不定代词 | 代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的。普通some、any;many、much;each、every;few、(a)little;either、neither;both、all;none、no one;one、ones;other、theother、another;theother、the others |
| 复合nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something, everybody, every one, everyting, anybody, anyone, anything |
| 1.some和any:①都是“一些”,都可以修饰可数、不可数名词;作主、宾、定语。some用于肯定句,表示“一些、某些、某个”,any用在否定、疑问、条件状语从句中 表示:一些、任何 |
| I have some questions to ask肯定句 I don't have any questions to ask否定 Do you have any questions to ask 疑问 You can talk to me if you have any problems条件 |
| ②some也可用于委婉语气的疑问句。在表示请求、邀请、征求、建议的疑问句中,或者希望得到对方肯定回答时,多用some,而不是any。Would you like some tea?【请求】 What about some coffee?喝杯咖啡怎么样【建议】 |
| ③any表“任何一个(一些)”时,起强调作用,可用肯定句。You can come here with any friend你可以和任何朋友一起来 Any students can answer this question任何同学都可以回答这个问题 |
作主语:Some like sports,others likes music有些人喜欢运动,有些人喜欢音乐 作宾语:do you have any good friends? Yes,I have some宾语 |
作定语:修饰可数和不可数名词 You may come to ask questions at any time,I'll be here你任何时间都可以来问问题,我都在 Any student can solve this proplem任何学生都能解决这个问题 |
| “not any-”和no- 均表示全否定。He listened, but heard nothing=He listened, but didn’t hear anything.他听了听,但什么也没听到 |
| 2.each和every、one①each指2或2个以上人或物中的一个,强调个人或事物:每个、各个意思,是单个概念;作主、定、同位语 Each主 of us has strong and weak points Each定 pupil has a pencil-box each可用于两者、3者或3者以上 |
| every 3或3者以上人或物中的一个“每一个”。强调整体共同性:每个都,只作定语 作主语用单数Every定 one has strong and weak points每个人都有优点和缺点There are many flowers on each(every) side of the square操场四边有许多花 |
| one“一个、某个” one+名词 作主、宾语 所有格one's 复数是ones,反身代词oneself; one放adj和this that后可替代上文提过的名词 on one hand…on the other hand一方面…另一方面 |
| ②each+名词 each+of+名词/代词 every没有 They are very busy.Each of them has something to do他们非常忙,每个人都有事做。 |
| ③not+every或every- 连用,表示部分否定,意为“并非都,不都”;但each不行 Not every book is worth reading并不是每本书都值得读 Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利 |
| ④“每隔… 或 每… ”,用every+基数词+可数名词复数 We hand in our homework every three days我们每隔两天(每三天)交一次作业 ****all、each、every:从强调重点上看:all强调整体地考虑总体,every 强调考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近),each则强调逐个逐个地考虑总体; 从用法上看:all和each既可单独使用,也可后接名词,还可后接of短语; 而every后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接 of短语; 指两者(如both, either, neither),指三者(如all, any, none, every),具体使用时要根据一定的上下文正确选用。 如:Were they all college students? 他们都是大学生吗? |
| 3.many和much 都表示“许多”,many修饰或代替可数,much修饰或代替不可数,作主、宾、定、状语 I have many books(可数) I have much money(不可数) I don't have many宾语 |
| 4.few和a few、little和a little ①few、a few修可数;little、a little修不可数 ②few、little几乎没有,强调少,表否定 a few、a little有一点、有一些,虽少但还有,强调有,肯定 a little肯定,还有一点;little带否定,只剩一点儿了 |
| She is very shy,and she has few friends她很腼腆,几乎没什么朋友 She has a few books about stars她有几本关于星星的书 There is still a little left还剩一点点 |
| He is very poor,and he has little money他很穷,几乎没有什么钱 Don't worry.There is still a little time left别着急,还有点时间呢 |
| 5.either、neither、both、all、none【neither做主语,谓语用单数;both作主语,谓语用复数】I don't believe either宾 of you我不信你俩任何一人(2都不信)Either主 of them will agree to the arrangement他们两个都会同意这样的安排 |
either表:两者中的任何一个,做主、宾、定 Here are two dictionaries,you may use either宾 of them你用哪本都行 There are many trees on either定 side of the street街道两边都有很多的树 |
neither两者都不,either的否定,作主、宾、定 Neither主 of them learns Russian,Both主 of them learn German Neither定 film is interesting两部电影都没意思 XQ called neither of us yesterday没给我俩打 |
all三者以上:全部、所有、一切。作主、宾、表、定、同位语或状语,表人时all作主语,谓语用复数;事物时“一切”视为单数 All主 are here大家都到了 All主 is quiet on the street街上一切都很安静 |
They all同位语 agree to carry out the plan他们都同意执行这个计划 That's all表 I can do那是我能做的全部 That's all状语 wrong全是错的 All定 knowledge comes from practice |
both两者都。做主、宾、定、同位语 Both主 of them are fond of fishing他们俩都喜欢钓鱼 These two novels are very interesting,I want both宾 of them我两个都想要 |
Both定 brothers didn't go there兄弟俩都不同意去那儿 Last Sunday I met XQ and XH both同位语 in the cinema上周日在电影院我遇见了小强和小花他们俩 |
****neither2者都不,both的否定; none是3者以上都不,是all的否定not+both not+all有部分否定的意思;全部否定用Neither of them 和none of them |
Not all of the books are mine这些数不全是我的Not both of them like playing basketball他们兄弟俩不全都喜欢打篮球 |
| ①either/neither/both/all/none+of+可数名词复数/代词复数 either/neither+of+可数名词复数/代词复数 作主语,谓语用单数 Neither of us speaks French我们俩都不会说英语 |
| both/all+of+ 可数名词复数/代词复数 作主语,谓语用复数 Both of the two girls are clever这俩女孩都聪明 |
| none+of+ 可数名词复数/代词复数 作主语,谓语用单数或以都可以 None of the students has/have a cell phone |
| ②both…and...固定搭配:和…都, 此结构做主语时,谓语用复数 Both Angela and Anna are good students安杰拉和安娜都是好学生 |
| ③either…or..固定搭配:或者…或者,此结构做主语时,谓语就近原则 Either you or she is right不是你对,就是她对 Either she or you are right |
| either译为“也”,用在否定句中,放句末,前面“,”隔开They didn't go to the park yesterday,I didn't go there,either昨天他们没去公园,我也没去 |
| ④neither..nor固定搭配:既不..也不..此结构作主语,谓语动词符合就近原则。Neither you nor I am good at math我们两个都不擅长数学 |
| 6.other、others、the other、the others、another。 作主语、定语【other books其它的书;another cup of tea再来一杯】、宾语 |
| Other adj.其它的、别的、另外的,形容词不能单独用。修饰名词 other+可数名词的复数I want some other books other people=others other books=others, She has two sons,One is teacher,the other is an engineer |
| others其它的人或其它的什么东西,泛指别的人或物,后不接名词单独用=other+可数名词复数 Some of us like singing,others like dancing我们当中一些人喜欢唱歌,其他人 XQ enjoys helping others(other people) |
| the other 2者中的另一个one…the other She has two sisters,one is a teacher,the other is a worker,另一个You have seen one of the two picture,Now I'll show you the other宾 |
| the others剩余的人或东西,特指某一范围内其余的人或物,the others后不接名词,单独用=the other+可数名词复数 Where are the others?其它的学生在哪Many students are in the classroom,some are talking,and the others are sleeping |
| another3或3者以上的另一个,another+可数名词单/(基数词+可数名词复数) I don't like this one,please show me another one给我看另一件 I don't like this T-shirt,please give me another |
| 7.one和ones①one代替上文的一个人或事物,ones代替上文的多个人或事物;两者前面都可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等 I don't like green one/ones我不喜欢绿色的这个/这些 |
| Which bag do you like,this one or that one?你虚幻那个包,这个还是那个 There are two bags,which one do you like有2个包包,你喜欢哪一个 |
| 8.no、 none、 no one no表:没有。作定语,修饰可数和不可数名词 no+名词/动名词 There is no定 milk and no定 eggs for breakfast早饭没鸡蛋和奶 XQ has no定 brother小强没兄弟 |
| none代替可数和不可数名词,表示没有人或没有什么东西,作主、宾。代替可数名词作主语,谓语可单可复;代替不可数名词作主语,谓语用单数 I know none宾 of them None主 of the stories is(are) interesting |
| none和no one:都表示没有人,但none表示有范围 no one表示没有范围 None of the students can finish it in 10 minutes No one knows about it No one likes being laughed at没有人喜欢被嘲笑 |
| ****拓展:it指提到的同一事物的可数名词单数;one泛指前面提到同类不同事物中的一个,同类但不同物。I lost my old watch,I want to buy a new one. I lost my watch yesteday,but I found it this morning |
| 9.复合不定代词①复合不定代词在句子中作主语时,都看作单数,谓语动词一般用单数形式 Is everyone here today今天每个人都到齐了吗? Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。 |
| ②含-body、-one的复合不定代词指人时,两者可以互换; 含-thing的复合不定代词用来指物I can heat nothing but your voice除了你的声音,我什么也听不见 |
| ③some构成的复合不定代词,其作用和some相同,一般用于肯定句,含any的复合不定代词一般用于否定、疑问和条件句中,也可以用在肯定句表示“任意/何…”的意思 ;no构成的复合不定代词表示否定含义,用于否定句。 |
| something可用于提建议、请求、邀请,并希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中。如:Would you like something to eat? 你要吃点东西吗? there is something wrong with my watch【肯定】 |
| Do you have anything to say?【疑问】你有话要说吗? I didn't go to the party with anyone【否定】我没有和任何人去聚会 |
| Would you like something to eat?你要吃些东西吗?【询问、建议的疑问句】 Anything is okay什么都行/任何东西都行【肯定句中表示任何东西】 |
| ④不定代词的定语要后置。形容词修饰复合不定代词,要放在复合不定代词的后面,不定代词+形容词Today is your birthday,I bought you something special 今天是你生日,我给你买了特殊的东西 |
| ⑤.复合不定代词的否定not every-部分否定,并非都,不都。Not everything will go well并非一切都会那么顺利 “not any-”和no-表全否定。He listened, but heard nothing=He listened, but didn’t hear anything.他听了听,但什么也没听到 |