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otherwise“否则”呢？ otherwise的本意就是not this one, but something else，是从other衍生过来的， 后缀wise是表示「in a… way」以…方式，「in … respect」在…方面。比如: likewise类似的（in a "like" way）clockwise顺时针的 （沿着钟表走动的方向） stepwise逐步的 （像阶梯一样的方式）timewise 在时间方面(Timewise, we are OK 在时间方面，我们还很充足）moneywise在钱方面marketwise在市场方面 healthwise在健康方面 我们再来看otherwise，就是在其他方面(other respect/other thing），即not this one but something else，就是指「除目前说的这个以外的其他…」，something else包罗万象，指代任何你想指代的东西。 “否则（if not）”只是其中的一个意思，出现在两个对立的情况中，只有Yes和No，otherwise才会是「否则」的意思。如果在非对立的情况中，otherwise就是指除此之外的「其他情况」。 otherwise这个单词在英语文章中出现频率也算比较高，但是用法更为复杂，而且某些时候不好理解，比如考研英语中出现过这个句子： This might sound small, but to undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary. 这个（降分）听起来不多，但要消除它的影响，一名申请者的GMAT考试就要多考出本来不需要的30分。 此时to undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points意为：30 more GMAT points would not have been necessary if it had not been for such a decrease. otherwise,副词，基本含义是＂否则，在相反的情况下，要不然的话＂，表达了一个与前面所提到的真实情况相反的假设情况，所以常常使用虚拟语气，意为“原本”，并且常出现在定语从句中： 1)They support services which would otherwise be uneconomical. ：The services would be uneconomical if they didn't support them. 他们对这些服务提供了支持，这些服务原本花费不菲，很不经济。 2)He was lured into a crime that he would not otherwise have committed. ：He would not have committed a crime if he had not been lured it. 要不是被诱惑的话，他是不会犯罪的． 3)Big chains thrive because they provide goods and services of greater variety,better quality and lower cost than would otherwise be available. ：Goods and services of greater variety,better quality,and lower cost would not be available if it not for big chains. 大型连锁店之所以能够蓬勃发展，是因为它们提供的商品和服务种类繁多，质量更高，成本比其他方式更低。 otherwise 是个常用词，也是一个多义词。在不同的语境中，otherwise 的含义和用法有着很大的差异，以致在理解和使用它时经常出错。现将它的用法归纳如下。 一、otherwise 用作连词 意为“否则；要不然”，相当于 or，or else 或 if not . We’ll go early，otherwise we may not get a seat. 我们得早点去，要不然就没有座位了。 Seize the chance，otherwise you will regret it. 抓住机会，要不然你会后悔的。 I was ill that day，otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet. 那天我病了，否则我会去参加运动会的。 We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would have given you a hand. 我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。 otherwise 表示“否则”“要不然”时，其后的句子是否用虚拟语气，与句子所表达的意思有关。由于“否则”“要不然”的意思就是“如果不……就……”，它隐含一种条件在里面，所以，如果根据句意，其中的“条件”是真实的，就用陈述语气；如果其中的“条件”是不真实的，就用虚拟语气。 I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I'd go mad. 我很庆幸自己对学习怀有兴趣，不然我会疯掉的。 I don't think it is an example of bad writing myself, otherwise I'd be agreeing with Leavis, and that would never do. 我本人不认为这是篇糟糕的文章，否则我就和利维斯看法一样了，那可不行。 You must pay your taxes on time; otherwise, you will be punished. 你必须按时纳税，不然你会受惩罚的。 Don't start giving me problems otherwise I'll have to be very unpleasant indeed. 不要开始给我找麻烦，否则我就不客气了。 二、otherwise 用作副词 具有下列意义： 1. differently /in another way意为“另外；别样” He evidently thinks otherwise.他显然有不同的想法。 She is otherwise engaged.她另外有事。 We were going to play football，but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise. 我们原打算踢足球，可是天气太热，我们就决定去干别的事情了。 2. in other or different ways意为“在其他方面” The rent is high，but otherwise the house is satisfactory. 房租是贵，可这房子在别的方面倒令人满意。 He is noisy，but otherwise a nice boy. 他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是个好孩子。 The article is long，but not otherwise blameworthy. 这篇文章就是长，其他倒没什么不好。 He is rich,but otherwise an unhappy man. 他有钱,但在其他方面是个不幸福的人. 3. in the other way/on the contrary 意为“相反地；要不然；否则” He is guilty until proved otherwise. 在证明无罪之前他是有罪的。 He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten. 幸亏他提醒了我，要不然我就忘了。 I hate her and I won’t pretend otherwise. 我讨厌她，而且我不愿装作喜欢她。 Otherwise he would still be working，because his heart and soul were still in the school room with his students. 否则他还会在教书，因为他的心仍然在课堂上，仍然与学生们在一起。 三、otherwise 用作形容词 具有以下意义： 1. not as supposed 或 in a different state意为“另外的；不那样的；不同的” The truth is quite otherwise.事实真相与此大相径庭。 Our struggle can not be otherwise than victorious.我们的斗争定会胜利。 How can it be otherwise than fatal？这怎么会不致命呢？ I deeply regret that my behavior has stained what has been an otherwise gorgeous journey for all of us. 我的行为让大家本该美好的经历染上污点，我对此深表遗憾。 2. not alike意为“其他方面的；其他性质的” Some are wise，some are otherwise.有些人聪明，有些人则不然。 His students in Chinese literature are also his otherwise teachers. 这些人在中国文学方面是他的学生，可在其他方面却是他的老师。 四、otherwise 短语： 1. and otherwise 意为“等等；及其它” In the kindergarten，the children learn singing，dancing，drawing and otherwise. 孩子们在幼儿园里学唱歌、跳舞、画画等等。 She helped me with advice and otherwise.她用劝告等方式帮助我。 2. or otherwise 意为“或相反；或其反面”。例如： Everybody has his merits or otherwise.每个人都有自己的优点和缺点。 He is not concerned with its accuracy or otherwise.准确与否他不考虑。 Fine or otherwise,we shall have to go.不管天气好不好,我们非去不可。 3.otherwise than (by...)除。。。（方式）外 The student is otherwise his teacher thought. No will or any part thereof shall be revoked otherwise than by marriage as provided by section 13. 任何遗嘱的全部或任何部分均不得撤销，除根据第13条规定的缔结婚姻。 五、和unless搭配 在法律文书或者说明文里常见有如下四种表达： unless otherwise provided 除非另有规定 unless otherwise agreed 除非另有约定 unless otherwise stated 除非另有说明 unless otherwise advised by a doctor 或遵医嘱（除非医生另有指示） Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, either Party may terminate this Agreement at any time by giving the other Party thirty (30) days' advance written notice of termination. 除非本协议另有规定，任何一方可以提前终止合同，须提前30天以书面形式通知对方。 [小试] 翻译下列句子 1. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.(otherwise adj.其它的 ) 实际上，白宫声称，它可以废除任何一项合法的州级法律，只要它不认可。 2.But today,a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.（otherwise adv.另外；原本） 但现在，家庭财产 的损失再也不可能通过呆在家里的其他伴侣的额外收入弥补了。 3. There are currently 66,000 children in care, meaning they have been removed (voluntarily or otherwise) from their biological parents.（otherwise adv. 或相反，在其反面） 目前有66000名儿童在照顾中，这意味着他们已被自愿或以其他方式从亲生父母身边带走。 4. The Los Angeles Times recently ranked 6,000 teachers in California according to the progress (or otherwise) of their pupils.（otherwise adv. 以其他别的方式） 《洛杉矶时报》最近根据学生的进步（或其他方面）对加州的6000名教师进行了排名。 5. Two separate teams have tinkered with H5N1, otherwise known as bird flu. The resulting strains are dramatically more dangerous. （otherwise adv. 又被称作） 两个独立的团队已经修补了H5N1，也称为禽流感。由此产生的菌株更加危险。 6.This nation must now act boldly to reform its taxation of property. Otherwise it will have to face the consequences of continued weak local-government finances and even more social unrest.（otherwise adv. 否则，要不然的话） 这个国家现在必须大胆行动，改革其财产税。否则，它将不得不面对地方政府财政持续薄弱和更多社会动荡的后果。 7.In India a new breed of for-profit micro-lenders has shaken up an otherwise N GO-dominated sector—and annoyed the authorities.（otherwise adj.不同的；别样的） 在印度，新一代的营利性小额贷款机构动摇了原本由非政府组织主导的行业，并惹恼了当局。 8.Many solar firms, Chinese and otherwise, are now furiously selling inventory—the bane of an industry where prices are falling—at a loss.（otherwise adv. 除此之外，在其他方面（等等）） 许多太阳能公司，无论是中国公司还是其他国家，现在都在疯狂地出售库存——这是一个价格下跌的行业的祸根——亏本。 9.In terms of access, some worry that as banking moves further online, the old, the poor and the computer-illiterate will be excluded from the financial system. But the simple, low-cost mobile- banking systems that operate in countries such as Kenya, India or Brazil suggest otherwise.（otherwise adv. 并非如此） 在准入方面，一些人担心，随着银行业务进一步转向网上，老年人、穷人和计算机文盲将被排除在金融体系之外。但是，在肯尼亚、印度或巴西等国运营的简单、低成本的移动银行系统表明情况并非如此。 10.The entrepreneurs then embark on ambitious, long-gestation investment projects, only to discover that the men and materials they require are otherwise engaged in the production of more immediate gratifications.（otherwise adv. 忙于别的事情） 然后，企业家们开始了雄心勃勃、酝酿已久的投资项目，却发现他们所需的人员和材料原本用于生产更直接的满足感。 11.Smartphones and tablets can also promote efficiency by allowing people to get things done in spare moments that would otherwise be wasted, such as while queuing for coffee.（otherwise adv. 或相反，在其反面） 智能手机和平板电脑还可以通过让人们在空闲时间完成原本会被浪费的事情来提高效率，例如在排队喝咖啡时。 12. It foresees a tripling in the supply of unconventional gas between 2010 and 2035, leading to a slower price rise than would otherwise be expected.（otherwise特殊定语从句） 它预计2010年至2035年间非常规天然气供应量将增加两倍，导致价格上涨速度低于预期。 |
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