学业考试题型实例及解题技巧近几年,宁波市中考英语试题总体以《课程标准》为指导,题型和难度保持稳中有变的风格,题目灵活度与开放度较高,既注重
语言基础知识的检测,又注重语言的应用与实践。从内容上看,试题强调英语语言综合运用能力的培养,体现英语语言的交际性和实用性,同时也凸
显了英语语言在文化意识、风俗习惯、人文精神方面的传播功能。现结合宁波市中考英语试题来探讨一下如何在复习迎考阶段有效地巩固基础知识,
提升英语语言综合运用的能力。2018年开始,宁波市中考英语迎来新的变化与改革,听力部分从中考英语试卷中剥离,和口语测试共同组成听力
口语自动化测试,听力口语自动化测试(共25分)和书面测试(共95分)分两次举行。?一、听力口语自动化测试复习指南听力口语自动化测试
包括听小对话回答问题(5分)、听较长对话回答问题(5分)、听短文回答问题(5分)、朗读短文(3分)、情景问答(2分)以及话题简述(
5分)六个部分,合计25分。(一)听力解题技巧听力部分总共15分,基本沿袭了原有的考查方式方法。第一部分听小对话回答问题中,共有5
道小题,其实与往年的图片选择题有些类似,只不过是把图片换成了具体的文本形式。一般情况下,小对话2-3句;第二部分听较长对话回答问题
基本没有变化,长对话基本上是6-8句;第三部分听短文回答问题也是之前几年宁波市中考英语试题经常采用的方式,一般会采用110词左右的
文章。涉及的提问方式包括what, where, when, which, who, whose以及how等引导的特殊疑问句,选材
全部来源于生活,涉及的话题主要包括职业、就医、衣着、建议、购物、邀请、请求、允许、道歉、运动、校园生活以及电影等,这些都是日常生活
的真实情境中常讨论的话题。这要求应试者能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图,能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话,并能从中提取信息和观点,能借助语
境克服生词障碍、理解大意,能听懂接近正常语速的基本没有生词的材料,能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。对此同学们应该做到心中有数,在
复习阶段有针对性地采取并改进措施。做听力理解题时,要注意16字秘诀:凝神聚力,沉稳冷静,从容预测,审清题意。具体来说,有以下几大步
骤: ?争取时间,仔细审题。开始答题后,仔细审题,根据题干和选项预测可能出现的录音内容,努力寻求三个选项之间的差别,提高捕捉信息的
准确度。例如,在面对“听小对话回答问题”这类题目时,同学们可以尝试看题干、听关键词进行信息的快速配对。?沉着答题,遇难不慌。听力测
试的时间是预先设定的,通常为12~13分钟。因此,要培养抢记内容的能力,如人名、地名、时间、数字等。特别是对那些一时拿不准、写不出
的词,要学会用音标或缩写词做快速记录,以便在录音结束后为自己创造回忆的条件。另外,如果在听力过程中遇到确实听不懂的,要果断放弃,集
中精力听后面的内容,切不可抓住一点不放,因小失大。例如:例1 第二节:听较长对话,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听
下面一段较长对话,回答第6~7两小题。6.What does the man love to do in summer?A.Go
fishing in the river. B.Read in the sunshine. C.Walk in the cou
ntryside. 7.In which season does the woman often play sports indo
ors?A.Spring. B.Summer. C.Winter. 【听力原文】W: Do you like fish
ing in summer?M: No, I love going out into the countryside for wa
lks. I love being out in the fresh air. How about you?W: I don''t
often go for walks, but I either play sports outside or just sit
in the sunshine and read a book. M: What do you like to do in win
ter?W: Well, I often play sports indoors. If I''m feeling lazy, I
just watch films at home. I prefer summer to winter. M: I think m
ost people do.【解题技巧】 根据选项找相同点+猜测问题+细听关键词。细读题干我们可以发现,考查的是“行为”和“季节”
两个问题。第6题听力原文中出现going out into the countryside for walks,应该能比较容易地帮
助我们选出正确答案C;第7题对话中男的问What do you like to do in winter?女的回答Well, I
often play sports indoors.这样答案C就明朗了。另外,有些时候,题目还可能会出现数字考查题,我们可以在听之
前把数字转化为英语读法;除了抓住听力中出现的数字,还需要考虑计算的问题。?仔细检查,理顺关系。听力结束后,要利用头脑中还保留的短暂
记忆和记录的内容,对那些不太肯定的答案进行推敲和合理想象。相对而言,听力第三部分的短文理解或独白可能会有1~2道有点儿难度的题目,
应该注意以下几点:◆(1)重在意会,不能逐词对译。要特别注意捕捉一篇短文的第一句话或最后一句话,因为它们往往是该短文的主题句。◆(
2)短文后所给的试题一般是紧扣考生所听到的内容并按先后顺序排列的,因此可以根据所听到的有关内容的先后顺序逐一考虑各题,以免理不清头
绪,解答问题时张冠李戴。◆(3)所给出的选项的选择标准往往是看其是否与所听内容吻合。如果仅根据有关语法结构的基础知识就可判定答案的
话,该试题就达不到考查听力理解的目的。◆(4)若听力结束后有些地方当时没听清,切忌胡乱猜测,要依据自己已听到的部分内容和已掌握的知
识和常识,通过分析、推理等找到最接近的答案。◆(5)我们听短文时,一般在听两遍的情况下难以将所有内容全部记下来。因此听力开始前,要
充分利用间隙时间浏览试题书面材料,预测内容。在听的过程中要特别留意并记住有关信息,提高答题的正确率。例如:例2 第三节:听独白,从
题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,完成信息表。11.A.CZ9736 B.CZ7936 C.CZ739612.A.h
eavy rain B.heavy snow C.strong wind13.A.taxi B.car C.bus14.A
.supper and water B.lunch and milkC.breakfast and juice15.A.Ch
ina Southern B.China EasternC.Beijing Capital【听力原文】Ladies and g
entlemen,May I have your attention please? We''re sorry to tell yo
u Flight CZ9736 from Beijing to Ningbo was put off because of the
heavy snow. Will the passengers for this flight please go to Boa
rding Gate 23? Our bus is waiting there and will take you to a ho
tel near the airport. After checking in at the hotel, you can go
to your rooms to have a rest. Then we will provide each of you wi
th a free supper and a bottle of drinking water. You can get them
with your boarding card. When the weather gets better for the pl
ane to take off, we will tell you as soon as possible. And buses
from the airport will pick you up. For more information, please c
all China Southern Airlines at 95539. That''s all. Thank you. 【解题技
巧】 上述一篇听力为一则独白,通过听独白完成表格,涉及号码、原因、交通、事物名称等考查点,基本都是细节题目,难度不大。这种形式的听
力题目相对于短文来说要简单一些,但也更容易出错,需要我们谨慎审题,听前要预测充分,听中注意力要高度集中,听后要及时地整体理解与检查
。总体来说,这一部分的解题技巧具体可以尝试以下几点。三部曲: 听前浏览,预测内容+第一遍宏观理解;听懂大意+第二遍关注细节;作出准
确回答。根据听力内容,上述11~15题的答案: ABCAA。另外,听力第三部分也可能出现“听短文,回答问题”的形式。例如:例3 第
三节:听短文,回答问题。11.How many ways are mentioned to make people look be
tter?A.Three. B.Five. C.Seven. 12.What will you do if you want
to look taller and thinner?A.Walk slowly. B.Eat less.C.Sit an
d stand up straight.13.What can you do to make people be around y
ou?A.Smile. B.Exercise often.C.Wash hair often.14.How will y
ou have nice-looking skin?A.By sitting straight.B.By cutting hair
often.C.By drinking water.15.In which program can you probably h
ear the article?A.A beauty program. B.A sports program.C.A music
program.【听力原文】Many people think it''s quite difficult to improve t
heir looks. In fact, it may be easier than you think. Here are 5
easy ways you can look better.●Sit and stand up straight. You wil
l look taller and thinner.●Smile. You will look nicer and friendl
ier, and people will want to be around you.●Cut your hair often.
Your hairdresser can help you find a good style for the shape of
your face.●Drink water. Water keeps people healthy. You will have
nice-looking skin, and you will feel better, too.●Exercise often
. Sports make people energetic. You will feel good and keep fit.【
解题技巧】 这种类型的听力题目将取代填表式的对话或独白。解题技巧与例2相同,可以运用解题三部曲来解题。往年比较喜欢采用小笑话,通常
有1~2道题需要我们理解笑话的真正内涵才能得出准确答案。审题之后,通过听前预测,我们可以得知11小题需要关注数字,听力原文中比较直
白地告知了我们答案,12~14三小题属于一类题目,也不难得出答案,15小题则属于概括归纳类题目,在前面的基础上,得出正确答案也并非
难事。11~15题答案:BCACA。(二)口语答题技巧口语测试作为一种新的考查形式,大家都经历了从陌生到逐渐熟悉的过程。口语部分包
括朗读短文、情景问答以及话题简述三个部分。?朗读短文:目的是测试考生对语音、句子重音、连读、不完全爆破、意群和停顿、升降调的把握及
流畅程度。要求考生能比较流利、连贯地朗读一篇所学课文或难度略低于所学语言材料的原文。大家不妨来试试看吧:例4 第四部分 朗读短文(
计3分)你将有1分钟的时间熟悉屏幕上的短文。在听到开始录音的提示后,请将短文朗读一遍,时间为1分半钟。读完之后,请等待“嘀”的信号
,进入测试的第五部分。Welcome to my cousin Sandy''s room! It''s small but tidy
. Her books and tape player are in the bookcase. Her pencil-box i
s in the bookcase, too. Look! A baseball is on the chair, but it''
s not Sandy''s. It''s her brother Sam''s. Sandy has a computer on he
r desk. Next to the computer is a photo. We can see two girls in
it. They are Sandy''s good friends, Mary and Ann. Sandy likes spor
ts. She plays volleyball with her friends at school. She likes so
ccer, too, but she only watches it on TV. 大家可以参照以下评分标准来给自己打个分:一档(
3分):能完整清晰地朗读短文,语音、语调正确,朗读自然流利,语速适中,有节奏感。二档(2分):能正确读出大多数句子,语音、语调基本
正确,虽有少量错误,但朗读还比较自然流利。三档(1分):只能读出部分句子和词汇,语音、语调不够正确,朗读不够连贯,错误较多。四档(
0分):朗读有困难,不连贯,错误很多,影响意思表达。?情景问答:目的是测试考生对日常交际用语的掌握情况,要求考生能根据所给情景提示
用英语回答问题。例5 第五部分 情景问答(计2分)你有10秒钟的时间阅读屏幕上的情景提示。之后,你将听到两个问题,请根据情景提示的
内容用英语进行回答。注意,每个问题问两遍,每题的答题时间为15秒钟。回答完毕后,请等待“嘀”的信号,进入测试的第六部分。请看下面的
情景提示:上周六是阴天,我和同学们一起去游泳了,虽累但很高兴。问题录音文字:1.How was the weather last
Saturday?2.How did you feel after swimming?【参考答案】 1.It was cloudy
./Cloudy.2.I was tired but very happy./Tired, but very happy.情景问答
的关键,首先要读懂情景,其次就是要听懂没有出现在屏幕上的两个问题。记分以小题为单位,每小题一般按照两个档次给分。一档(1分):意思
明白,表达清楚,语音、语调正确,词语、语法合乎规范。二档(0分):答非所问,或错误很多,不能达意。?话题简述:目的是测试考生按题目
要求和要点连续说话的能力,要求考生能按题目和提示要点连续说一段话,清楚地表达主要意思,不少于7句话。例6 第六部分 话题简述(计5
分)你有2分钟的时间阅读屏幕上的要点提示,并作答题准备。在听到开始录音的提示后,请用英语进行话题表述,你的表述应不少于7句话,时间
为1分半钟。要点:1.昨天是星期天,Jim不用上学,他帮父亲在农场干活;2.首先,他给鸡喂食,所有的小鸡都向他奔跑过来;然后他挤了
牛奶,所有的奶牛都喜欢他,因为他对奶牛很友善;3.Jim的父亲很开心,因为Jim帮他干了活。【参考答案】 It was Sunda
y yesterday, so Jim didn''t have to go to school. He helped his fa
ther on the farm. First, he fed the chickens. All the chickens ra
n to him for food. Then he milked the cows. All the cows liked hi
m because he was friendly to them. Jim''s father was very happy be
cause Jim helped him on the farm. 话题简述要求又要高一些,对于读题能力也有较高的要求,上述的例子
大家尝试得如何?不妨用下面这个标准来给自己做一个评判吧:一档(5分):能完整准确地表达内容要点,语音、语调正确,讲述连贯,表达清楚
,不少于7句话。二档(3-4分):能表述出大多数内容要点,语音、语调基本正确,讲述比较连贯,表达比较清楚,但有一些错误。三档(2分
):只能说出少数内容要点,语音、语调有明显问题,讲述不够连贯,错误较多,影响意思表达。四档(0-1分):内容要点表述很困难,语音、
语调差,错误很多;或只能说出一些与内容有关的单词。总而言之,对于口语测试,总复习阶段更多的是熟悉考试的形式、流程、范围以及评分标准
等细节问题,更多的准备工作其实还是需要通过三年扎扎实实的努力。?二、完形填空解题技巧完形填空为一篇短文,共15小题,它侧重考查学生
对语篇的理解,考查句子与句子之间甚至段落之间的关系,考查学生对通篇文章内容进行逻辑分析、推理判断的能力。例如:例7 一、完形填空(
本题有15小题,每小题1分,共计15分)阅读下面短文,掌握大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Charlie Cha
plin''s parents separated a year after his birth in 1889. He lived
with his mother and elder brother in a flat in London.Mrs. Chapl
in managed to 1 her children on her own with the money she made
as a singer. 2 , their economic(经济的) situation changed when she
became ill with laryngitis(喉炎) in 1894. Instead of resting her
3 until it got better, Mrs. Chaplin kept on singing. Her voice g
ot weaker and weaker and she began to find it 4 to find well-pa
id work.?One evening Charlie happened to be in the theatre 5 hi
s mother singing on stage. Suddenly, her voice 6 . She tried to
finish the song, but the audience(观众) began to whistle and got an
gry. Mrs. Chaplin could not continue any longer and walked 7 th
e stage crying.?The stage manager knew he had to do something qui
ckly to 8 the embarrassing situation. He remembered Charlie onc
e sang at a party. He 9 took Charlie by the hand to the stage.
After a brief introduction, he left Charlie to please the audienc
e.?Charlie began to sing and dance in front of hundreds of people
. The audience enjoyed the 10 very much and began to throw mone
y. 11 Charlie saw this, he immediately stopped singing and anno
unced to the audience that first he would 12 the money and then
he would finish the song. The audience found this announcement e
specially 13 and started to throw even more money onto the stag
e.?Charlie felt perfectly at home on stage. He did not feel 14
at all and danced and sang more songs to the audience. To his ama
zement, there was more 15 and more money throwing.?That night w
as Charlie''s first public performance on the stage and his mother
''s last.1.A.support B.leave C.ask D.face2.A.Though B.S
o C.However D.Besides3.A.sight B.voice C.smell D.hearin
g4.A.easy B.difficult C.interesting D.boring5.A.feeling B.k
eeping C.realizing D.watching6.A.rested B.dropped C.broke
D.raised7.A.onto B.off C.towards D.around8.A.create B.sa
ve C.continue D.explain9.A.slowly B.patiently C.quickly
D.coldly10.A.thought B.description C.speech D.performance11
.A.If B.Till C.When D.Before12.A.take out B.throw away
C.put down D.pick up13.A.funny B.lucky C.helpful D.painfu
l14.A.shy B.sad C.satisfied D.excited15.A.trouble B.ange
r C.silence D.laughter【解题技巧】 通读全文,掌握大意+精读试填+复读核定+再读全文,局部调整。具体解
题步骤如下: (一)通读全文,掌握大意。由于完形填空是一整篇的文章,因此千万不要看一个空选一个空。在答题之前要快速地将文章通读一遍
,了解文章的大意。完形填空的第一句一般是不留空的,而且第一句话很关键,它往往是文章的主题句,所以我们要加以重视。另外,在快速阅读时
应抓住文章的关键句,比如文章的第一句、段落的第一句或最后一句等。它们往往是全文或全段的主题句,通过它们我们可以知道文章的体裁、大意
、时间、人物、事件等。例如2019年宁波市中考英语试题的完形填空跟往年的哲理美文有点不同,改为对外国名人轶事的介绍,但是文章继续秉
承了以往叙事的风格。文章讲述了查理·卓别林通过滑稽有趣的表演,帮助母亲解围,从而阴差阳错地登上舞台的故事。通过故事,我们了解到,查
理·卓别林并非生来就成功伟大,除了拥有极好的表演天赋,他的成功也离不开在困境中善于抓住机遇的能力。故事浅显易懂,选项之间没有过多的
干扰,但是得高分也是不容易的,要注意上下文的提示与线索。(二)精读试填。依据文章的主干及上下文的关系,运用所学的词汇和语法知识,扫
清部分词汇理解上的障碍。另外,加上初读的印象和正确的英语语感,运用前面介绍的解题方法,初步确定答案,这是解题的重要步骤,要细心分析
,严密论证。在解题过程中,不少考生只看有空白的部分,这种离开上下文,单独地看一个句子所得出的答案貌似是正确的,但结合整篇文章内容来
看,可能是错误的。因此考生要前后兼顾、上下统筹,才能最终得出正确答案。(三)复读核定。当第二步完成以后,应该将短文重新再读一遍,并
要多方位地检查所选的答案,看看将所选答案填入原文后,文章是否连贯。在这一环节里,要特别注意平时易错的地方,并对名词的单复数、动词的
时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较等级、代词的用法等加以注意,以避免出现因疏忽而丢分的现象。(四)再读全文,局部调整。答案确定以后,我
们最后再将全文读一遍,这时我们要着眼于全篇。对在阅读中发现的个别问题要进行局部调整,在更换答案时既要遵循语法规则,又要兼顾全篇。这
几年,完形填空题在选材上越来越多样化,并且越来越具有实效性,这就要求我们不仅只是阅读课本,还要通过报刊、电视、广播、互联网等方式不
断拓宽知识面,并始终坚持阅读和写作练习,提高自身的素质。【参考答案】 1—5 ACBBD 6—10 CBBCD 11—15 CDA
AD?三、阅读理解解题技巧2019年宁波市初中英语中考试题阅读理解(四篇,共15小题)及任务型阅读(5小题),阅读材料选材广泛,体
裁多样,语言地道,文字优美流畅,语篇多来自英语国家的原版材料,不死扣教材知识点的全面考查。试题注重能力考查,需要学生通读语篇,充分
运用上下文进行分析、判断、推理、概括、预测等。在四篇阅读理解试题的编排中,除了考查对文本细节的理解之外,2019年更多的是从文章主
旨大意、理解指代、词义猜测、逻辑推理、写作意图、文本基调等方面来考查学生对文本整体的深度解读能力,题目设计巧妙。这种关注高阶思维能
力的题目编制,实现了从对文本表层理解的考查向阅读技能、策略的考查的转变,努力实现思维品质的有效检测。例如:阅读理解A篇诗歌欣赏,主
要讲述了忙碌城市里人们的生活,全诗共8个诗节,第1和8诗节的开篇和结尾遥相呼应,中间的6个诗节描述了不同场景下城市中人们不同的状态
,生活化的场景,形象而生动,有利于考生理解。文本及题目如例8:例8Sing a Song of Peopleby Lois Len
skiSing a song of peopleWalking fast or slow;People in the cityUp
and down they go.5 People on the sidewalk,People on the bus;Peop
le passing, passing,In back and front of us.?People on the subway
10 Underneath the ground.People riding taxisRound and round and r
ound.?People with their hats on,Going in the doors;15 People with
umbrellasWhen it rains and pours.?People in tall buildingsAnd in
stores below;Riding elevators20 Up and down they go.?People walk
ing singly,People in a crowd;People saying nothing,People talking
loud.25 People laughing, smiling,Grumpy people too;People who ju
st hurryAnd never look at you!?Sing a song of people30 Who like t
o come and go;Sing of city peopleYou see but never ▲ !?16.The po
em is about a city.?A.beautiful B.busy C.rainy D.s
mall17.In Line 21, the word “singly” means .?A.alone B.fast
C.slowly D.quietly18.According to the poem, the best word for
the blank is .?A.borrow B.throw C.know D.allow【参考答案】 B
AC上述试题不仅考查了对于诗歌内容的理解,如16、17小题,也考查了对于诗歌知识的了解,如18小题在考查诗歌意义的同时,也考查了诗
歌的押韵的特点。另外,试题命制充分体现生活性和时代性,话题贴近当前的社会生活实际。B篇阅读谈了人生幸福的源泉是让别人幸福,D篇阅读
的大数据时代以及任务型阅读的健身锻炼,都传递着一种生活的正能量,考试即学习,让我们在学习知识的同时学习做人。例如阅读理解B篇22小
题:例9Many people might think that if they had more money, then the
y would be happier in life. For example, people might look at wha
t others have, like expensive clothes or nice cars, and wish they
could have the same. But the things that money can buy cannot br
ing happiness to a person for long. ① But is that really true? S
tudies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier.
② Instead, it''s giving money to others that makes people happy.
③ It could be buying a present for a friend or a family member.
④ It could be buying a homeless person food to eat. It could b
e giving money to a person in need. Just think about the last tim
e you used your own money to do something for someone else. How d
id you feel? Whether it is a small or large amount of money, peop
le feel happier when they give. This is because making someone el
se happy makes the giver happy, too.?This idea of connecting your
happiness to the happiness of others is described as ubuntu in a
n African language. There is even a story about a man visiting Af
rica who asked some kids to race to a nearby tree. The first chil
d to touch the tree would get a sweet treat. Surprisingly, all th
e children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree
at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. The chil
dren simply said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyo
ne had one.22.What does the writer try to tell us?A.Buying new th
ings can make people happy.B.The key to happiness is making other
s happy.C.If you want to be happy, you can visit Africa.D.People
who have a lot of money might not be happy.【参考答案】 B再比如任务型阅读关于burp
ee姿势的介绍,简单、经济而实用。阅读下面材料,将图片所示步骤(A-D)与第31—34小题相应的文字匹配,并完成第35小题。Som
e experts believe that burpee(立卧撑) is the best exercise in the wo
rld because this exercise is one that anyone can do very easily a
nd extremely cheaply.How to perform the basic burpee correctly:31
. Keep your back straight, squat(下蹲) down and place your hand
s on the floor.?32. Begin in a standing position with your ba
ck straight and your arms at your sides.?33. Bring your feet
back to the squat position by placing your hands on the floor. Th
en jump straight up as high as you can after the squat position,
holding your arms up directly over your head.?34. Move your f
eet back behind you, so that you move from a squat position to a
full-length leg extension. Keep both arms and legs straight and s
trong.?35.As a form of exercise, the burpee is .?A.difficult
and boringB.useful but difficultC.simple and inexpensiveD.simple
but expensive【参考答案】 BADCC除此之外,阅读题目的编制,还较为关注主旨大意、逻辑推理、写作意图、文本基调等能力
的考查。比如:25.According to the passage, the real purpose of the two c
ountries was .?A.to own an island B.to kill a pigC.to get
more money D.to start a war26.Which of the following might b
e the best title for the passage?A.The Pig Island B.The Pig
WarC.The Pig on the Island D.The Island War29.The main idea o
f Paragraph 3 is .?A.big data can be used for good reasonsB.w
e can use big data in a number of waysC.big data can be used for
both good and bad reasons D.we can use big data to prevent babies
from getting sick30.The overall tone(总基调) of this reading is
.?A.sad and personalB.personal and scientificC.informative but s
illyD.scientific and informative【参考答案】 25—26 AB 29—30 CD不管是哪种形式的阅
读文章,如果能掌握阅读理解题的解题技巧,那么会对正确理解文章事实有很大的帮助。我们可以尝试掌握以下技巧: (一)审视标题,抓住中心
。试题中的文章有的有标题,有的没有,拟题人是有所考虑的,画龙点睛,龙就活了。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚,它能给我们启发和想象,想象文
章的内容和走向。给出标题有利于我们对文章的理解,提高我们做题的效率。 (二)浏览全文,掌握全貌。如果时间紧,至少要快速通读全文,尤
其是前两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来,这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。 (三)细读题目,抓住要点。细读文后的题目的目的在于审视这些题
目是针对什么提出的。若文章短可先读短文,后看文后题目;若文章长,为了能迅速抓住要点,可以颠倒过来,先浏览题目,然后再读文章,这样就
可以带着问题去读文章,加深对要点的理解。(四)细读文章,掌握细节。这次应细读,不可一晃而过;可边读边用铅笔做些标记,把有关的人物、
事件、时间、地点、起因(即五个W: who, what, when, where, why)画出来。 经过这样的处理,对文章的内容
和细节便会胸有成竹,对事态的发生、发展和解决有更加深入的了解。(五)理解大意,初选答案。一般短文都设有五个题目,对那些表层理解的题
目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目,应再查阅原文,但绝不是简单重读,应找出依据,把所选答案代入文中,再确定正误。在选择答案时,对
文章和选择题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思,切忌望文生义而做出错误的判断。 (六)复读全文,核对答案。要用全文的主题思想统率各
题,研究其内在的联系和逻辑关系,并依次审核那些未解答的题,对照题目,推测判断,确保理解无误。(七)瞻前顾后,首尾突破。对具体问题不
要局限于一词一事,而应从短文整体考虑,从主线向外扩展,打开思路,前后上下对照。这样,可减少“钻牛角尖”和“繁琐分析”,而且,在中考
试题中,即使是事实和细节题,也是围绕或用以说明主旨大意的。大多数短文,尤其是新闻报道或议论文的第一段,或每段的第一句,常包含了全文
的主要信息或基本观点,而结尾部分常是结局或结论。寓言或幽默文章的结尾也往往是点睛之笔或值得玩味之处。因此,抓住首尾往往抓住了主要矛
盾,主要矛盾解决了,次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。?四、词汇运用解题技巧词汇运用部分旨在考查学生在语境中运用词汇的能力。本题分两部分,具
体如下:A.根据下列句子及所给汉语注释,写出空缺处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。B.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,每词仅用一次(
每空一词)。B部分除了沿用近几年的对话形式之外,2020年起采用短文形式。A和B部分要求拼写的单词都是《课程标准》要求的单词,分布
上覆盖三个年级教材,单词涉及各种词类,以九年级词汇为主,并将有一半左右的单词需要进行词形变化。根据中文意思我们不难选择合适的词汇。
在通读全文的基础上,只要我们掌握一定的词汇运用解题技巧,就一定能确保得到较好的分数,具体技巧如下:(一)通读全篇全句,确定意思。通
读全句,根据前后内容判断该句在整篇文章中的意思,确保所填单词在逻辑意义上与整个句子以及全文一致。(二)根据成分或结构,判断词性。(
三)上下兼顾,判断单复数形式。(四)全面考虑,不忘大小写。句首的单词首字母必须大写,专有名词首字母必须大写。?五、语法填空解题技巧
2015年开始,宁波市初中英语中考题型最大的变化就是取消单项选择,增加语法填空。例10 五、语法填空(本题有10小题,每小题1分,
共计10分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。An old man went to Indi
a. When he got there, he saw some fruit for sale, but most of it
was very cheap. The 51. (cheap) thing was a basket of red fru
it.?“How much per kilo?” the old man 52. (ask). ?“Two rupees(
卢比),” the shopkeeper answered. Two rupees in India is almost noth
ing, 53. the old man bought a whole kilogram and started eati
ng it.?However, as soon as he started eating, his mouth began 54.
(burn), his eyes began to water, and his whole face became a
s red 55. the fruit. As he coughed and struggled to breathe,
he jumped up and 56. , screaming:“Ah! Ah! Ah!”?And yet he cont
inued to eat the fruit. Some people who were looking at him shook
their 57. (head) and said,“You are crazy! Those are chili pe
ppers(辣椒)! You can''t just eat them by the handful!”?The old man s
aid to 58. (he), “I paid for them, so I must eat them.”?This
old man seemed pretty stupid. But are we so much smarter? All of
us have 59. (spend) money and time on something—maybe a relat
ionship, or a business, or a job—and sometimes, even if we know t
here''s no hope that things will change, we still continue with it
.?What we can learn 60. the old man is this: if you''ve lost a
lot over something that doesn''t work, let it go and move on. It''
s better than continuing to lose.?【解题技巧】 以上题目总共10个空格,6个空格处提供了提示词,
其余4个没有提示词。该类题型的考查点主要包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合
句、强调句、感叹句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句、定语从句的连接词和it的用法等。具有一定的难度与挑战度,除了运用前面提到的词汇解题
的策略外,我们还可以尝试以下方法:(一)详读题干,找准提示词。在对题目进行作答之前,要先对题干进行仔细阅读,检查题目中是否有提示词
存在。(二)判断句子成分。判断所填词在句子中所充当的句子成分,例如,主语、谓语等;然后根据其所充当的句子成分,加之其所处句子的语态
等,选择词语的正确形式,例如,动词的现在分词或者过去分词,形容词的比较级或者最高级的使用等。(三)判断词性。在句子中没有提示词或者
标志词存在时,考生要根据句子中所填词的位置,判断所填词的词性,例如,连接词、定冠词、不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的
位置通常在名词之前,起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词则分为形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、指示代词和不定代词等。在运用介词的时候
,往往考查介词的固定搭配,其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大,考查范围相对较广,考生失分现象较为严
重,但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和命题规律,掌握答题的技巧,在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习,熟练语法的运用,及时
总结经验,加强在语篇情境下的语法应用能力,在考试中就能提高语法填空题的准确率,取得较为理想的成绩。【参考答案】 51.cheape
st 52.asked 53.so54.to burn/burning 55.as 56.down57.heads 58.hims
elf 59.spent 60.from?六、书面表达解题技巧通俗地讲,书面表达就是我们所谓的“写作”。从写作类型看,初中阶段的写
作包括应用性写作、人物描述、记叙文写作。学生需要能介绍操作说明,叙述事件发生的过程,完成简单的人物介绍。初中阶段并不要求学生掌握说
明文和议论文等类型文章的写作。中考英语书面表达的评分标准,具体如下:（续表）（续表）（续表）那么,我们如何才能写好书面表达呢?要写
出一篇好文章不是一朝一夕的功夫就可以的,也不是“临时抱佛脚”所能达到的,要具备扎实的语言基础,总体来说可以概括为12个字:由浅入深
,由简到繁,由易到难。下面我们以2019年宁波市中考英语书面表达为例,来谈谈书面表达的解题技巧。注意:(1)短文必须包括你所选择话
题的所有要点,并适当拓展;(2)文中不得出现真实的人名和校名;(3)词数:80—100。书信格式已给出;(4)首句供参考:Look
ing back on the past three years, I''d like to say…Dear ,?
?
?
?
?
?Yours,Li Hua【解题技巧】 (一)认真审题,明确要求。201
9年的主观试题依然突出两个关键词:选择性和开放性。20分的书面表达题为回顾三年初中生活中难忘的人或事,在临近毕业之际用英语给某人写
一封表达谢意或歉意的信,信的格式、表达谢意或歉意的部分词汇已给出。两个写作任务都具有真实的语用目的,符合同学们的生活实际,有选择性
地进行写作,有利于同学们表达真实的观点。题目提供了一定的写作框架,指向明确,任务清晰,清除了审题障碍,让同学们能专注于写作策略的运
用和写作任务的完成,也降低了写作难度。但同时,没有完全限定具体内容,又为写作水平高的同学留出发挥的空间。这样的适度开放,既体现以人
为本,尊重学生的个性差异,又让书面表达回归到了交流和表达的实用功能。(二)关注提示,明确人称。要关注给出的开头与提示,根据试题要求
确定采用第几人称,切忌盲目动笔。从本题中我们可以明确地看出,题目要求学生从所提供的话题中选择一个,以李华的身份写一封感谢信或道歉信
,因此我们只能采用第一人称来表达。另外,信件的格式已经给出,首句供参考,所以可以选择使用也可以弃用。如果选用,则需要将参考首句抄写
下来;如果弃用,则需要另行拟好开头。另外,根据题目要求,我们也可以确定对于三年生活的回忆,是对过去生活的描述,可采用一般过去时态,
另外也可以结合实际考虑现在完成时态、过去进行时态的运用。根据题干及提示,我们可以将图表中的要点用基本句式罗列出来。例如:I was not good at English.You encouraged me to…I have made great progress…I argued with…We didn''t talk to each other…I''ve been regretting…(三)适度替代,多样表达。以上句子把所给的提示词转换成了句子,单一地去看,以上的任何一个句子都不存在语法性的错误或者不完美的地方,我们还需要把所有的句子叠加到一起,如果整体比较呆板,连接也并不是很完美,那么就需要我们通过不同的方式替代原先的单一方式。(四)有效连接,行文连贯。第四步我们需要做的不仅仅是把这些经过修改的句子叠加到一起,还需要注意行文的连贯性,可以在原来的基础上对文章进行修饰。通读一遍后,对于一些不够完美或者显得多余的地方再进行修改,一篇条理清楚、行文连贯的书面表达就完成了。【参考答案】Possible version 1:Dear Alice,Looking back on the past three years, I''d like to say thanks to you for helping me with my English.When I was in Grade 7, I was not good at English. I just hid behind my textbook and never said anything in class. Once I did very badly in an English test, and I lost heart. However, you had a patient talk with me and encouraged me to be more active in class.Since then, I have worked harder and made great progress. I feel lucky to be your student.Thank you again. Wish you good luck.Yours,Li Hua(100 words)Possible version 2:Dear Alan,Looking back on the past three years, I''d like to say sorry to you for arguing with you.When we were in Grade 8, we lost the chance to get the first prize in the football match. I never stopped complaining to you that it was you who missed the goal. But you shouted back that you were not the only reason. You walked off angrily. From then on, we didn''t talk to each other.I have been regretting doing so. Soon we will graduate from our school. Let''s forget about the past and become good friends again.Yours,Li Hua(99 words) |
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