1 案例1:安装Docker 1.1 问题 本案例要求配置yum源并安装Docker: 准备两台虚拟机,IP为192.168.1.31和192.168.1.32 安装docker 关闭防火墙 1.2 步骤 实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。 步骤一:配置yum源 1)配置IP(虚拟机配置静态ip)docker1和docker2主机同样操作 [root@localhost~]# echo docker1>/etc/hostname [root@localhost~]# hostname docker1 [root@localhost~]# echo docker2>/etc/hostname [root@localhost~]# hostname docker2 [root@docker1~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 # Generated by dracut initrd DEVICE="eth0" ONBOOT="yes" IPV6INIT="no" IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no" NM_CONTROLLED="no" TYPE="Ethernet" BOOTPROTO="static" IPADDR="192.168.1.31" PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.1.254 [root@docker1~]# systemctl restart network [root@docker2~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 # Generated by dracut initrd DEVICE="eth0" ONBOOT="yes" IPV6INIT="no" IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no" NM_CONTROLLED="no" TYPE="Ethernet" BOOTPROTO="static" IPADDR="192.168.1.32" PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.1.254 [root@docker1~]# systemctl restart network 2)配置yum客户端,配置之前openstack的扩展源(RHEL7-extras.iso)即可(docker1和docker2主机同样操作) [root@docker1]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo ... [local_extras] name=CentOS-$releasever-Extras baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/extras" enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 [root@docker2]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo ... [local_extras] name=CentOS-$releasever-Extras baseurl="ftp://192.168.1.254/extras" enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 4)安装docker(docker1和docker2主机同样操作) [root@docker1~]# yum-y install docker [root@docker1~]# systemctl restart docker [root@docker1~]# systemctl enable docker [root@docker1~]# ifconfig//有docker0说明环境部署完成 docker0:flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>mtu1500 inet172.17.0.1netmask255.255.0.0broadcast0.0.0.0 ether02:42:3e:e7:3f:6e txqueuelen0(Ethernet) RX packets0bytes0(0.0B) RX errors0dropped0overruns0frame0 TX packets0bytes0(0.0B) TX errors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0 [root@docker1~]# docker version//查看版本 [root@docker2~]# yum-y install docker [root@docker2~]# systemctl restart docker [root@docker2~]# systemctl enable docker [root@docker2~]# ifconfig//有docker0说明环境部署完成 docker0:flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>mtu1500 inet172.17.0.1netmask255.255.0.0broadcast0.0.0.0 ether02:42:53:82:b9:d4 txqueuelen0(Ethernet) RX packets0bytes0(0.0B) RX errors0dropped0overruns0frame0 TX packets0bytes0(0.0B) TX errors0dropped0overruns0carrier0collisions0 [root@docker2~]# docker version//查看版本 2 案例2:镜像基本操作 2.1 问题 本案例要求熟悉镜像的基本操作: 导入镜像 导出镜像 启动镜像 2.2 步骤 实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。 步骤一:docker镜像 1)下载镜像 [root@docker1~]# docker pull docker.io/busybox [root@docker1 bulid]# docker pull docker.io/busybox Usingdefaulttag:latest Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/busybox... latest:Pulling from docker.io/library/busybox Digest:sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f 2)上传镜像 [root@docker1~]# docker push docker.io/busybox 3)查看镜像 [root@docker1~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/busybox latest d8233ab899d410days ago1.199MB 4)查找busybox镜像 [root@docker1~]# docker search docker.io/busybox 5)导出busybox镜像为busybox.tar [root@docker1~]# docker save docker.io/busybox:latest-o busybox.tar [root@docker1~]# ls busybox.tar 6)导入镜像 [root@docker1~]# scp nginx.tar root@192.168.1.32:/root [root@docker2~]# ls nginx.tar [root@docker2~]# docker load-i nginx.tar 3c816b4ead84:Loading layer58.47MB/58.47MB 787822cf1b17:Loading layer54.44MB/54.44MB 89decbdf7fb7:Loading layer3.584kB/3.584kB Loaded image:docker.io/nginx:latest/3.584kB [root@docker2~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/nginx latest 42b4762643dc4weeks ago109.2M e1ddd7948a1c4weeks ago1.163MB 7)删除镜像 [root@docker1 docker]# docker rmi docker.io/nginx Untagged:docker.io/nginx:latest Deleted:sha256:42b4762643dcc9bf492b08064b55fef64942f055f0da91289a8abf93c6d6b43c Deleted:sha256:e0e55dd2303b3e3ec852acae267d1f8a3eea27a22c64a5829304ecee4d3f559c Deleted:sha256:4062cf272cdd99e83b1c21f712e5e1359c91ecf92925e56c62133c3324b84e45 Deleted:sha256:3c816b4ead84066ec2cadec2b943993aaacc3fe35fcd77ada3d09dc4f3937313 步骤二:一次性导入多个镜像 [student@room9pc0104]$cd /linux-soft/04/ [student@room9pc0104]$ scp-rdocker/root@192.168.1.31:/root/ [root@docker1~]# cd docker [root@docker1 docker]# ls centos.tar nginx.tar redis.tar registry.tar ubuntu.tar [root@docker1 docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE [root@docker1 docker]#foriin*;dodocker load-i $i;done bcc97fbfc9e1:Loading layer208.2MB/208.2MB Loaded image:docker.io/centos:latest208.2MB Loaded image:docker.io/nginx:latest a098f8909d23:Loading layer338.4kB/338.4kB c3bc3362d4ff:Loading layer3.034MB/3.034MB bf10d8534af6:Loading layer36.4MB/36.4MB 0949ce28adcc:Loading layer1.536kB/1.536kB b1f287cac208:Loading layer3.584kB/3.584kB Loaded image:docker.io/redis:latest/3.584kB 7bff100f35cb:Loading layer4.672MB/4.672MB 6b6e0aba7201:Loading layer1.587MB/1.587MB 18429e86e6ad:Loading layer20.08MB/20.08MB 7b33b7de3d52:Loading layer3.584kB/3.584kB 726e86b708de:Loading layer2.048kB/2.048kB Loaded image:docker.io/registry:latest048 kB adcb570ae9ac:Loading layer89.95MB/89.95MB 7604c8714555:Loading layer15.87kB/15.87kB 9e9d3c3a7458:Loading layer11.26kB/11.26kB 27a216ffe825:Loading layer3.072kB/3.072kB Loaded image:docker.io/ubuntu:latest3.072kB [root@docker1 docker]# docker images 导入多个镜像如图-1所示: 图-1 步骤三:启动镜像 1)启动centos镜像生成一个容器 启动镜像时若不知道后面的命令加什么: 1、可以猜(如:/bin/bash、/bin/sh) 2、可以不加后面的命令,默认启动 [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run-it docker.io/centos /bin/bash [root@7a652fc72a9f /]#ls / anaconda-post.log bin dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usrvar [root@7a652fc72a9f /]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# rm-rf C* [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# ls [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]#vi dvd.repo//在容器里面配置一个yum源 [local] name=local baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.254/system enable=1 gpgcheck=0 [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# yum-y install net-tools//安装软件 [root@7a652fc72a9f yum.repos.d]# exit exit 3 案例3:镜像与容器常用指令 3.1 问题 本案例要求掌握镜像与容器的常用命令: 镜像常用指令练习 容器常用指令练习 3.2 步骤 实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。 步骤一:镜像常用命令 1)查看后台运行的容器 [root@docker1 docker]# docker run-d docker.io/nginx//启动nginx的镜像 [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps//查看后台运行的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 81458156f6e8 docker.io/nginx"nginx -g 'daemon off"9seconds ago Up8seconds80/tcp pedantic_goldberg 2)只显示容器ID [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps-q 81458156f6e8 3)显示所有的容器,包括没有启动的 [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps-a 4)显示所有的容器ID [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps-qa 81458156f6e8 3656f1978967 5)查看centos镜像历史(制作过程),如图-2所示: [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker history docker.io/centos 图-2 7)删除镜像,启动容器时删除镜像会失败,先删除容器,再删除镜像 格式:docker rmi 镜像名 [root@docker1 docker]# docker rmi nginx//nginx为镜像名 Errorresponse from daemon:conflict:unable to remove repository reference"nginx"(must force)-container 81458156f6e8 is using its referenced image 42b4762643dc //删除时报错 [root@docker1 docker]# docker stop81 81 [root@docker1 docker]# docker rm81 81 [root@docker2~]# docker rmi docker.io/nginx//删除nginx镜像 Untagged:docker.io/nginx:latest Deleted:sha256:42b4762643dcc9bf492b08064b55fef64942f055f0da91289a8abf93c6d6b43c Deleted:sha256:e0e55dd2303b3e3ec852acae267d1f8a3eea27a22c64a5829304ecee4d3f559c Deleted:sha256:4062cf272cdd99e83b1c21f712e5e1359c91ecf92925e56c62133c3324b84e45 Deleted:sha256:3c816b4ead84066ec2cadec2b943993aaacc3fe35fcd77ada3d09dc4f3937313 8)修改镜像的名称和标签,默认标签为latest [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag docker.io/centos:latest docker.io/cen:v1 [root@docker2~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/centos latest 42b4762643dc4weeks ago109.2MB docker.io/cen v1 42b4762643dc4weeks ago109.2MB 9)查看镜像的底层信息,如图-3所示: [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker inspect docker.io/centos 图-3 10)修改镜像的标签 [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker tag docker.io/centos:latest docker.io/cen:v1 [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/cen v1 e934aafc22065months ago198.6MB [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker rmi docker.io/centos//删除centos [root@localhost~]# docker run-it centos //启动的时候,因为是用标签标签启动的,所以会重新通过ID下载 [root@docker1 docker]# docker run-it docker.io/centos Unable to find image'centos:latest'locally Trying to pull repository registry.access.redhat.com/centos... Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos... latest:Pulling from docker.io/library/centos a02a4930cb5d:Pull complete Digest:sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426 [root@b6c5f16461f5 /]# [root@localhost~]# docker run-it docker.io/cen:v1 //通过新建的标签启动docker.io/cen:v1 步骤二:容器命令 1)关闭容器 命令:docker stop 容器ID [root@docker1 docker]# docker stop 0f//0f为容器ID 0f 2)启动容器 [root@docker1 docker]# docker start 0f 0f 3)重启容器 [root@docker1 docker]# docker restart 0f 0f 4)删除容器 运行中删除不掉,先关闭容器 [root@docker1 docker]# docker rm 0f//删除失败 Errorresponse from daemon:You cannot remove a running container 0f63706692e15134a8f07655a992771b312b8eb01554fc37e1a39b03b28dd05c.Stop the container before attempting removal or use-f [root@docker1 docker]# docker stop 0f//关闭容器 0f [root@docker1 docker]# docker rm 0f//删除成功 0f [root@docker1 docker]# 5)连接容器attach|exec [root@docker1 docker]# docker attach 0f [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps//容器关闭 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@docker1 docker]# docker exec-it 0f /bin/bash [root@docker1 docker]# docker ps//容器不会关闭 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0b3c50284a1c docker.io/centos"/bin/bash"15minutes ago Up15minutes tiny_lamarr [root@docker1 docker]# docker top f7//查看容器进程列表 [root@docker1 docker]# docker run-itd docker.io/centos:latest 76e7577cff5d8a3ec877d3ea564fed2fb502bd4a0447705bec269a646d414d07 [root@docker1 docker]# ps PID TTY TIME CMD 5552pts/000:00:00bash 6739pts/000:00:00ps [root@docker1 docker]# docker exec-it76 /bin/bash [root@76e7577cff5d /]# sleep50& [1]30 [root@76e7577cff5d /]# exit exit [root@docker1 docker]# docker top76 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root67086691017:00pts/100:00:00 /bin/bash UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root27442729018:01pts/400:00:00 /bin/bash 6)过滤查看mac和ip地址 [root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect-f'{{.NetworkSettings.MacAddress}}'76 02:42:ac:11:00:04 [root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect-f'{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}'76 172.17.0.4 7)修改nginx的显示内容 [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker run-it docker.io/nginx:latest [root@docker1 docker_images]# docker exec-it56 /bin/bash root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx -T /usr/share/nginx/html/ nginx:invalid option:"/usr/share/nginx/html/"//查找并显示结果 root@56ec8154f8e0:/# echo aaa > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html //修改主页显示的内容 root@56ec8154f8e0:/# nginx-T root@56ec8154f8e0:/# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html aaa 8)过滤查看nginx的ip地址 [root@docker1 docker]# docker inspect-f'{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}'a6 172.17.0.3 [root@docker1 docker]# curl172.17.0.3 aaa |
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