大学生活

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You have to take out student loans.

你得申请学生贷款。https://www.toutiao.com/article/7164300553164538408/?log_from=19c774c346f48_1668223181447

All financial aid is free money.

所有的财政援助都是免费的。

There aren't many options to pay for college.

支付大学学费的选择并不多。

If you live in the US or are attending an American school, you may have heard things like this when it comes to funding your college education, and it can be hard to know what's true and what's not.

如果你住在美国或在美国上学，你可能听说过这样的事情，即当涉及到你的大学教育资金时，很难知道什么信息是真的，什么是假的。

Hi, I'm Erica Brozovsky and this is Crash Course: How to College, a Study Hall series presented in partnership with Arizona State University.

大家好，我是埃里卡·布罗佐夫斯基，这里是“Crash Course：大学怎么上”系列课程，这是与亚利桑那州立大学合作推出的 Study Hall 系列节目。

Today? We're talking money.

今天学什么呢？我们来谈谈钱。

No matter what kind of school you're considering, understanding the costs can make the process of paying for college more manageable.

无论你在考虑哪种学校，了解一下成本可以使你支付大学费用的过程更易于控制。

Fortunately, on their website, all schools will have the total cost of attendance, which is an estimate for all the expenses a student will have to pay for each academic year including both direct and indirect costs.

幸运的是，在学校的网站上，它们都给出了总出勤费，这是一个学生每学年必须支付的所有费用的估计值，包括直接和间接费用。

Direct costs are all the expenses you pay directly to the school, like tuition for the credits you need to complete your degree, which can cover a wide range of things.

直接费用是指你直接支付给学校的所有费用，比如完成学位所需学分的学费，它可以涵盖很多方面。

You'll probably have to pay building maintenance fees, technology fees, wireless fees, fees for health services — a lot of schools even charge you to support the athletic program.

你可能需要支付建筑维修费、技术费、无线费、医疗服务费——很多学校甚至向你收取体育项目的费用。

And depending on what you choose, your direct costs can also include your dorm room and meal plan.

根据你的选择，你的直接费用还可能包含你的住宿费和餐费。

Most colleges require you to pay these costs before you can attend classes.

大多数大学要求你在上课之前就支付这些费用。

Just remember: if you don't live on campus, you generally don't get a meal plan!

要记住：如果你不住在学校，通常是没有餐费的！

But there are also indirect costs, which are pretty much everything else you need to be a student, like books, internet service, and software programs.

但也有间接费用，这几乎是你成为一名学生所需的所有其他费用，如书籍、互联网服务和软件程序。

Depending on where you live, these can also be travel expenses, like gas, vehicle maintenance, and parking or public transportation fees.

这取决于你住在哪里，也可能是通勤费用，比如汽油费、车辆维护费、停车费或公共交通费。

In case that's confusing, there's an easy way to keep track of it all: direct costs are the things that will appear on your bill from the college, and indirect costs are everything else!

如果这让你感到困惑，有一个简单的方法来摸清这一切：直接费用是将出现在大学费用清单上的东西，间接费用就是其他一切开销！

As we mentioned in earlier episodes, some schools require freshmen and sophomores to live on campus, in the dorms, while juniors and seniors have an option of where to live.

正如我们在前面提到的，一些学校要求大一和大二的学生住在校园里，住在宿舍里，而大三和大四的学生可以自行选择住在哪里。

If you're an adult, returning student, you often are given an exemption to living on campus, even if you're an under-classman.

如果你是一名已成年的老生，即使你是一名低年级学生，你也可以免收住校费用。

For whatever reason, if you're not living on campus, you need to be prepared to cover your living expenses.

无论出于何种原因，如果你不在学校居住，你就需要准备好支付你的生活费用。

These will include housing, food, utilities, and, if you have kids, childcare — although check with your college for help on that last one.

这些包括住房、食品、公用事业，如果你有孩子，就还有儿童保育费——在最后一个问题上可以去向你的大学寻求帮助。

Many offer before and after-school childcare to help parents stay in school.

许多学校提供课前和课后托儿服务，以帮助父母继续在校学习。

And to help you make sense of it, here's a brief overview of how costs compare between living on and off-campus at different kinds of colleges.

为了帮助你理解这一点，这里有一个关于不同类型大学校内和校外生活成本比较的简要概述。

You may be surprised to learn that, in most cases, students who live on campus pay less for additional expenses like transportation, entertainment, and personal care than students who live off-campus.

你可能会惊讶地发现，在大多数情况下，住在校园里的学生比住在校外的学生在交通、娱乐和个人护理等额外费用上支付的要少。

The numbers depend on where you live and whether the school is public, private, or for-profit.

这些数字取决于你住在哪里，以及学校是公立、私立还是营利性的。

And while these expenses vary based on your own unique situation, these figures can give you an idea of what to expect.

虽然这些费用根据你自己的独特情况而有所不同，但这些数字可以让你了解预期的情况。

After all that budgeting and spreadsheeting, that total cost of attendance can look like a really big number.

在弄清楚所有这些预算和电子表格之后，总考勤成本看起来可能是一个非常大的数字。

But there are so many ways to find financial aid to help pay for college.

但是，有很多获得经济援助的方法来帮助你支付大学费用。

First off, we can consider federal financial aid, which is kind of an umbrella term for several different options funded by the US government.

首先，我们可以考虑联邦财政援助，这是由美国政府资助的几种不同选择的总称。

For instance, federal financial aid includes need-based federal grants, which are awarded based on financial need and don't need to be repaid.

例如，联邦财政援助包括基于需求的联邦赠款，这些赠款是根据经济需求颁发的，不需要偿还。

Federal financial aid can also include federal work study, which is a government-funded part-time job designed specifically to help both part-time and full-time students pay for school.

联邦财政援助还可以包含联邦工作补助金，它提供一种政府资助的兼职工作，专门帮助兼职和全职学生支付学费。

While most federal work-study jobs are on campus, some jobs are off-campus at organizations the college partners with.

虽然大多数联邦政府的勤工俭学工作都在校园里，但也有一些工作是在大学合作伙伴的校外组织里进行的。

If you plan to enroll as a distance learner or online student and want to know whether a federal work-study job is an option for you, check with the college you're interested in.

如果你计划注册成为远程学习者或线上学习学生，并想知道联邦工读工作是否适合你，那么就请与你感兴趣的大学联系。

To receive a need-based federal grant or be eligible for federal work-study, you have to complete a Free Application For Student Aid, otherwise known as a FAFSA.

要获得基于需求的联邦助学金或有资格参加联邦勤工俭学项目，你就必须完成免费的学生援助申请，或称为 FAFSA。

You'll need to complete the FAFSA for every year that you're enrolled in school and want to receive federal financial aid.

你需要完成每一年在学注册后的 FAFSA 申请，以获取联邦财政援助。

Lots of students don't complete the FAFSA because it requires a lot of information from you and often your parent or guardian.

许多学生没有完成 FAFSA，因为它需要你和你的父母或监护人提供大量信息。

But it also opens the door to so many other ways to pay for college… and is the only way to qualify for federal grants and loans!

但它也为许多其他支付大学费用的方式打开了大门，而且是获得联邦赠款和贷款的唯一途径！

For instance, loans are money you borrow to pay for a product or service upfront with the expectation that you will repay the loan at a later date.

例如，贷款是你为提前支付产品或服务而借入的钱，预期你将在晚些时候偿还。

And if you complete the FAFSA, you may be eligible for federal student loans which often come with lower interest rates than private or bank-based loans.

如果你完成了 FAFSA，你就可能有资格获得联邦学生贷款，这些贷款的利率通常低于私人或银行贷款。

These include subsidized loans, unsubsidized loans, and graduate PLUS loans.

这些贷款包括补贴贷款、无补贴贷款和研究生+ 贷款。

Each one has its own benefits and requirements.

每种方法都有自己的优点和要求。

Like with subsidized loans, the federal government pays your interest while you're in school, which can save you money over time.

比如补贴贷款，联邦政府在你上学的时候为你支付利息，随着时间的推移，这就可以帮助你省钱。

On the other hand, the interest rate on an unsubsidized loan builds up over time.

另一方面，无补贴贷款的利率随着时间的推移而积累。

Parent PLUS Loans can also help students pay college costs.

家长+ 贷款也可以帮助学生支付大学费用。

Although not required to, parents can apply for this loan option if the financial aid that has already been awarded does not cover all your costs.

虽然没有要求，但如果已经授予的财务援助不能支付你的所有费用，你的父母便可以申请这个贷款选项。

If they do apply and are denied, you'll be eligible for unsubsidized loans to cover additional expenses.

如果他们确实申请了，但被拒绝了，那么你将有资格获得无补贴贷款，以支付额外的费用。

Private loans are also an option for paying for school and are based on your credit history rather than financial need.

私人贷款也是支付学费的一种选择，它是基于你的信用记录给出的，而不是依据你的财务需求。

However, it's important to note that private loans often come with higher interest rates than federal loans and may require you to have a cosigner.

然而，重要的是要注意，私人贷款通常比联邦贷款的利率更高，可能需要你有一个联合签署人。

Some private loans, like those offered by credit unions, are more affordable.

一些私人贷款，比如信用合作社提供的贷款，则更容易负担得起。

We often hear about student loans and how difficult they can be, but there is no shame in taking out a loan to pay for college.

我们经常听到学生贷款，以及申请它们有多困难，但用贷款支付大学费用并不可耻。

And if you stick with us here on Study Hall, we'll help you succeed throughout college so you can graduate, get a job, and hopefully not struggle to pay off those loans.

如果你坚持在 Study Hall 学习，我们将帮助你在整个大学期间取得成功，这样你就可以顺利毕业、找到工作，希望你不会为偿还贷款而挣扎。

And in addition to federal financial aid and loans, you can also round out how you're paying for college with scholarships, which are another type of financial aid that you don't have to pay back.

除了联邦财政援助和贷款，你还可以通过奖学金来支付大学学费，这是另一种无需偿还的财政援助。

Some scholarships are need-based, which means the amount for which you are eligible is dependent on your or your family's economic status.

有些奖学金是基于需求而给的，这意味着你符合资格的金额取决于你或你家庭的经济状况。

Others are merit-based, which means they're awarded based on your academic achievement.

其他的是基于成绩给的，这意味着根据你的学术成就来授予你一定数量的奖学金。

And there are also scholarships granted based on socioeconomic or demographic circumstances, like income-based scholarships or scholarships meant to encourage people of underrepresented identities to go to college.

还有一些奖学金是基于社会经济或人口状况发放的，比如基于收入的奖学金，或旨在鼓励那些身份地位不被看重之人上大学的奖学金。

Scholarships are amazing opportunities for you to earn money for school that you don't have to pay back.

奖学金对你来说是一个很好的机会，你可以赚钱上学，而且不用还钱。

But that also means that you have to plan ahead to earn them so that you can submit a well-rounded application and stand out from the crowd.

但这也意味着你必须提前做好计划以获得它们，这样你才能提交一份全面的申请，从人群中脱颖而出。

The same is true for institutional aid, which is any money the college gives you directly whether that's merit-based or need-based aid.

机构援助也是如此，即学校直接给你的任何钱，无关乎这是基于成绩还是基于需求的援助。

You can get institutional aid by applying, but some colleges automatically offer this type of aid to students after you get accepted to the college.

你可以通过申请获得机构援助，但一些大学在你被录取后会主动向学生提供这种援助。

And no matter what types of financial aid you end up using, perhaps one of the most important things to remember about financial aid is that it's rare for one aid option to cover everything.

无论你最终使用哪种类型的财政援助，也许最重要的一点是要记住，很少有一种援助选项涵盖了所有方面。

Instead, think of each option as a building block toward your total cost of attendance.

相反，可以把每个选择都看作是你总考勤成本的一块积木。

Some options will give you bigger chunks of change and some will seem like drops in the bucket, but it all adds up.

有些选择会给你带来更大的改变，有些似乎是杯水车薪，但它们都是累积起来的。

So as you're planning for college, review each option carefully and understand the unique requirements, limitations, and terms of each one.

因此，当你计划上大学时，仔细审查每个选项，了解每个选项的独特要求、限制和条款。

And keep in mind that just because you don't qualify now doesn't mean you won't qualify in the future.

请记住，你现在没有资格，也并不意味着你将来没有资格。

As you review your aid options, don't forget to check with your employer!

当你仔细研究你的援助选择时，也不要忘记与你的雇主联系！

More and more companies, such as Starbucks, Uber and Chipotle, are offering 100% tuition coverage for employees, and most companies agree to pay a portion of your school costs depending on the type of tuition assistance program they offer.

越来越多的公司，如星巴克、优步和契普多，会为员工提供100%的学费代付支持，大多数公司同意根据他们提供的学费援助项目的类型为你支付部分学费。

Tuition reimbursement programs require you to pay for the costs upfront, then your employer will repay you after you've earned a passing grade for the course.

学费报销项目要求你提前支付费用，然后你的雇主会在你的课程获得及格分数后将费用退还给你。

And in direct bill programs, your employer will pay the school you attend, instead of having you pay for the courses first.

在直接收费项目中，你的雇主将为你向你就读的学校支付费用，而不是让你先为课程支付费用。

But if you don't earn a passing grade in the course, your employer may require you to pay them the money back.

但如果你在这门课上没有获得及格分数，你的雇主就可能会要求你还钱。

Unlike those tuition assistance programs, a lump sum program offers all the money you are eligible for once each year.

与那些学费援助计划不同，一次性资助计划每年提供一次你有资格获得的所有资金。

Although the amount of tuition assistance varies, companies are allowed to offer up to $5,250 in tax-free funding annually.

尽管学费援助的金额各不相同，但企业每年最多可以提供5250美元的免税资金。

Some companies choose to offer more, so it's important to ask how much tuition assistance is offered each year.

一些公司选择提供更多的学费援助，所以去询问一下每年提供多少学费援助是很重要的。

And you should ask whether you're limited to specific areas of study.

你应该问自己是否局限于特定的学习领域。

Some companies only offer tuition assistance if your courses relate to the company's industry.

有些公司只有在你的课程与公司的行业相关时才会提供学费援助。

Like if I worked for a tech company and wanted to take courses, they might only cover things like cybersecurity, programming, web design, and related topics.

比如我在一家科技公司工作，想要上课，它们可能只针对涉及网络安全、编程、网页设计和相关主题等内容提供帮助。

But if I wanted to study something else — like linguistics! — I can try to make a case that other courses will help me do my job better and convince my employer to cover it.

但如果我想学别的东西——比如语言学——我就可以尝试证明其他课程可以帮助我更好地完成我的工作，并说服我的雇主将其纳入援助范围。

So research the courses you want to take before applying for aid through your company.

所以，在通过你的公司申请援助之前，先研究一下你想学的课程。

And be prepared to explain how each course relates to your job and how each one can help you contribute to the company.

准备好解释每门课程与你的工作有什么关系，每门课程如何帮助你为公司做出贡献。

If you're under 24 and considered a dependent, you can also consider asking your parents or guardians to check with their employer.

如果你还不到24岁，被认为是受抚养人，你也可以考虑让你的父母或监护人与他们的雇主商议。

For instance, Wells Fargo offers tuition reimbursement for employees and scholarships for the children of employees.

例如，富国银行为员工提供学费报销，并为员工的子女提供奖学金。

Or if your parent or guardian works for a college or university, you may qualify for tuition assistance if you attend that school.

或者，如果你的父母或监护人在一所学院或大学工作，如果你就读于该学校，你可能就有资格获得学费援助。

And if you or your spouse is employed by the military, you may qualify for military tuition assistance, which is available to both active duty service members and veterans.

如果你或你的配偶受雇于军队，你可能有资格获得军事学费援助，这对现役军人和退伍军人都有效。

As a veteran, your dependents — like your spouse or children — may also receive aid through spouse or dependent assistance.

作为一名退伍军人，你的家属——比如你的配偶或孩子——也可以通过配偶或家属援助获得支持。

For example, the Post-9/11 GI Bill is designed to pay for service members' education and can be transferred to a qualifying spouse or other dependent.

例如，911事件后的《退伍军人权利法案》旨在为服役人员的支付其教育费用，并可转移给符合条件的配偶或其他受抚养人。

And each branch of service has different tuition assistance programs, so we encourage you to check with the appropriate branch for more specific information.

每个服务部门都有不同的学费援助计划，所以我们鼓励你向相应的部门查询更具体的信息。

Ultimately, paying for college is about finding money to put toward your education, but it's also about reducing the amount of money you need to pay out of pocket, and what school you go to can be a big part of that.

最终，支付大学费用是为了找到钱来投入你的教育，但它也是为了减少你需要自掏腰包的钱，你上的学校可能是很大一部分的影响因素。

Trade schools may have higher up-front costs than four-year schools, but offer a more specific career focus that can lead to gainful employment quickly.

职业学校可能比四年制学校有更高的前期成本，但它提供了更具体的职业重点，可以迅速为你带来有收入的就业。

You can often earn a certificate there in one or two years, and fund your program with federal financial aid, scholarships, or grants.

你通常可以在一到两年的时间内获得的证书，并通过联邦财政援助、奖学金或补助金为你的项目提供资金。

Community colleges also cost less than state colleges or universities.

社区学院的费用也比州立学院或高等院（大学）校低。

Even if you decide to attend a university later, you can attend a community college first to complete your general education credits at a lower cost.

即使你决定以后上大学，你也可以先上社区大学，以较低的成本修满你的普通教育学分。

If you decide to take this path, make sure you understand how the credits you earned at a community college will transfer to a university.

如果你决定走这条路，就要确保你了解你所在的社区学院获得的学分如何转到大学。

Most schools have a transfer credit tool on their websites that you can use to evaluate the number of credits that could transfer.

大多数学校的网站上都有一个转学分工具，你可以使用它来评估可以转出的学分数量。

Earning college credits in high school like through Advanced Placement courses or taking low-cost college courses like ASU's universal learner courses is another way to reduce college costs by earning college credit before actually starting college.

在高中通过先修课程或参加低成本的大学课程以获得大学学分，如亚利桑那州立大学的通用学习者课程，也是另一种在真正开始上大学之前获得大学学分的方法，可以帮助你降低大学学习成本。

You can also look into CLEP, a College-Level Examination Program that enables you to complete tests in lieu of taking introductory courses.

你还可以看看 CLEP，这是一个大学水平的考试项目，帮助你完成考核，而不是学习入门课程。

And DANTES, which supports members of the military in completing exams to earn high school and college credits.

还有 DANTES，它帮助支持军队成员完成考试，以获得高中和大学学分。

Planning ahead for college tuition and fees can help you save more money in the long run and reduce financial stress.

从长远来看，提前计划大学学费和其他费用可以帮助你节省更多的钱，减少财务压力。

Less stress means more energy to focus on your coursework, create great memories, and enjoy your college experience.

更少的压力就意味着能有更多的精力专注于你的课程学习、创造美好的回忆、享受你的大学经历。

Thanks for watching this episode of Crash Course How to College.

感谢收看本期 Crash Course：大学怎么上。

This series is part of an expanded program called Study Hall.

这个系列是一个名为 Study Hall 的扩展项目的一部分。

Crash Course has partnered with Arizona State University to launch Study Hall on its own channel.

Crash Course 与亚利桑那州立大学合作，在自己的频道上推出了 Study Hall 项目。

Check out youtube. com/studyhall where you'll find more tips about navigating college, choosing a major, plus foundational courses connected to college credit courses that students struggle most within their first two years.

查看 youtube.com/studyhall，你会发现更多关于上大学、选择专业的建议，以及与大学学分课程相关的基础课程，这些课程是学生在前两年最头疼的。

We hope to see you over there!

我们希望在那里见到你！