优化气管插管拔管的最新进展。蓝盒:预防脱机失败(weaning failure)的干预措施。红盒:预防气道衰竭的干预措施。紫色盒子(混合):预防气道和脱机失败的干预措施。SBT-自主呼吸试验、NIV-无创通气、HFNO-高流量鼻氧、PSV-压力支持通气、COPD-慢性阻塞性肺病、BNP-脑钠肽:文献出处:Intensive Care Med. 2023 Mar;49(3):337-340. doi: 10.1007/s00134-022-06964-y. Epub 2023 Jan 31.How to optimize extubation?