非谓语动词
易错点【01】 it is ...+ to do...
【2020 ?四川省遂宁市】It’s important for us________a healthy lifestyle.
A．to keep B．keep C．keeping D．kept
此题如果学生分不清it is adj. for sb. to do sth.和it is adj. for sb. doing sth.，学生很容易误选B， to do 表示有目的性，doing 表示正在进行。
1. 动词不定式的作用
句子成分 用法 例句
作主语 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：
①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂。 To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。
作宾语 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse, afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think, find, believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。
I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。
作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？
Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？
作状语 不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。 To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。
作表语 放在系动词后作表语。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。
2. 不定式的特殊用法
①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。
②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。
?Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。
?My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。
非谓语动词解题七大原则
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。
原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。
原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。
原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。
原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。
原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。
原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。
【巧学妙记】
后跟to do作宾语的动词（词组）
(1)想要，拒绝，忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget)
(2)需要，努力，学习 (need, try, learn)
(3)喜欢，同意，帮助 (like, agree, help)
(4)希望，决定，开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start)
【巧学妙记】
巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词
喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)
盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)
想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)
忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)
易错点【02】 动词 + doing结构
【2020 ?甘孜州】The singer was often seen to practice ____________ songs near the woods three years ago.
A. sing B. singing C. to sing
此题考查短语practice doing的用法。
（一）动名词的构成
动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。
（二）动名词作用
句子成分 用法 例句
作主语 单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：
It is no use（good）+v.ing. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。
作表语 放在系动词后面作表语 Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。
作宾语 用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busy No matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。
作定语 用于名词前，起修饰说明作用 There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。
（三）动名词的特殊用法
即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。
易错通关
1.【2020 ?广西北部湾经济区】Now the Chinese government has made laws ________ wild animals.
A. protect B. protects C. to protect D. protected
2.【2020 ?青海省】A CCTV news reporter will come to interview Wang Lin tomorrow Please tell her ________.
A. not to be late B. not to come C. to watch TV
3.【2020 ?青岛市】Teachers expect all their students ________ progress day by day.
A. to make B. make C. to take D. take
4.【2020 ?云南省】Wang Lei is looking forward to ________ the best high school in September.
A. refusing B. playing C. reading D. entering
5.【2020 ?福建省】The twin brothers are busy ________ artworks from ocean waste.
A．making B．make C．to make
6.【2020 ?上海市】The engineers will keep________the project with the manager of the company．
A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss
7.【2020 ?上海市】Doctors tell us________our hands before and after every meal．
A．wash B．washed C．washing D．to wash
8.【2020 ?四川攀枝花】The doctor warns Jack _____________stop _____________because it is bad for his health.
A．to; smoking B．not; to smoke C．to; to smoke D．not to; smoking
9. 【2020 ?重庆市】They hope ________the basketball match.
A. win B. won C. to win D. winning
10.【2020 ?海南省】Frank and his friends had great fun _________volleyball on the beach yesterday.
A. play B. playing C. to play
11.【2020 ?黑龙江绥化】My teacher encouraged me __________ English as much as possible.
A. to speak B. speak C. speaking
12.【2020 ?镇江市】A lot of museums in China are worth___________. If you have time, you can choose to go.
A. visited B. visiting C. to visit D. visit
13.【2020 ?南通市】They offered courses_________ students know the importance of protecting the Huanghe River.
A. help B. helped C. helps D. to help
14.【2020 ?盐城市】The Birdwatching Society goes to Zhalong Nature Reserve the birds every year.
A. to count B. counting C. count D. counts
15.【2020?湖北省恩施州】My sister has gone to work in Beijing, not for money, but ________ herself.
A．improve B．improved C．to improve
16.【2020?湖北省黄石市】He spent two hours ________ his mother with housework last Sunday.
A．helping B．helped C．to help D．help
17.【2020?长沙市】We are glad ________ that traditional Chinese medicine can work wonders in preventing some diseases.
A. know B. to know C. knowing
18.【2020?益阳市】Diana used to _________ to work, but now she is used to ________ because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.
A. drive; walk B. drive; walking C. driving; walk
19.【2020?怀化市】—A lot of old people are lonely. What can we do to help them?
—I want ______ the old people''s home to talk to them.
A. visit B. to visit C. visiting
20.【2020 ?内蒙古包头市】______ the project as planned, they need to work two more hours a day.
A．To finish B．Finishing C．Finish D．To be finished
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