36. Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states
that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can
produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
【分析】 句子的主干为 Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which 引
导限制性定语从句，修饰 linguistic determinism。在由 which 引导的定语从句中，in its
strongest form 是插入语，谓语动词 states 跟了两个宾语从句：一是 that language imprisons
the mind，一是 and that the grammatical patterns…society。
【词汇】come to 逐渐
state v.阐明
imprisons the mind“禁锢思想 (或思维)”, 注意不能译成“把大脑 (或思
想) 关进牢房”
far reaching 深远的
consequence 影响
【译文】汤姆逐步开始相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思
维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
37. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three
decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special
conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
【分析】本句主语的核心词汇是 The great interest in exceptional children，后面是分词结构作
后置定语 shown in public education over the past three decades，其中 over the past three decades
是时间状语。谓语动词是 indicates, 宾语是 the strong feeling in our society, that 引导分割式同
位语从句解释 the strong feeling，从句中 all citizens 是主语，后面是插入语，谓语部分是
deserve the opportunity to…。
［语法知识拓展］分割式同位语从句指的是先行词和关系词之间还带有其他成分，通常是
介词短语。如何判断是不是分割式，一是看从句的动词形式，比方说 I know many places in
the world that have their own cultures. 从句中动词是 have，显然前面的名词是 places，不是
world。二是根据句意。
【词汇】show great interest in 对…表示强烈的兴趣
deserve the opportunity to 享有…的机会
【译文】在过去的 30 年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的
一种强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的
机会。
38. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their
extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the
confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and
reliable.
【分析】句首是 as 引导的状语从句，其中 move away from 后面接了三个并列的宾语 their
stable community, their friends of many years 和 their extended family relationships，主句是 and
连接的两个句子组合而成的并列句，前面一个句子的主语是 the informal flow of
information，谓语是 is cut off，后面一个句子中，with it 是状语，主语是 the confidence，后
面 that 引导同位语从句。注意：后面分句本身结构是 the confidence that…. is cut off，由于
and 前后并列，句尾的 is cut off 被省略。
【词汇】stable 稳定的
cut off 切断
trustworthy 值得信赖的
reliable 可靠的
【译文】随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非
正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。
39. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional
element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of
family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
【分析】the change 是主语， and 并列两个谓语动词 met 和 prevented，the technical
requirements of the new age 是 met 的宾语，by 引导状语，the decline in efficiency 是
prevented 的宾语，that 引导定语从句。
【词汇】engage 从事；引入或吸引
meet the requirements of the new age 满足新时代的要求
spoil 损坏 [spare the rod, spoil the child.棍棒底下出孝子。]
energetic 充满活力的
【译文】这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求，并且这种
变化防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人的
时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。
40. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month''s stockholders'' meeting, Levin
asserted that "music is not the cause of society''s ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the
Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
【分析】句首是状语，其中 During the discussion of rock singing verses 表示对象，at 表示
地点，last month''s stockholders'' meeting 是具体的地点，主干结构是 Levin asserted
that….and cited his son，that 引导宾语从句，a teacher in the Bronx, New York 是插入语，
也是 his son 的同位语，who 引导定语从句修饰 his son。
【难词】
verse 诗篇，在这里是语境含义
stockholder 股东
assert 宣称
ill 是熟词僻义，表示问题
cite sb.以…为例
【译文】在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说："音乐不是社会问
题的原因"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，并用说
唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。
|
|
