3.6 shell 函数、数组 编程 实战
函数
# Shell允许将一组命令集或语句形成一个可用块,这些块称为Shell函数,Shell函数的用于在于只需定义一次,后期随时使用即可,无需在Shell脚本中添加重复的语句块,其语法格式以function name(){开头,以}结尾。
# Shell编程函数默认不能将参数传入()内部,Shell函数参数传递在调用函数名称传递,例如name args1 args2。
# 函数语法
func() {
command1
command1
……
}
fun # 直接调用函数名
# Shell 函数很简单,函数名后跟双括号,再跟双大括号。通过函数名直接调用,不加小括号。
#!/bin/bash
func() {
VAR=$((1+1))
return $VAR
echo "This is a function."
}
func
echo $?
# bash test.sh
2
数组
# 数组是相同类型的元素按一定顺序排列的集合。
格式:array=(元素 1 元素 2 元素 3 ...)
用小括号初始化数组,元素之间用空格分隔。
定义方法 1:初始化数组 array=(a b c)
定义方法 2:新建数组并添加元素 array[下标]=元素
定义方法 3:将命令输出作为数组元素array=($(command))
3.6.1 定义一个 httpd 安装的函数 —案例
创建 apache 软件安装函数
[root@web-server01~/script]# vim xx.sh
#!/bin/bash
#auto install apache
#By author rivers 2021-09-27
#Httpd define path variable
FILES=httpd-2.2.31.tar.bz2
LES_DIR=httpd-2.2.31
URL=http://mirrors./apache/httpd/
PREFIX=/usr/local/apache2/
function Apache_install ()
{
#Install httpd web server
if [[ "$1" -eq "1" ]];then
wget -c $URL/$FILES && tar -jxvf $FILES && cd $FILES_DIR &&./configure
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
make && make install
echo -e "\n\033[32m--------------------------------------------
echo -e "\033[32mThe $FILES_DIR Server Install Success !\033[0m
else
echo -e "\033[32mThe $FILES_DIR Make or Make install ERROR,Plea
exit 0
fi
fi
}
Apache_install 1
# 调用函数,传参为1
3.6.2 遍历数组元素 — 案例
遍历数组元素
#方法 1:
#!/bin/bash
IP=(10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3)
for ((i=0;i<${#IP[*]};i++)); do
echo ${IP[$i]}
done
# bash test.sh
10.0.0.1
10.0.0.2
10.0.0.3
#方法 2:
#!/bin/bash
IP=(10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3)
for IP in ${IP[*]}; do
echo $IP
done
四、shell 编程实战 案例
4.1 shell 脚本实战之 系统备份脚本 —案例
Tar 工具全备、增量备份网站,Shell 脚本实现自动打包备份
#!/bin/bash
#Auto Backup Linux System Files
#by author rivers on 2021-09-28
SOURCE_DIR=(
$*
)
TARGET_DIR=/data/backup/
YEAR=`date +%Y`
MONTH=`date +%m`
DAY=`date +%d`
WEEK=`date +%u`
A_NAME=`date +%H%M`
FILES=system_backup.tgz
CODE=$?
if
[ -z "$*" ];then
echo -e "\033[32mUsage:\nPlease Enter Your Backup Files or Directories\n--------------------------------------------\n\nUsage: { $0 /boot /etc}\033[0m"
exit
fi
#Determine Whether the Target Directory Exists
if
[ ! -d $TARGET_DIR/$YEAR/$MONTH/$DAY ];then
mkdir -p $TARGET_DIR/$YEAR/$MONTH/$DAY
echo -e "\033[32mThe $TARGET_DIR Created Successfully !\033[0m"
fi
#EXEC Full_Backup Function Command
Full_Backup()
{
if
[ "$WEEK" -eq "7" ];then
rm -rf $TARGET_DIR/snapshot
cd $TARGET_DIR/$YEAR/$MONTH/$DAY ;tar -g $TARGET_DIR/snapshot -czvf $FILES ${SOURCE_DIR[@]}
[ "$CODE" == "0" ]&&echo -e "--------------------------------------------\n\033[32mThese Full_Backup System Files Backup Successfully !\033[0m"
fi
}
#Perform incremental BACKUP Function Command
Add_Backup()
{
if
[ $WEEK -ne "7" ];then
cd $TARGET_DIR/$YEAR/$MONTH/$DAY ;tar -g $TARGET_DIR/snapshot -czvf $A_NAME$FILES ${SOURCE_DIR[@]}
[ "$CODE" == "0" ]&&echo -e "-----------------------------------------\n\033[32mThese Add_Backup System Files $TARGET_DIR/$YEAR/$MONTH/$DAY/${YEAR}_$A_NAME$FILES Backup Successfully !\033[0m"
fi
}
sleep 3
Full_Backup;Add_Backup
4.2 shell 脚本 实战 之收集系统信息 —案例
Shell 脚本实现服务器信息自动收集
cat <<EOF
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++Welcome to use system Collect+++++++++
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
EOF
ip_info=`ifconfig |grep "Bcast"|tail -1 |awk '{print $2}'|cut -d: -f 2`
cpu_info1=`cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'model name'|tail -1 |awk -F: '{print $2}'|sed 's/^ //g'|awk '{print $1,$3,$4,$NF}'`
cpu_info2=`cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "physical id"|sort |uniq -c|wc -l`
serv_info=`hostname |tail -1`
disk_info=`fdisk -l|grep "Disk"|grep -v "identifier"|awk '{print $2,$3,$4}'|sed 's/,//g'`
mem_info=`free -m |grep "Mem"|awk '{print "Total",$1,$2"M"}'`
load_info=`uptime |awk '{print "Current Load: "$(NF-2)}'|sed 's/\,//g'`
mark_info='BeiJing_IDC'
echo -e "\033[32m-------------------------------------------\033[1m"
echo IPADDR:${ip_info}
echo HOSTNAME:$serv_info
echo CPU_INFO:${cpu_info1} X${cpu_info2}
echo DISK_INFO:$disk_info
echo MEM_INFO:$mem_info
echo LOAD_INFO:$load_info
echo -e "\033[32m-------------------------------------------\033[0m"
echo -e -n "\033[36mYou want to write the data to the databases? \033[1m" ;read ensure
if [ "$ensure" == "yes" -o "$ensure" == "y" -o "$ensure" == "Y" ];then
echo "--------------------------------------------"
echo -e '\033[31mmysql -uaudit -p123456 -D audit -e ''' "insert into audit_system values('','${ip_info}','$serv_info','${
cpu_info1} X${cpu_info2}','$disk_info','$mem_info','$load_info','$mark_info')" ''' \033[0m '
mysql -uroot -p123456 -D test -e "insert into audit_system values('','${ip_info}','$serv_info','${cpu_info1} X${cpu_info2}
','$disk_info','$mem_info','$load_info','$mark_info')"
else
echo "Please wait,exit......"
exit
fi
4.3 shell 脚本实战 之 一键部署 lnmp 架构 — 案例
批量部署 lnmp 架构
[root@web-server01~/script]# vim lnmp.sh
#!/bin/bash
#install lnmp
#by author rivers on 2021-9-28
# nginx 环境准备
Nginx_url=https:///download/nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
Nginx_prefix=/usr/local/nginx
# mysql 环境准备
Mysql_version=mysql-5.5.20.tar.gz
Mysql_dir=mysql-5.5.20
Mysql_url=https://downloads./archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.5.20.tar.gz
Mysql_prefix=/usr/local/mysql/
# php 环境准备
Php_version=php-7.2.10.tar.gz
Php_prefix=/usr/local/php-7.2.10/
function nginx_install(){
if [[ "$1" -eq "1" ]];then
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
make && make install
fi
fi
}
function mysql_install(){
if [[ "$1" -eq "2" ]];then
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DWITH_XTRADB_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=1 \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
echo -e "\033[32mThe $Mysql_dir Server Install Success !\033[0m"
else
echo -e "\033[32mThe $Mysql_dir Make or Make install ERROR,Please Check......"
exit 0
fi
/bin/cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/bin/cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
fi
}
function php_install(){
if [[ "$1" -eq "3" ]];then
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' && make install
if [[ "$1" -eq "3" ]];then
wget $Php_url && tar xf $Php_version && cd $Php_dir && yum install bxml2* bzip2* libcurl* libjpeg* libpng* freetype* gmp* libm
crypt* readline* libxslt* -y && ./configure --prefix=$Php_prefix --disable-fileinfo --enable-fpm --with-config-file-path=/etc --wi
-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-xmlrpc --with-jpeg-dir --w
ith-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt --enable-zip --enable-
mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysql-sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --without-pear --enable-bcmath
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' && make install
echo -e "\n\033[32m-----------------------------------------------\033[0m"
echo -e "\033[32mThe $Php_version Server Install Success !\033[0m"
else
echo -e "\033[32mThe $Php_version Make or Make install ERROR,Please Check......"
exit 0
fi
fi
}
PS3="Please enter you select install menu:"
select i in nginx mysql php quit
do
"lnmp.sh" 113L, 3516C written
[root@web-server01~/script]# vim lnmp.sh
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
fi
}
function php_install(){
if [[ "$1" -eq "3" ]];then
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' && make install
echo -e "\n\033[32m-----------------------------------------------\033[0m"
echo -e "\033[32mThe $Php_version Server Install Success !\033[0m"
else
echo -e "\033[32mThe $Php_version Make or Make install ERROR,Please Check......"
exit 0
fi
fi
}
PS3="Please enter you select install menu:"
select i in nginx mysql php quit
do
case $i in
nginx)
nginx_install 1
;;
mysql)
mysql_install 2
;;
php)
php_install 3
;;
quit)
exit
esac
done