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基于具核梭杆菌在CRC发生发展中的重要作用，具核梭杆菌被认为可作为CRC的治疗靶点之一。抗生素——甲硝唑可以消除具核梭杆菌，在异种移植的CRC小鼠中有效缩小了肿瘤体积，非甾体抗炎药物——阿司匹林也可以消除具核梭杆菌，它在CRC中的预防作用或许就是部分由此介导的。 既然抗生素可以，那么比抗生素能够更精准地靶向单一细菌的噬菌体或许也可以。研究表明，携带伊立替康纳米颗粒的噬菌体可以靶向定植了梭杆菌的肿瘤，调控肿瘤生长[33]。 一种由FadA与E-钙黏蛋白结合位点衍生的11-aa抑制肽被发现能够阻止具核梭杆菌在肿瘤中定植，以及与CRC细胞结合[7]，同类药物还包括抗FadA单抗，但它们能否降低CRC发生率还是未知的，这类基于细菌毒力因子的疗法还需要更多的临床证据。 除此之外，粪菌移植，以及饮食、益生菌、益生元和后生元等可以调节肠道微生物组成的方法理论上都有辅助治疗CRC的潜力，但同样也需要更多更大规模的研究加以验证。
靶向具核梭杆菌的潜在治疗途径 具核梭杆菌是目前研究较多的一种癌症相关肠道微生物，无论是致病机制，还是作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。 然而，我们也要意识到，肠道微生物之间也存在复杂的相互作用，可能对具核梭杆菌与CRC的关系产生干扰，同时，考虑肿瘤特异性和患者个体差异，靶向具核梭杆菌的治疗能够起到怎样的效果仍然有很多的未知。像单独的肿瘤和肠道微生物研究一样，在这个交叉领域，我们还有很长的路要走。 参考文献： [1] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel R L, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 2021, 71(3): 209-249. [2] Siegel R L, et al. Cancer statistics, 2022[J]. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 2022, 72: 7-33. [3] Coker O O, Nakatsu G, Dai R Z, et al. Enteric fungal microbiota dysbiosis and ecological alterations in colorectal cancer[J]. Gut, 2019, 68(4): 654-662. [4] Kostic A D, Gevers D, Pedamallu C S, et al. Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma[J]. Genome research, 2012, 22(2): 292-298. [5] Castellarin M, Warren R L, Freeman J D, et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma[J]. 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