In modern times, when the concept of wave-particle duality was proposed, and quantum mechanics began to be based on specious pragmatism, Einstein may have been the last influential physicist to preserve the great tradition of reductionism in physics. He seems to be the last thinker who did not abandon the concept of aether.

道论认为,光不具有粒子性而是纯粹的波动。早在17世纪,罗伯特·波义耳(Robert Boyle)就倡导以太学说,但直到1956年人类确认发现中微子,物理学家才有可能认真正视以太暗物质的实体性。简单地说,从子由高能态的中微子或γ粒子进入低能态,转而成为以太暗物质的主要成分从粒时,“光”不是例如从子这样的实体粒子,而是由从粒及其它微粒组成的流体的波动,这种波动是一种群体效应,能导致动物的眼睛产生视觉信号来刺激大脑。

According to Daoeory, light is not particle but pure fluctuation. As early as the 17th century, Robert Boyle advocated the theory of aether, but it wasn't until 1956, when humans confirmed the discovery of neutrinos, that physicists made it possible to seriously confront the substantiality of etheric dark matter. Simply put, when binos enter low-energy states from high-energy neutrinos or γ particles and become the main component of etheric dark matter, the "light" is not substantial particles such as binos, but a fluid fluctuation composed of bicles and other particles, which is a swarm effect that causes the animal's eyes to produce visual signals to stimulate the brain.

右边显示单独粒子检测干涉实验的图案建立过程,一个黑点代表一次粒子撞击,且撞击都是逐个接次完成的,但最终图案与传统双缝实验的光波干涉图像非常相像,这被量子学派当成波粒二象性的铁证。

The right side shows the pattern's buildup from individual particle detections, a dot shows a particle which is sent through a double-slit apparatus one at a time, but the final pattern is very similar to the light wave interference image of the traditional double-slit experiment, which is regarded by the quantum school as irrefutable evidence of wave-particle duality.

但早在1927年德布罗意就提出了第一个解释量子力学的隐变量理论,即导航波理论,其更现代的版本是1952年由玻姆提出玻姆诠释。这种决定论诠释的初衷就是为了避免波粒二象性。道论为这种隐变量诠释填充了实体,这个实体就是以太暗物质。简而言之,道簇粒子(尤其是拥有螺旋结构的道螺)会搅动炁海,形成炁旋,这种炁旋可由导航波理论给予数学描述,而这种炁旋就是光的本质。可见光不过是无数炁旋的同时叠加的宏观效应。因而上面的图案不过是用一种极端控制的方式显示了光就是炁旋的客观事实

But as early as 1927 Louis de Broglie proposed the first hidden-variable theory interprets quantum mechanics, pilot wave theory, whose more modern version was Bohm Interpretation proposed by Bohm in 1952. The original intention of this deterministic interpretation is to avoid wave-particle duality. Daoeory fills this hidden variable interpretation with substance, which is etheric dark matter. In short, particles of daocluster (especially daohelixes with helix configuration) stir up the aethea to form aetheddies that can be described by pilot wave theory, and aetheddies are the essence of light. Visible light is nothing more than a macroscopic effect of countless simultaneous aetheddies. Therefore, the above pattern is just an extreme control way to show the objective fact that light is aetheddy.

虽然导航波理论是决定论的,但所有涉及以太流体的物理过程都因为混沌而无法避免不确定性。纳维-斯托克斯方程作为千禧难题短期内恐怕难以被人类攻克,但它代表的不确定性只是一种数学能力的困境。宇宙是不确定性地决定论的,它的命运不由骰子操纵。假若爱因斯坦在天有灵,他可以感到宽慰。

Although pilot wave theory is deterministic, all physical processes involving etheric fluids are uncertain because of chaos. The Navier-Stokes equation may be too difficult for humans to overcome in the short term as one of Millennium Prize Problems, but the uncertainty it represents is only a predicament of mathematical ability. The universe is deterministic and its fate is not manipulated by dice. If Einstein has a spirit in heaven, he can be relieved.

最后要澄清一个颇为流行的重大误解,那就是认为可见光是一种电磁波。首先,就好比广义相对论解释重力现象,麦克斯韦的电磁方程组是对无线电物理现象的数学模拟,是一种数学而非物理学。道论认为无线电波的实质是以太暗物质的真实波动,是通过以太波传递的弱相互作用。无线电波是炁波。可以提出一个简单的问题:我们能否通过调节频率使广播信号发射塔发出可见光?当然不可能。《中国之声》的广播频率是106.1兆赫,而可见光的频率是380~750太赫,换算成兆赫表示,波长最长的红光频率也有380000000兆赫。红光的频率是《中国之声》广播频率的358万多倍。这足以说明可见光根本就不是无线电波。

Finally, we must clear up a popular major misconception that visible light is an electromagnetic wave. First, just as general relativity explains gravity, Maxwell's system of electromagnetic equations is a mathematical simulation of radio physics, a kind of mathematics, not physics. Daoeory holds that the essence of radio wave is the real fluctuation of etheric dark matter, which is a weak interaction transmitted through aether wave. Radio waves are aether waves. A simple question can be asked: Can we make a broadcast tower emit visible light by adjusting the frequency? Of course not. The broadcast frequency of "Voice of China" is 106.1 MHz, while the frequency of visible light is 380 to 750 THz, which translates to megahertz, and the longest wavelength red light frequency is also 380,000,000 MHz. The frequency of red light is more than 3.58 million times the frequency of the "Voice of China" broadcast. This is enough to show that visible light is not a radio wave at all.

爱因斯坦早在1916年就发现了激光的原理,但迟至1960年5月16日梅曼才宣布成功获得了波长为0.6943微米的激光,这是人类有史以来获得的第一束激光。可是世间公认赫兹早在1887年就用实验证实了无线电波的存在。从赫兹到梅曼,时间跨越了73年之久,说明更高频率和能量的激光也不是无线电波。简而言之,快速的从子和道螺在炁海中搅动的炁旋是高频的激光和可见光;慢速的从粒和炁粒组成的炁波是低频的无线电波炁旋和炁波本质不同,玻姆诠释适于前者,电弱理论描述后者。

Einstein discovered the principle of lasers as early as 1916, but it was not until May 16, 1960 that Theodore Maiman announced that he had successfully obtained a laser with a wavelength of 0.6943 microns, the first laser ever obtained by humans. However, it is generally accepted that Hertz experimentally confirmed the existence of radio waves as early as 1887. The time from Hertz to Maiman spans 73 years, suggesting that lasers of higher frequencies and energies are not radio waves either. In short,aetheddies stirred by the fast binos and daohelixes in the aethea are high-frequency lasers and visible lights; aether wavescomposed of slow bicles and aethles are low-frequency radio waves. The essences of aetheddy and aether wave are different, Bohm Interpretation is suitable for the former, and Electroweak Theory describes the latter.

⒔黑洞和层级化的宇宙学模型

xiii Black hole and hierarchical cosmological model

谈论黑洞和宇宙学是很冒风险的,因为我们的考察手段非常有限,知道的信息太少。只因为道论希望成为逻辑完整的万有理论,我们谨慎地谈些设想。

Talking about black holes and cosmology is risky because we have very limited means of investigation and know so little information. Just because Daoeory wants to be a logically complete Theory of Everything, we cautiously talk about some assumptions.

超新星爆发可能是宇宙中无限循环的过程。这种爆发总是打乱原来的物质分布,让宇宙的局部重新布置,这个布置过程也包括恒星被毁灭并重新生成。宇宙可能是无限层级化的,这种层级化的结构类似于俄罗斯套娃。天文学观测支持大爆炸理论,也支持超新星爆发理论,那么就存在可能性——大爆炸就是发生在更高层级宇宙的超新星爆发。无限循环的叠层的宇宙有可能是平凡的,它并不需要任何突变的奇点。

Supernova explosions may be an infinite cycle in the universe. This outburst always disrupts the original distribution of matter, causing the local rearrangement of the universe, including the destruction and regeneration of stars. The universe may be infinitely hierarchical, and this hierarchical structure resembles matryoshka dolls. Astronomical observations support the Big Bang theory and the theory of supernova explosions, so there is a possibility thatthe Big Bang is a supernova explosion that occurs in a higher universe. May be this infinite looping superimposed universe is finally mundane, and it doesn't require any mutational singularity.

从道论看来,宇宙间有两种实体的中心:一种是恒星筛体,另一种是以太暗物质的炁心。以太暗物质是一种牛顿流体,它本身具有黏度,并且黏度是造成炁海中的筛体的惯性的惟一原因。炁海流体的黏度在空间上是连续函数,每一处的极大值都是一个炁心。因为从子流总是被筛体阻挡变成沉降的从粒,并增加炁海的黏度进而增加恒星的道阻,从而加快恒星周围炁海黏度的增加速度。但有可能恒星承受的道斥压始终未达到把玄句压垮的程度,也并不能终止恒星的玄聚反应。再考虑双星乃至多星系统的情形,黏度最大的炁心可能在恒星之外的虚拟质心处,这保证了在平凡宇宙中从来没有因道斥压的压力而坍缩的恒星。

From the perspective of Daoeory, there are two types of entity centers in the universe: one is the stellar sievy, and the other is aether center of etheric dark matter. Etheric dark matter is a Newtonian fluid that has its own viscosity, and viscosity is the only cause of the inertia of the sievy in the aethea. The viscosity of the aethea fluid is a continuous function in space, and every place with maximum value is an aether center. Because the binos flows are always blocked by the sievies to become settled bicles, and increase the viscosity of the aethea and thus increase the daoresist of the star, thereby accelerating the increase of the viscosity of the aethea around the star. However, it is possible that the daopulpress on the star has never reached the level of crushing mystheels, nor can it stop the star's mystfit reaction. Considering the situation of binary stars or even multi-star systems, the aether center with the greatest viscosity may be at the virtual center of mass outside the star, which ensures that no star in this mundane universe collapsed by daopulpress.

从天文观测上,当恒星围绕着外部的炁心运行时,炁心处的道阻和炁海黏度都可能极大,令围绕它的恒星的运动学表现就仿佛那里有一个大质量的黑洞。那么可见,这种并不出自恒星坍塌的“虚拟黑洞”其实是以太暗物质的炁心,它会被附近的超新星爆发撕碎,进入新的物质循环。因为在这样的平凡宇宙中,玄体从来不会被破坏,在快角色和慢角色之间,从子和从粒无限循环转换。

From astronomical observations, when stars orbit the outer aether center, where the daoresist and the viscosity of the aethea may be extremely large, making stars surrounding it behave as if there is a massive black hole there. It can be seen that this "virtual black hole" that does not come from the collapse of the star is actually the aether center of etheric dark matter, which will be shredded by nearby supernova explosions and enter a new material cycle. Because in such a mundane universe, the mysties are never destroyed, and between the fast character and the slow character, the binos and the bicles are transformed in an infinite loop.

⒕ 暗物质离开,暗能量似来

xiv Dark matter's leaving, like dark energy coming

伽利略的思想实验启发牛顿得出他的牛顿第一定律。伽利略对完全光滑平面和无限长斜面的设想开创了思想实验的先河。其实,沿着伽利略的思想路线我们可以得出结论:物体的惯性并非物体所固有,而是取决于环境的黏度。

Galileo's thought experiments inspired Newton to arrive at his Newton's first law. Galileo's vision of a perfectly smooth plane and an infinitely long bevel pioneered thought experimentation. In fact, following Galileo's line of thought we can conclude that the inertia of an object is not inherent in the object, but depends on the viscosity of the environment.

我们依次把某铁球放入油、水、空气和太空里,用相同大小的推力来推动铁球,会发现在四种环境中铁球的加速度逐次变大。显然,四次实验都是在不同黏度的牛顿流体中进行的——太空可视为趋于无限稀薄的空气。而在实验中,牛顿流体的颜色及是否透明都是无关项,环境重力也不相关,流体的黏度是惟一的相关项。但是根据现有的知识,按照道论的观点,在四次实验里我们不应该忽视两个相关项:一个是中微子流,另一个是以太暗物质。在考虑这两个新增相关项时,我们不得不延续伽利略思想实验的传统,而不必受技术条件制约。

If we put an iron ball into oil, water, air and space in turn, and push the iron ball with the same amount of thrust, and we will find that the acceleration of the iron ball increases successively in the four environments. Apparently, all four experiments were conducted in Newtonian fluids of different viscosities – space can be thought of as infinitely thin air. In the experiment, the color and transparency of Newtonian fluid, environmental gravity are all irrelevant variables, and the viscosity of the fluid is the only relevant variable. But according to current knowledge and the Daoeory view, in these four experiments we should not neglect two relevant variables: one is the neutrino flow, and the other is etheric dark matter. In considering these two new relevant variables, we have to continue the tradition of Galileo's thought experiment, without being constrained by technical conditions.

假定通过实验测量出来中微子的平均速率是vn,而我们可以任意地将推动铁球的速度设定为vp,则在思想实验中vn和vp并不受物理定律之外的任何限定,即可以是近光速的,也可以高于或低于光速,vp也不受人类技术水平的制约。我们知道,当飞机发动机的喷流速度大于音速时会发生声爆,那么,在思想实验中,我们可以将vp设定为大于vn,无论vn是否比光速还快。

Assuming that the average velocity of neutrinos measured by experiment is vn, and we can arbitrarily set the speed of pushing the iron ball to vp, then in the thought experiment, vn and vp are not subject to any restriction beyond the laws of physics, that is, they can be near the speed of light, or they can be higher or lower than the speed of light, and vp is not subject to the level of human technology. We know that sonic booms occur when the jet velocity of an aircraft engine is greater than the speed of sound, then, in a thought experiment, we can set vp to be greater than vn, regardless of whether vn is faster than the speed of light.

在没有发动机推力时,因为空气阻力,靠重力坠落的物体总会达到一个终端速度的极限。依此类比,狭义相对论把光速当成教条或无法逾越的速度鸿沟其实是背离科学精神的——虽然它符合所谓常识或事实。因为在伽利略和牛顿之前,亚里士多德和托勒密的论断都貌似事实,但最终被真正的科学证明是荒谬且粗陋的。目前宇宙飞船的速度难以达到光速的万分之三,但vp的最大值只取决于飞船动力系统所能输出的最大功率。回到上述铁球思想实验,对于铁球的加速度函数,vp和vn都是无关项。流体的黏度还是惟一的相关项。我们将油、水、空气和以太暗物质的黏度分别用so、sw、sa和se表示,则上述四次铁球实验中铁球加速度函数的惟一相关项分别是So、Sw、Sa和se,其中So、Sw和Sa表示前三次实验的综合叠加黏度。

In the absence of engine thrust, objects falling by gravity will always reach a terminal velocity limit due to air resistance. By analogy, special relativity's treatment of the speed of light as a dogma or an insurmountable speed chasm is actually contrary to the spirit of science—even if it fits into so-called common sense or fact. Because before Galileo and Newton, Aristotle and Ptolemy's assertions were plausible facts, but they were finally proven absurd and crude by real science. At present, the speed of spacecraft is difficult to reach three ten-thousandths of the speed of light, but the maximum value of vp only depends on the maximum power output of the spacecraft's power system. Returning to the above iron ball thought experiment, for the acceleration function of iron balls, vp and vnare irrelevant variables. The viscosity of the fluid is still the only relevant variable. If we express the viscosity of oil, water, air and etheric dark matter as so, sw, sa and serespectively, the only relevant variable of the acceleration function of the iron ball in the above four iron ball experiments are So, Sw, Sa and se, respectively, where So, Sw and Sarepresent the comprehensive superimposed viscosity of the previous three experiments.

那么在最后的思想实验中,太空里以太暗物质的黏度se就是铁球加速度函数的惟一变量。从道论的角度看铁球实验,任何物体表现出来的对改变速度的抗拒效应,并非物体的内禀属性。这种通常被称为惯性的抗拒效应,只不过是四周的环境流体的黏性力导致的。所谓的惯性和所谓的电荷都是外在属性,都可以表现为0值或其它非零数值,即使实体的构型(这是真正的内禀属性)丝毫没有改变。换言之,通过思想实验推理,在道论看来,物质的惯性质量是四周以太暗物质黏度的负相关函数。如果天体被同样的道斥力推动,当以太暗物质的黏度下降时,天体的运行的加速度就会变大。

In the final thought experiment, the viscosity se of etheric dark matter in space is the only variable of the acceleration function of the iron ball. From the perspective of Daoeory, the resistance effect of any object to for changing speed is not an intrinsic property of the object. This resistance, often referred to as inertial resistance, is simply caused by the viscous forces of the surrounding environmental fluids. The so-called inertia and charge are both extrinsic properties, whose apparent value can be 0 or non-zero, even if the configuration (which is the real intrinsic property) of the entity does not change in the slightest. In other words, through thought experimental reasoning, in the Daoeory view, the inertial mass of matter is a negative correlation function of the viscosityof the surrounding etheric dark matter. If the celestial body is propelled by the same daopulsions, when the viscosity of etheric dark matter decreases, the acceleration of the celestial body's motion increases.

天文学观测的结果支持我们的宇宙始于大爆炸,在我们可观察的边缘区域,因为恒星分布失衡,道斥力顺从于爆炸方向且趋于增大,而以太暗物质黏度却趋于变小,就像以太暗物质在丢失,导致恒星的惯性质量变小,两种趋势叠加令边缘区域的恒星加速远离彼此,导致似乎有什么暗能量推动宇宙加速膨胀——虽然暗能量并不实体性地存在。换言之,在大爆炸边缘,以太暗物质的实体性缺失,导致了暗能量虚拟存在。

Astronomical observations support that our universe started with the Big Bang, in the marginal region where we can observe, because the distribution of stars is out of balance, the daopulsion obeys the direction of the explosion and tends to increase, while the viscosity of etheric dark matter tends to become smaller, just as etheric dark matter is lost, resulting in a smaller inertial mass of the star, thus the combination of the two trends accelerates stars in the marginal region away from each other, resulting in what appears to be some dark energy is driving the universe to accelerate expansion - although dark energy does not physically exist. In other words, on the edge of the Big Bang, the substantial absence of etheric dark matter led to the virtual existence of dark energy.

⒖ 验证道论:通过惯性测量寻踪暗物质

xv Verifying Daoeory: tracing dark matter through inertial measurement

现代科学预期地球的自转速度会越来越慢,但从2020年起,实测地球自转的速度却突然变快了。从国际原子时TAI系统建立51年以来,2022年6月29日是地球最短的一天,时长比24小时少了1.59毫秒。面对这种突然变化,道论可以给出的解释是,绕着银心转动的太阳系从2020年开始进入了以太暗物质的黏度较小的区域,导致地球自转速度变快。

Modern science expects the Earth's rotation to become slower and slower, but from 2020 onwards, the measured speed of the Earth's rotation has suddenly become faster. In the 51 years since the establishment of the International Atomic Time TAI system, June 29, 2022 is the shortest day on Earth, with 1.59 milliseconds less than 24 hours. In the face of this sudden change, the explanation that Daoeory can give is that the solar system orbiting the Galactic Center has entered the less viscous region of etheric dark matter since 2020, causing the Earth's rotation rate to become faster.

由于地球有较厚的大气层,地表还有大面积海洋,所以地球只是近似的刚体,并非测量以太暗物质的理想样本。相较而言,火星是目前人类最好的参照测量样本。因为大气稀薄且几乎没有液态水,火星比地球更接近刚体,而且美国宇航局和欧洲发射的四艘探测器正在环绕火星工作,美国的多台和中国的祝融号火星车正工作在火星地表。所以,人类也有条件建立监测火星自转周期变化的系统,然后对火星和地球的自转周期数据进行参照对比。假如火星和地球自转周期的变化曲线表现出协调性或者差异,都对人类的科学探索深富意义。

Because the Earth has a thick atmosphere and a large area of ocean on the surface, the Earth is only an approximate rigid body, not an ideal sample for measuring etheric dark matter. In contrast, Mars is currently the best reference measurement sample for humans. Because the atmosphere is thin and there is almost no liquid water, Mars is closer to a rigid body than Earth, and Mars has four orbiting probes launched by NASA and Europe, and there are multiple American rovers is working on the surface of Mars, as well as China's Zhurong rover. Therefore, human beings also have the conditions to establish a monitoring system for the change of the rotation cycle of Mars, and then compare the rotation period data of Mars and Earth. If the change curves of the rotation cycles of Mars and Earth show coordination or difference, they are of great significance to human scientific exploration.

当然道论最重要的有待检验的观点是将重力归因于中微子撞击,即道斥力。究竟是引力还是斥力?如果我们深入思考这个问题,就会发现这个问题具有悖论性:这个问题无法翻译成广义相对论或量子力学里的提问。而如果经典地思考这个问题,答案一定是斥力。比喻地讲,如果宇宙是一个水池,有可以调整流量大小的进水口和出水口,那么我们如何通过调节流量令水池里形成密度的波动呢?答案显然是进水口更容易。而进水口在这里就比喻斥力。

Of course, the most important point to be tested in Daoeory is to attribute gravity to neutrino impacts, i.e., daopulsions. Is it gravity or repulsion? As we think this question over, we find that it is paradoxical: it cannot be translated into general relativity or quantum mechanics. And if you think about this question classically, the answer must be repulsion. Figuratively, if the universe is a pool with inlets and outlets that can adjust the size of the flow, how do we adjust the flow rate to create density fluctuations in the pool? The answer is obviously that the water inlet is easier. And the water inlet is here a metaphor for repulsion.

也许当物理学家都把引力子和磁单极子当成粗陋的笑话时,道论简洁明了的经典性就会被世人普遍接受。

Perhaps when physicists treat gravitons and magnetic monopoles as crude jokes, the simplicity and clarity of this classical Daoeory will be generally accepted.


壬寅年辛亥月甲子日 立冬 唐山

Tangshan, November 7, 2022

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