纳米银粒子的五大应用（中英文）

纳米银粒子良好的导电性能、导热性能、抗菌性能、光学性能以及其他特殊性能正被广泛的开发应用。目前，纳米银粒子已被广泛应用于催化材料、光学材料、生物医疗、新能源以及电子器件等领域。

1、抗菌方面的应用 

    无机抗菌材料纳米金属银被公认是理想的抗菌材料，目前在涂料、医疗领域、净水系统、纺织品、塑料、橡胶、陶瓷、玻璃等杀菌涂层，除臭、抗菌薄膜行业中有许多的成功案例，从而为纳米银的抗菌应用打开更广阔的市场。

    通过纳米技术所制得的纳米银与传统银系抗菌剂相比，不仅具有更加显著的抗菌效果，而且安全性更高，持续效力更长。作为抗菌剂，纳米银比表面积大，粒径小较易与病原微生物发生接触，能发挥其最大的生物活性，在抗菌食品包装中使用的大多数纳米复合材料的基础就是银纳米粒子，可见其更强大的抗菌活性。研究人员在无纺布中掺入纳米银并测试其抗菌性能。结果表明，没有浸渍纳米银的无纺布不具有抗菌性能，浸渍500ppm 的纳米银溶液的无纺布具有优异的抗菌性能。添加了纳米银涂层的聚丙烯水过滤器对大肠杆菌细胞有良好的抑制效果。。

Inorganic material nano-metallic silver is recognized as an ideal antibacterial material. At present, there are many successful cases in coatings, medical fields, water purification systems, textiles, plastics, rubber, ceramics, glass and other bactericidal coatings, deodorization, antibacterial film industry, have opened a broader market for antibacterial application of silver nanoparticles. 

Compared with traditional silver antibacterial agents, the silver nanoparticles prepared by nanotechnology not only have more significant antibacterial effect, but also have higher safety and longer lasting effect.  As an antibacterial agent, nano silver has large specific surface area and small particle size, which is easy to contact with pathogenic microorganisms and can exert its maximum biological activity. Most nano composite materials used in antibacterial food packaging are based on silver nanoparticles, which shows its stronger antibacterial activity.  The researchers doped the non-woven fabric with nano-silver and tested its antibacterial properties.  The results show that the non-woven fabric without nano-silver immersion has no antibacterial property, and the non-woven fabric soaked in 500ppm nano-silver solution has excellent antibacterial property.  The e polypropylene water filter with silver nanoparticles coating has good inhibition effect on EScherichia coli cells.  

2、催化方面的应用 

    纳米银具有优良的催化活性，可作为多种反应的催化剂。研究人员采用光还原沉积贵金属的方法制备了Ag/ZnO 复合纳米粒子。以光催化氧化气相正庚烷为模型反应，研究样品的光催化活性以及贵金属沉积量对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明：在ZnO 纳米粒子中沉积适量的Ag能使其光催化剂的活性得到大幅度提高。

    以纳米银粒子为催化剂，还原对硝基苯甲酸。研究表明，在加入纳米银作为催化剂的条件下，对硝基苯甲酸的还原程度远远大于没有加入纳米银的反应。并且，随着纳米银的用量的增加，反应速度越快，反应越彻底。乙烯氧化反应催化剂，燃料电池用负载型银催化剂。

Silver nanoparticles have excellent catalytic activity and can be used as catalysts for many reactions.  Ag/ZnO composite nanoparticles were prepared by photoreduction deposition of precious metals.  The photocatalytic oxidation of gas phase n-heptane was used as a model reaction to study the effects of the photocatalytic activity of samples and the amount of noble metal deposition on the catalytic activity.  The results show that deposition of Ag in ZnO nanoparticles can greatly improve the photocatalyst activity.  

The reduction of p - nitrobenzoic acid with silver nanoparticles as catalyst.  The results show that the reduction degree of p-nitrobenzoic acid with nano-silver as catalyst is much greater than that without nano-silver.  And, with the increase of the amount of nano-silver, the faster the reaction, the more complete the reaction.  Ethylene oxidation catalyst, supported silver catalyst for fuel cell.  

3、导电方面的应用 

    纳米银具有良好的导电性能，主要表现在纳米级的银粉导电带上可以形成具有优良表面状态的导电膜，因而能保持较低而且稳定的电阻。由于具有这种优异的性能，纳米银在电子工业领域具有十分广泛的 应用。

纳米银粉由于其独特的纳米特性，为半导体芯片的封装提供了另一个崭新的思路。银的熔点是961℃，而当颗粒尺寸到纳米级别，其熔点会显著降低，因此可通过低温烧结实现电子产品或芯片的互联，而烧结后的烧结层熔点又恢复到银的常规熔点，可满足电子产品在高温下正常使用，并且银具有优异的导热导电性和良好的化学稳定性，是半导体封装最具应用前景的互连材料。

    采用化学电镀的办法在片状铜粉表面包覆一层纳米级银粒子，成功制备纳米银包覆铜粉体， 其导电性能研究表明由于纳米银的加入，不仅提高了铜粉的导电率，同时克服了铜粉易被氧化等缺点。

    通过机械搅拌和超声分散的方法将纳米银颗粒制成的纳米银导电浆料具有良好的导电性。

4、光学领域的应用 

    纳米银可以作为一种基质，用来增强拉曼光谱。研究表明，使用适量电性合适的纳米银能够获得比较强的拉曼光谱(SERS)，从而使SERS的研究范围变大。此外，纳米银粒子的局域表面等离子体共振散射及吸收性质，使碘与银纳米粒子作用后，所产生的强烈的光散射信号，将在生化分析和检测中有潜在的应用前景。 

5、生物材料方面的应用 

    由于纳米银具有各种优越的性质，其在生物材料领域有着广阔的前景，特别在生物传感器方面。

    研究人员在葡萄糖传感器的葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)的固定化技术研究中引入银-金纳米复合颗粒，实验证明该颗粒的加入增加酶的吸附量和稳定性的同时提高酶的催化活性，使酶电极的电流响应灵敏度得到大幅度的提高。 

Due to its superior properties, silver nanoparticles have a broad prospect in the field of biomaterials, especially in biosensors.  

The silver-gold nanoparticle was introduced into the immobilization technology of glucose oxidase (GOD) of glucose sensor. The experiment proved that the addition of the nanoparticle increased the adsorption capacity and stability of the enzyme, while improving the catalytic activity of the enzyme, so that the sensitivity of the current response of the enzyme electrode was greatly improved.  

纳米银良好的导电性能、导热性能、抗菌性能、光学性能以及其他特殊性能使得其在生物医疗领域、光学领域、催化领域、电子器件领域的有着越来越多的应用，未来纳米银与其他金属形成的双金属纳米材料将是纳米银的一个发展方向。

可以预言，纳米银粒子必将会对人类社会的发展和进步产生重大而深远的影响，将纳米银应用到医药、生物、环境等领域必将有着十分广阔的发展前景。