英文外刊双语精读Campaigners call for?halt?to Sweden’s‘disastrous’?wolf?hunt活动人
士呼吁瑞典停止“灾难性的”猎狼行为【1】The biggest?wolf?cull?in modern times has beg
un in Sweden, causing an?outcry?among nature organisations who wa
rn it could?drastically?harm the population. Yesterday,?200?hunte
rs?went to kill?wolves?in forests between G?vleborg and Dalarna,?
hunting?from?midnight?until the sun set at?3pm.The?hunters?surrou
nded?the areas where the?wolves?have their lairs. They?released?d
ogs to search out the?wolves?and drive them on a path towards the
waiting?hunters. Yesterday the dogs had no luck, and the?hunters
?went home empty handed.Over the next month?hunters?will be allow
ed to kill?75?wolves?from a population of?460, as the government
seeks to reduce the population?density?in?certain?districts.瑞典进行了
现代最大规模的捕狼行动，这遭到了自然保护组织的强烈抗议，他们警告称，这可能会严重减少狼的数量。昨天，200名猎人在耶夫勒堡（G?v
leborg）和达拉纳（Dalarna）间的森林里猎杀狼，从午夜一直持续到下午3点日落。猎人们包围了狼群的巢穴。他们放狗去寻找狼群
，把它们赶到有猎人埋伏的路上。昨天猎狗的运气不好，猎人们也空手而归。在接下来的一个月里，猎人将被允许在一个数量为460只的狼群中猎
杀75只，因为政府试图降低某些地区的种群密度。【2】“hunting?is?absolutely?necessary to slo
w the growth of?wolves. The?wolf?pack is the largest we have had
in modern times,” said Gunnar Gl?ersen, the?predator?manager at t
he Swedish?hunters’ Association. But nature organisations have po
inted out that the Swedish population of?wolves?is?relatively?low
– in Italy there are more than?3,000. They have?appealed?against
the decision, which they argue breaks the EU’s Bern?convention?o
n the?conservation?of wildlife, but to no?avail.“狩猎对于减缓狼群数量的增长是绝对
必要的。这是现代我们所拥有的最大的狼群。”瑞典猎人协会的掠食者经理贡纳尔·格洛尔森（Gunnar Gl?ersen）说。但自然保护
组织指出，在瑞典，狼的数量相对较少，而在意大利，狼的数量是3000多头。他们对政府的这一决定提出上诉，认为这违反了欧盟关于保护野生
动物的《伯尔尼公约》，但最终却无济于事。【3】Marie Stegard, the president of the anti-h
unting?group Jaktkritikerna, said: “wolves?as top?predators?in th
e food chain are a?prerequisite?for?biodiversity. Killing a quart
er of the population through?hunting?has negative?consequences?fo
r animals and nature. It’s?disastrous?for the entire?ecosystem. T
he existence of?wolves?contributes?to a richer animal and plant l
ife. Human?survival?depends on healthy?ecosystems.”反狩猎组织Jaktkriti
kerna的领导人玛丽·斯特加德（Marie Stegard）说：“作为食物链中的顶级掠食者，狼是生物多样性的先决条件。狩猎杀死四
分之一的狼群对动物和自然都产生了负面影响。这对整个生态系统来说是灾难性的。狼的存在有助于丰富动植物多样性，而人类的生存则依赖于健康
的生态系统。”【4】Anna-Caren S?therberg, the Swedish?rural?affairs minist
er, recently told the public?broadcaster?SVT: “We see that the?wo
lf?population is growing every year, and with this?cull?we want t
o ensure that we can get down to the goal set by?parliament.“We c
an see that the level of?conflict?has increased, and that the lev
el of?acceptance?has fallen,” S?therberg said, adding that the go
vernment had asked the state environmental protection agency to l
ook again at?recommended?population numbers.The agency had?previo
usly?recommended?that the population should not fall below?300, t
o avoid it being further?weakened?and threatened by?inbreeding. H
owever, a majority in the Swedish?parliament?was in favour of cut
ting the?wolf?population to?170?, at the very bottom of the?170?t
o?270?range that would allow the country to meet the requirements
of the EU’s species and?habitats?directive.瑞典农村事务大臣安娜-卡伦·萨瑟伯格（An
na-Caren S?therberg）最近对公共广播公司SVT称：“我们发现狼的数量每年都在增长，想利用这次捕杀来确保狼的数量能
达到议会所设定的目标水平。”萨瑟伯格说：“我们可以看到，现在冲突增加了，接受程度却下降了。”，并补充道，政府已经要求国家环保局重新
考虑狼群的建议数量了。该机构此前曾建议，狼的数量不应低于300只，目的是避免其数量进一步减少以及避免近亲繁殖造成威胁。然而，瑞典议
会的大多数人都赞成将狼的数量削减至170只，这是欧盟物种和栖息地指令要求的最低水平，因为按照该指令，狼的数量应为170到270只。
【5】hunting?is a hot political?topic?in Sweden, with a powerful lo
bby able to influence politicians into allowing more animals to b
e killed. Stegard added: “It is obvious that there is a strong po
litical?pressure?for?licensed?hunting?for?wolves,?lynx?and bear.“
There is a large majority of Swedes who like?wolves, even where t
hey live. In our opinion the reason for these?hunts?is simply tha
t there is a?demand?for?shooting?wolves?among?hunters. The?hunter
s’ organisations have?enormous?power in Sweden. It is a fact that
the Swedish?parliament?has a?hunters’ club open to members of al
l parties, with a?shooting?gallery?underneath the Houses of?parli
ament. This sounds like a joke but it’s?absolutely?true.”在瑞典，狩猎是一
个热门政治话题，有个强大的游说团体能够说服政客们，让他们允许捕杀更多的动物。斯特加德补充说：“很明显，政府面临着巨大的政治压力，被
要求将狼、山猫和熊列为合法狩猎。绝大多数瑞典人都喜欢狼，即使这些狼会出现在他们生活的地方。在我们看来，猎杀狼的原因很简单——因为猎
人们有猎杀狼的需求。猎人组织在瑞典拥有巨大的权力。事实上，瑞典议会有一个向所有党派成员开放的猎人俱乐部，而且在议会大厦下面还有一个
射击场。尽管这听起来像个笑话，但却是千真万确。”【6】A group of scientists from top Europea
n universities recently wrote to the journal Science, arguing tha
t scientific advice for this goal had not been sought and that it
would?threaten?an already?fragmented?and?fragile?population.Benn
y G?fwert, a?predator?expert at the WWF, said the?parliament’s fi
gure of?170?was “not based on any scientific facts”.“Unforeseen t
hings can happen in wild populations, and a level of?170?is far t
oo low,” he told SVT. “We have a problem when it comes to the?gen
etics?of?wolves, and the smaller the?wolf?population, the greater
the impact of?fluctuations?in?geneticstatus.”来自欧洲顶尖大学的一组科学家最近在《科
学》(Science)杂志上撰文称，议会在制定这一目标时并未寻求科学建议，而这将威胁到已经支离破碎且脆弱的狼群。世界自然基金会捕食
动物专家本尼·加夫沃特（Benny G?fwert）表示，议会提出的170只的目标“没有任何科学依据”。“野生种群可能会发生不可预
见的事情，170的种群数量太低了，”他告诉瑞典电视台，“狼群的基因就是个问题，因为狼的数量越少，遗传状态波动的影响就越大。”【7】
Norway shares a?wolf?population with Sweden around its border, wh
ich poses further threats to the?endangered?predator. Norway and
Sweden’s?wolf?population – the Scandinavian?wolf?– is on the?enda
ngered?species list and are categorised as?critically?endangered?
in Norway and?severelyendangered?in Sweden. Norway’s government h
as put in place a very?restrictive?wolf?management policy with a
fixed population target of only four to six pups every year. As f
ar as it is known, Norway is the only country in the world that s
ets a?maximum?target number for a?critically?endangeredspecies.Ca
mpaigners in Norway are fighting the decision to allow such a lar
ge?cull?in court, and there is a hearing next week which they hop
e to win. If they do, it could have?ramifications?in Sweden, whic
h is?governed?by the same European laws.挪威边境的狼群和瑞典共有，这对这种濒危食肉动物又构
成了进一步的威胁。挪威和瑞典的狼群—斯堪的纳维亚狼—都是濒危物种，在挪威被列为极度濒危物种，在瑞典被列为严重濒危物种。挪威政府已经
实施了一项非常严格的狼群管理政策，设定的固定数量目标只有每年新增4到6只狼崽。据我们所知，挪威是世界上唯一一个为极度濒危物种设定最
大目标数量的国家。挪威的活动人士正在法庭上对抗这一允许如此大规模捕杀的决定，他们希望在下周的听证会上获胜。如果他们真的赢得官司，受
相同欧洲法律管辖的瑞典也会受到影响。段落大意：【1】瑞典进行了现代最大规模的捕狼行动，遭到了自然保护组织的强烈抗议。【2】猎人协会
认为目前的狼群数量是现代出现的最高水平，因此狩猎对于减少数量是有必要的，自然保护组织对此进行上诉，却无济于事。【3】反狩猎组织认为
狼对于生物多样性非常重要，而猎杀狼将会对动物和大自然产生负面影响。【4】瑞典农村事务大臣称之所以捕杀狼是为了达到议会设定的目标数量
，但由于这一决定的接受程度不高，所以政府在重新考虑这一目标数量。【5】猎人组织在瑞典影响力巨大，因此政府面临着很大的政治压力。【6
】《科学》杂志发文表明，议会在制定这一目标时并未寻求科学建议，这将威胁到本就脆弱的狼群。【7】挪威是世界上唯一一个限制极度濒危物种
数量的国家，现在活动人士已将对这一捕杀决定的反抗带上了法庭，听证会将于下周举行。短语：1）原文：But nature organi
sations have pointed out that the Swedish population of wolves is
relatively low – in Italy there are more than 3,000. 词典：point ou
t 指出例句：Critics point out that the prince, on his income, should b
e paying tax...批评家指出王子的收入应该纳税。2）原文：They have appealed against the
decision, which they argue breaks the EU’s Bern convention on th
e conservation of wildlife, but to no avail.词典：appeal against 对……
提起上诉例句：Heath''s appeal against the sentence was later successful.希
思对判决不服提出上诉，后来胜诉了。3）原文：The existence of wolves contributes to a ri
cher animal and plant life. 词典：contribute to 导致，促成例句：Avoid alcoh
ol and caffeine, which can contribute to depression and anxiety.避
免饮酒和食用咖啡因, 它们可导致抑郁和焦虑。4）原文： However, a majority in the Swedish pa
rliament was in favour of cutting the wolf population to 170 , at
the very bottom of the 170 to 270 range that would allow the cou
ntry to meet the requirements of the EU’s species and habitats di
rective. 词典：be in favour of 支持，赞同例句：A clear majority of voters we
re in favour of the motion.绝大多数选民赞成这一行动。长难句分析：一、原文：The biggest wo
lf cull in modern times has begun in Sweden, causing an outcry am
ong nature organisations who warn it could drastically harm the p
opulation. 瑞典进行了现代最大规模的捕狼行动，这遭到了自然保护组织的强烈抗议，他们警告称，这可能会严重减少狼的数量。分析
：红色部分是主句。绿色部分是现在分词短语做结果状语。紫色部分是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词organizations。蓝色部分
是定语从句中谓语动词warn的宾语从句，省略了引导词that。二、原文：It is a fact that the Swedish
parliament has a hunters’ club open to members of all parties, w
ith a shooting gallery underneath the Houses of Parliament. 事实上，瑞
典议会有一个向所有党派成员开放的猎人俱乐部，而且在议会大厦下面还有一个射击场。分析：红色部分是主句，其中it是形式主语，紫色部分t
hat引导的主语从句是真正主语。绿色部分是形容词短语做后置定语，修饰club。蓝色部分是with复合结构，其中宾语是a shoot
ing gallery，宾语补足语是underneath the Houses of Parliament。背景知识：狼被认为是最
成功的一种捕食者，因为它们在全世界范围内都分布很广，从北美洲到欧亚大陆，几乎大半个北半球，都有它们的身影。根据英国《卫报》报道，在进入2023年初的时候，瑞典就开始了猎狼活动，而且是10年来最大规模的屠狼行动。据瑞典方面介绍，开启屠狼行动的原因是这些年来瑞典野外的狼数量增长很快，为了降低某些地区狼群的数量，所以才决定进行人为狩猎，以达到控制狼种群增长的目的。听起来似乎挺有道理的，狼作为生态系统下的顶级捕食者，没有天敌，如果环境中食物足够多，种群自然发展很快，人为进行生态性捕杀的确说得过去。但事实上当地的狼数量并不算多，仅有450头左右，而被允许猎杀的狼的数量，就多达75头。75头都已经算好的了，瑞典议会中甚至有大多数人都赞成将狼的数量减少到170头。瑞典进行大规模屠狼行动很快引起了国际上一些野生动物保护组织的注意，并且纷纷对其进行劝阻。狼作为一种顶级捕食者，其主要猎物就是中大型的食草动物，作为生态系统下的消费群体，它们能够控制食草类及啮齿类生物繁衍。同时，狼群通过追捕一些老弱病残个体，对食草动物本身也能起到种群复壮的作用。对于维持整个生态系统平衡来说，都是有极大作用的。不合理狩猎导致狼群灭绝，这只是最直接的一个影响，事实上远不止如此。当狼群在生态系统中消失之后，原本被其压制的食草动物在短时间内会疯长，这对于环境来说是一种灾难。 |
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