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封面：一张长时间曝光的照片显示，一个月明的夜晚，黄石国家公园的间歇泉正在喷发。黄石国家公园的间歇泉和其他热液特征是由地壳上部岩浆储层的热量提供的。
推荐阅读：
【人信号肽酶复合物作为膜蛋白的质量控制酶】
【活性DNA去甲基化促进细胞命运决定和DNA损伤反应】
【哺乳动物细胞间通讯和接触史的监测】
AIR POLLUTION
Pollution harms children’sdevelopment
The harmful effects of neighborhood poverty on children’s cognitive development can be partly explained by early exposure to toxic air pollution. 如此说来，“绿水青山就是金山银山”又多了一条依据！
Concentrated poverty, ambient air pollution, and child cognitive development【集中贫困、环境空气污染和儿童认知发展】https://www./doi/10.1126/sciadv.add0285 MACHINE LEARNINGMachine learning to play Stratego人工智能不再只局限于接收并执行确定的“指令”，而是更“人性化”了！
Mastering the game of Stratego with model-free multiagent reinforcement learning【通过无模型多智能体强化学习掌握Stratego游戏】https://www./doi/10.1126/science.add4679 PLANT SCIENCENitrogen fixation kept in balance大豆等豆类可以在根瘤共生细菌的帮助下吸收大气中的氮。根瘤中的细胞能量状态决定了固氮的速率。Ke等人发现AMP浓度可增加某些糖酵解基因对应染色体位置的可及性，促进磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸的分配，从而促进固氮。 Phosphoenolpyruvate reallocation links nitrogen fixation rates to root nodule energy state【磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸盐再分配将固氮率与根瘤能量状态联系起来】https://www./doi/10.1126/science.abq8591 ULTRACOLD CHEMISTRYForming dense, ultracold triatomic gases超冷化学：形成致密的超冷三原子气体 Creation of an ultracold gas of triatomic molecules from an atom–diatomic molecule mixture【从原子-双原子分子混合物中产生三原子分子的超冷气体】https://www./doi/10.1126/science.ade6307 MONKEYPOXMonkeypoxantiviraldrug猴痘抗病毒药物Sci. Transl. Med. 14, eade7646 (2022). QUANTUM SIMULATIONTopologicalquantumphotonics量子模拟，拓扑量子光子学Ihttps://www./doi/10.1126/science.ade6219 QUALITY CONTROLWeeding out faulty membrane proteins质量控制：清除有缺陷的膜蛋白 Membrane proteins connect the cell to its environment and are essential for key biological activities and cell survival. To function properly, membrane proteins need to adopt a well-defined three-dimensional structure within the lipid bilayer. Failures in this process give rise to numerous diseases. Zanotti et al. found that the human signal peptidase complex, which removes signal peptides from endoplasmic reticulum–targeted secretory and membrane proteins, has an additional quality control function. The complex cleaves faulty membrane proteins（裂解有缺陷的膜蛋白）, supporting their degradation and helping to maintain a healthy membrane proteome. These findings extend our understanding of molecular quality control in cells and suggest potential targets in protein-folding disorders. 人信号肽酶复合物可以裂解有缺陷的膜蛋白，从而保证留下了的膜蛋白都是结构完好，功能正常的膜蛋白。 The human signal peptidase complex acts as a quality control enzyme for membrane proteins【人信号肽酶复合物作为膜蛋白的质量控制酶】https://www./doi/10.1126/science.abo5672 HIV CLINICAL TRIALSHuman vaccination induces bnAb precursorsHIV临床试验：人类疫苗接种诱导bnAb前体 Each year, more than 1 million new HIV infections occur, highlighting the need for effective HIV vaccines. 艾滋病疫苗再现曙光 新策略可诱导针对多种HIV的广泛中和抗体！ Vaccination induces HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans【疫苗接种诱导人类HIV广泛中和抗体前体】https://www./doi/10.1126/science.add6502 METALLURGYToo cold to fracture金属学：太冷而不会断裂=发现了耐超低温的金属材料 Finding structural materials that have good fracture properties at very low temperatures is challenging but is important for fields such as space exploration. Exceptional fracture toughness of CrCoNi-based medium- and high-entropy alloys at 20 kelvin【CrCoNi基中熵和高熵合金在20开尔文下的优异断裂韧性】https://www./doi/10.1126/science.abp8070 BIODIVERSITYProtecting Madagascar生物多样性：保护马达加斯加 Madagascar has been isolated from mainland Africa and Asia for more than 80 million years and has developed a distinctive flora and fauna（动植物群）, with more than 90% of its species endemic（特有的） to the island nation. It is also home to the Malagasy people, with a population of about 30 million, and was first colonized by humans around the first century BCE. The island’s biodiverse wildlife is highly threatened, and much of itshumanpopulationlivesbelowthepovertyline.This Reviews characterize the biological history and diversity of the island and examine conservation status and actions required to protect biodiversity and improve living standards and well-being for the Malagasy people. endemic adj.地方性;(某地或某集体中)特有的;流行的;难摆脱的 n.地方病;某地特产的植物[动物] =en 进入…之中 + dem 人民，人们 + ic …的 → 在人民中间的 → 地方性的 pandemic n.(全国或全球性)流行病;大流行病 adj.（疾病）大流行的;普遍的，全世界的 =pan 广泛的 + dem 人民，人们 + ic …的 → 在人民中广泛〔存在〕的 → 广泛流行的 |
Madagascar’s extraordinary biodiversity: Threats and opportunities【马达加斯加非凡的生物多样性：威胁与机遇】
https://www./doi/10.1126/science.adf1466 VOLCANOLOGYPicturing Yellowstone’s plumbing火山学：描绘黄石公园的管道 https://www./doi/10.1126/science.ade0347 MOLECULAR BIOLOGYActive DNA demethylation in neurons分子生物学：神经元中活跃的DNA去甲基化 The DNA of neurons is continually damaged due to lifelong, high-level metabolic and transcriptional activity. Recent studies have also demonstrated extensive “programmed” DNA damage in differentiating postmitotic(有丝分裂后的) neurons. Wang et al. identified endogenous lesions as single-strand-break intermediates of thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG)–mediated removal of oxidized methylcytosines during active DNA demethylation. Interrupting active DNA demethylation using antineoplastic cytosine analogs triggered TDG-dependent neuronal cell death. This work suggests that the well-known neurotoxic side effects of certain chemotherapies, also called “chemobrain,” could be linked to DNA repair processes intrinsic to normal neuronal differentiation. 由于终生高水平的代谢和转录活动，神经元的 DNA 不断受到损伤。最近的研究也表明，在分化有丝分裂后神经元中存在广泛的“程序性”DNA 损伤。Wang 等人将内源性病变鉴定为在活性 DNA 去甲基化过程中胸腺嘧啶DNA糖苷酶(tdG)介导的氧化甲基胞嘧啶去除的单链断裂中间体。使用抗肿瘤胞嘧啶类似物中断活性 DNA 去甲基化触发 TDG 依赖性神经元细胞死亡。这项工作表明，某些化学疗法的神经毒副作用，也称为“化学脑”，可能正常神经元分化所固有的DNA修复过程有关。 Active DNA demethylation promotes cell fate specification and the DNA damage response【活性DNA去甲基化促进细胞命运决定和DNA损伤反应】https://www./doi/10.1126/science.add9838 WILDFIRESHigh and dryHigh temperatures and dry conditions have produced extreme fire activity in northeastern Siberia recently. https://www./doi/10.1126/science.abn4419 PHYSIOLOGYLimiting nutrient loss in the kidney肾脏通过内吞作用和近端小管内壁细胞的活性转运过滤血液并保留营养物质。VPS34是一种参与囊泡运输和膜蛋白内吞分选的脂质激酶。VPS34在小鼠近端小管细胞中的缺乏降低了营养转运蛋白的表面水平，从而增加了尿液中脂质和蛋白质的丢失。VPS34抑制剂可用于治疗那些限制营养流失而带来临床益处的疾病，如肾癌。 https://www./doi/10.1126/scisignal.abo7940 T CELLSActivation answersA central role for STAT5 in the transcriptional programing of T helper cell metabolism【STAT5在T辅助细胞代谢转录编程中的中心作用】https://www./doi/10.1126/sciimmunol.abl9467 ARCHAEOLOGYBronze Age trade networks of tin考古学: 青铜时代的锡贸易网络 Sci. Adv. 10.1126/sciadv.abq3766 (2022). SYNTHETIC BIOLOGYTracing a history of cell-cell contact合成生物学: 追踪细胞与细胞之间的联系 The ability to monitor the history of cell-cell contact could benefit our understanding of cellular interactions in many biological contexts, from development to various disease states. Zhang et al. modified synthetic receptor systems that could be targeted to cells of interest in mice. Binding of the designed ligand on a sender（发送者） cell to a compatible receptor on a receiver cell permanently marked the receiver cell through a change in expression of a fluorescent reporter. For example, they could detect endothelial cells that moved during development from the heart to the liver. 监测细胞-细胞接触历史的能力有助于我们理解从发育到各种疾病状态的许多生物背景下的细胞相互作用。Zhang 等人修改了合成受体系统，该系统可以结合我们感兴趣的小鼠细胞。在发送者细胞上设计的配体与接收者细胞上的相容受体的结合通过荧光报告基因表达的变化永久地标记了接收细胞。例如，他们可以检测到发育过程中从心脏移动到肝脏的内皮细胞。 Monitoring of cell-cell communication and contact history in mammals【哺乳动物细胞间通讯和接触史的监测】 https://www./doi/10.1126/science.abo5503
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