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标题：Autophagy suppresses the formation of hepatocyte-derived cancer-initiating ductular progenitor cells in the liver译名：自噬抑制了肝脏中引发癌症的肝细胞源性导管祖细胞的形成发表时间：Published online 2021 Jun 4. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9141Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is driven by repeated rounds of inflammation, leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and, ultimately, cancer. A critical step in HCC formation is the transition from fibrosis to cirrhosis, which is associated with a change in the liver parenchyma called ductular reaction. Here, we report a genetically engineered mouse model of HCC driven by loss of macroautophagy and hemizygosity of phosphatase and tensin homolog, which develops HCC involving ductular reaction. We show through lineage tracing that, following loss of autophagy, mature hepatocytes dedifferentiate into biliary-like liver progenitor cells (ductular reaction), giving rise to HCC. Furthermore, this change is associated with deregulation of yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif transcription factors, and the combined, but not individual, deletion of these factors completely reverses the dedifferentiation capacity and tumorigenesis. These findings therefore increase our understanding of the cell of origin of HCC development and highlight new potential points for therapeutic intervention.1、Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is driven by repeated rounds of inflammation/ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/, leading to fibrosis/faɪˈbroʊsɪs/, cirrhosis/səˈroʊsɪs/, and, ultimately, cancer.肝细胞癌（HCC）由多轮炎症驱动，导致肝纤维化、肝硬化，最终导致癌症。2、A critical step in HCC formation is the transition from fibrosis to cirrhosis, which is associated with a change in the liver parenchyma/pəˈreŋkɪmə/ called ductular reaction.HCC形成的关键步骤是从纤维化到肝硬化的转变，这与称为导管反应的肝实质的改变有关。3、Here, we report a genetically engineered mouse model of HCC driven by loss of macroautophagy(A) and hemizygosity/həmɪzaɪˈɡɑːsɪti/ of phosphatase/ˈfɑːsfəˌteɪs/ （B）and tensin homolog/ˈhɑːməlɔːɡ/(C), which develops HCC involving ductular reaction.|driven by A and B and C,非限我们报道了由巨自噬缺失和磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物的半合子状态驱动的HCC基因工程小鼠模型，该模型患有涉及导管反应的HCC。4、We show through lineage/ˈlɪniɪdʒ/ tracing that, following loss of autophagy, mature hepatocytes dedifferentiate/di:,difə'renʃieit/ into biliary/ˈbɪlieri/-like liver progenitor cells (ductular reaction), giving rise to HCC.我们通过谱系追踪显示，在自噬丧失后，成熟肝细胞去分化为胆管样肝祖细胞（导管反应），从而导致HCC。5、Furthermore, this change is associated with deregulation of yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif/moʊˈtiːf/ transcription factors, and the combined, but not individual, deletion of these factors completely reverses the dedifferentiation capacity and tumorigenesis.|主语：句子1是this change，句子2是deletion of these factors此外，这一变化与yes相关蛋白（YAP）、具有PDZ结合基序转录因子的转录共激活剂的调控解除有关；这些因子的联合而非单独删除可完全逆转肿瘤去分化能力和肿瘤发生。6、These findings therefore increase our understanding of the cell of origin of HCC development and highlight new potential points for therapeutic intervention.因此，这些发现增加了我们对HCC发展起源细胞的理解，并强调了治疗干预的新潜在点。
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