课前小叮嘱
1. 上课时：
? 最好有纸质版讲义 ， 没有没关系
? 积极互动答题
? 重要问题可以提问 ， 没有回答 → 罗叔微博 or 助教老师
2. 下课后：
? 总结每篇文章 ， 积累心动表达 ， 做作业打卡 @罗煜 Louis
? 没让做的不需要预习
四级全程班阅读第五讲
文章类型
微博：罗煜 Louis
微信公众号 & 抖音：罗叔英语
? 前央视、国际广播电台双语主持人、记者
? 15年教学经验，独创《罗煜七彩英语》语块学习
法，国家人事部一级口译，前 大学口笔译专业教
师
? 资深口语、口译、阅读、考研、四六级讲师
? 中国国际广播新闻奖大满贯得主，央广网全国人
气教师
? 武汉大学双学士，英国华威大学和对外经贸双硕
士， GMAT 770分，托福 112分
? 多次和国家考试专家交流经验（ NETS专家组）
罗煜 / Louis
四级阅读
做题流程 【 1】
题目类型 【 2】
错选类型 【 3】
理清逻辑 【 4】
文章类型 【 5】
刻意训练 【 6】
仔细阅读
长篇阅读 【 7】
选词填空 【 8】
刻意训练 【 9】
长篇阅读 & 选词填空
0.1
本课关键
文章类型
（会用到 Passage 9， Passage 8）
今日关键：文章类型
1.2 三大类型文章套路
? 重点先说型
? 重点后说型
? 对比比较型
1.7 套路举例
Passage 1
第 1段：英国少年面临严重的心理
健康问题。
第 2~3段：老师的抱怨，以及产生
这个现象的原因。
第 4~6段：作者提出应对学生心理
健康问题的建议措施 ——学校早
期干预。
结论
↓
原因
↓
建议
Passage 2
第 1~2段：举例子，说明了一个独
特的购物行为。
第 3段：用订阅 《 经济学人 》 的例
子进一步展开这个现象。
第 4~5段：对 “诱饵效应 ”进行科学
解释。
从现象
到解
释，文
章介绍
了 “诱饵
效应 ”。
Passage 4
第 1段：通过一个例子 “无聊
大会 ”引出 “无聊 ”这个话题
第 2~4段：无聊的定义；后
果；无聊的好处
本文介
绍 ____
的一些
好处
第 5段：作者建议大家无聊
一下，可能来创意哦
Passage 3
第 1段：引入 “全球变暖 ”和
“气候变化 ”两个术语
第 2~7段：论述了人们使用
两个术语是出于不同的目的
本文介
绍描述
地球环
境改变
的两个
术语
第 8段：选择任何一个术语
都无法掩饰人类某些活动对
地球的负面影响
Passage 9
关键定位信息
关键
定位
信息
谁干了啥？
（原词或 替换 ）
______、中文、数字、特殊标点
词
词
修饰 修饰结构 [ ]
系表结构和动宾结构
主语以及核心名词
1.8 作业讲评（ Passage 20）
46. What do we learn from the
passage about reverse graffiti?
A) It uses paint to create anti-
pollution images.
B) It creates a lot of trouble for
local residents.
C) It causes lots of distraction to
drivers.
D) It turns dirty walls into artistic
works.
P1. When is cleaning walls a crime? When you’re doing it to
create art, obviously. A number of street artists around the world
have started expressing themselves through a practice known as
reverse graffiti(涂鸦 ). They find dirty surfaces and paint them with
images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses(高压
水管 ). Either way, it’s the same principle: the image is made by
cleaning away the dirt. Each artist has their own individual style but
all artists share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollution in
our cities. The UK’s Paul Curtis, better known as Moose, operates
around Leeds and London and has been commissioned by a
number of companies to make reverse graffiti advertisements.
47. What do reverse graffiti
artists try to do?
A) Publicise their artistic pursuit.
B) Beautify the city
environment.
C) Raise public awareness of
environment pollution.
D) Express their dissatisfaction
with local governments.
P1. When is cleaning walls a crime? When you’re doing it to
create art, obviously. A number of street artists around the world
have started expressing themselves through a practice known as
reverse graffiti(涂鸦 ). They find dirty surfaces and paint them with
images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure
hoses(高压水管 ). Either way, it’s the same principle: the image is
made by cleaning away the dirt. Each artist has their own
individual style but all artists share a common aim: to draw
attention to the pollution in our cities. The UK’s Paul Curtis, better
known as Moose, operates around Leeds and London and has
been commissioned by a number of companies to make reverse
graffiti advertisements.
48. What do we learn about
Brazilian artist Alexandre Orion?
A) He was good at painting white
skulls.
B) He chose tunnels to do his
graffiti art.
C) He suggested banning all
pollution cars.
D) He was fond of doing creative
artworks.
P2. Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of
Sao Paulo’s transport tunnels into an amazing wall
painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt. Made up of a
series of white skulls（ 颅骨 ） the painting reminds
drivers of the effect their pollution is having on the
planet. “Every motorist sits in the comfort of their car,
but they don’t give any consideration to the price their
comfort has for the environment and consequently for
themselves,” says Orion.
49. What does the author
imply about Leeds City
Council’s decision?
A) It is simply absurd.
B) It is well-informed.
C) It is rather unexpected.
D) It is quite sensible.
P3. The anti-pollution message of the reverse graffiti
artists confuses city authorities since the main argument
against graffiti is that it spoils the appearance of both
types of property: public and private. This was what
Leeds City Council said about Moose’s work: “Leeds
residents want to live in clean and attractive
neighborhoods. We view this kind of advertising as
environmental damage and will take strong action
against it.” Moose was ordered to “clean up his act.”
How was he supposed to do this: by making all property
he had cleaned dirty again?
50. How did Sao Paulo city
officials handle Alexandre
Orion’s reverse graffiti?
A) They made him clean all
the tunnels in Sao Paulo.
B) They took drastic action to
ban all reverse graffiti.
C) They charged him with
pollution tunnels in the city.
D) They made it impossible for
him to practice his art.
P4. As for the Brazilian artist’s work, the
authorities were annoyed but could find nothing to
charge him with. They had no other option but to
clean the tunnel-but only the parts Alexandre has
already cleaned. The artist merely continued his
campaign on the other side. They city officials
then decided to take drastic action. They not only
cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao
Paulo.
optimistic 乐观的 enthusiastic 热情的
positive 积极的 admiring羡慕的 praising赞扬的
interesting 有趣的 pleasant 愉快的 supporting 支持的
informative 提供信息 impartial 不偏袒的
impersonal 不带个人感情的 objective 客观的
uninterested 不感兴趣的 critical 批评的 ironic 讽刺的 suspicious 怀疑的
angry 生气的 negative 否定的 worried 担扰的 ridiculous, absurd 荒谬可笑的
depressed 沮丧的 cynical 愤世嫉俗 的 pessimistic 悲观的 disappointed 失望的
bitter 痛苦的 sentimental 感伤的 concerned 关切的 sober 冷静的
感情态度词汇汇总
第 1段：世界很多街头艺术家
通过反向涂鸦来提醒人们注意
城市的污染
第 2~3段： 2个例子：巴西隧道
的涂鸦提醒人们注意污染；利
兹对涂鸦作品的负面评价
本文介
绍
____，
以及当
局荒谬
的抵制
措施 第 4段：再次回到巴西，指出
圣保罗当局针对反向涂鸦采取
的可笑做法
刻意训练（ Passage 8）
3.1 关键定位信息
关键
定位
信息
谁干了啥？
（原词或 替换 ）
______、中文、数字、特殊标点
词
词
修饰 修饰结构 [ ]
系表结构和动宾结构
主语以及核心名词
1. 粗看选项（ 1min）
练习 ：关键词，态度
46. What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?
A. Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.
B. Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.
C. Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.
D. Attempting to meet society’s expectation of appearance.
47. What have researchers found out about people’s earnings?
A. They are closely related to people’s society status.
B. They have to do with people’s body weight and shape.
C. They seem to matter much less to men than to women.
D. They may not be equal to people’s contributions.
48. What does the author’s recent study focus on?
A. Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace.
B. Traits that matter most in one’s pursuit of success in the labor market.
C. Whether self-perception of body image impacts one’s workplace success.
D. How bosses’ perception body image impacts employees’ advancement.
49. What is the finding of the author’s recent research?
A. Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.
B. People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight.
C. Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.
D. Gender inequality continues to frustrate a lot of female employees.
50. What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?
2~3. 细看文章 & 对比作答（ 7-10min）
难度 B2
46. What does the author say may
have an adverse impact on
people?
A. Undergoing plastic surgeries in
pursuit of beauty.
B. Imitating the lifestyles of heroes
and role models.
C. Striving to achieve perfection
regardless of financial cost.
D. Attempting to meet society’s
expectation of appearance.
P1. Americans spend billions of dollars each year
trying to change their weight with diets, gym
memberships and plastic surgery.
P2. Trying to live up to the images of “perfect”
models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety and
depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight
loss or muscle gain. It also has a financial cost. Having
an eating disorder boosts annual health care costs by
nearly US$2,000 per person.
3.3 课上训练（ Passage 8， 18页）
47. What have researchers found
out about people’s earnings?
A. They are closely related to
people’s society status.
B. They have to do with people’s
body weight and shape.
C. They seem to matter much less
to men than to women.
D. They may not be equal to
people’s contributions.
P3. Why is there both external and internal
pressure to look “perfect”? One reason is that
society rewards people who are thin and healthy-
looking. Researchers have shown that body mass
index is related to wages and income. Especially
for women, there is a clear penalty at work for
being overweight or obese. Some studies have
also found an impact for men, though a less
noticeable one.
48. What does the author’s recent
study focus on?
A. Previous literature on indicators of
competitiveness in the workplace.
B. Traits that matter most in one’s
pursuit of success in the labor market.
C. Whether self-perception of body
image impacts one’s workplace
success.
D. How bosses’ perception body
image impacts employees’
advancement.
P4. While the research literature is clear that labor
market success is partly based on how employers and
customers perceive your body image, no one had
explored the other side of the question. Does a person’s
own perception of body image matter to earnings and
other indicators of success in the workplace?
P5. Our recently published study answered this
question by tracking a large national random sample of
Americans over a critical time period when bodies
change from teenage shape into adult form and when
people build their identities.
49. What is the finding of the
author’s recent research?
A. Being overweight actually
does not do much harm to the
overall well-being of employees.
B. People are not adversely
affected in the workplace by false
self-perception of body weight.
C. Self-esteem helps to combat
gender inequality in the
workplace.
P6. As in other research, women in our sample tend to
over-perceive their weight – they think they’re healthier
than they are – while men tend to under-perceive theirs.
P7. We found no relationships between the average
person’s self-perception of weight and labor market
outcomes, although self-perceived weight can influence
self-esteem ( 自尊心 ) ， mental health and health
behaviors.
P8. While the continued gender penalty in the labor
market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight
does not harm workers is more heartening.
50. What does the author think
would help improve the situation in
the labor market?
A. Banning discrimination on the
basis of employees’ body image.
B. Expanding protection of women
against gender discrimination.
C. Helping employees change
their own perception of beauty.
D. Excluding body shape as a
category in the labor contract.
P9. Since employers’ perception of weight is
what matters in the labor market, changing
discrimination laws to include body type as a
category would help. Michigan is the only state
that prohibits discrimination on the basis of
weight and height. We believe expanding such
protections would make the labor market more
fair and efficient.
本题
Takeaway
搞定 混淆是非
正确选项 ：
无关选项 ：
干扰选项 ：
第 1~2段：美国人花好多钱减肥的
例子
第 3~4段：职场里体重和工资相
关，并提出人们对体重的 self-
perception是否影响职业发展
第 5段：近期的研究结果 ——对体
重的错误认知不会对劳动者造成
伤害
介绍
______
对美国
人职业
发展的
影响
第 9段：作者呼吁立法
心动表达 —— 单词和词组
?plastic surgery
?live up to
?boost
?noticeable
?self-perception
?advancement
3.4
?have to do with
?penalty
?heartening
?tend to
?discrimination
?on the basis of
?1. While the research literature is clear that labor market success is
partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body
image, no one had explored the other side of the question.
?虽然研究文献清楚地表明 ， 劳动力市场的成功在一定程度上取决于雇主和
客户如何看待你的身体形象 ， 但还没有人探索过问题的另一面 。
心动表达 —— 长难句
2. We found no relationships between the average person’s self-
perception of weight and labor market outcomes, although self-perceived
weight can influence self-esteem (自尊心 )， mental health and health
behaviors.
?我们发现 ， 尽管体重自我感知可以影响自尊 、 心理健康和健康行为 ， 但普
通人对体重的自我感知与劳动力市场结果之间没有关系 。
第五课 作业
1. 复习今日的两篇文章 Passage 8 & Passage 9
2. 做 Passage 12， 在做题的时候 ， 标注选项为什么对 （ 同
义替换 ） ， 为什么不对 （ 排除佐证 ） 。 并私信微博 @罗
煜 Louis打卡
微博：罗煜 Louis
微信公众号：罗叔英语
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