【原】英语写作 | 英语段落松散？试试这类“承上启下”过渡词

Hi, 大家好！

我是爱写爱译的Karen。

今天来兑现Additive transition words类别下的第三种功能：Reference。

Additive transition words

第一种功能：addition（补充同类或递进信息）功能

第二种功能：introduction（举例/阐述）的功能外

第三种功能：见如下

3

Reference (承上启下）

具体这个reference function是什么意思呢？

用英语来讲是这样的：

The reference function refer to the transition words and phrases that connect a new sentence or idea to a previously mentioned sentence or idea through reference to a specific noun or pronoun. 

用汉语来解释，就是承上启下。就是一类可以将新句子或新思想与先前提到的句子或思想联系起来的过渡词。

这类词包括this、that、these、those、such等指示代词，还有considering x、regarding x、in regard to x、as for x、 concerning x、the fact that x、on the subject of x等过渡词组。

而我们今天具体讲的就是这些过渡词组。

今天的讲解是通过对比的形式呈现。

Considering...:

对比两个版本，哪一个版本更方便你能理解作者的意图呢？

Example(无承上启下过渡词）

The data collected from the market research revealed a clear preference for organic products. It is reasonable to expect a rise in demand for organic goods in the near future.

Example(有承上启下过渡词）

The data collected from the market research revealed a clear preference for organic products. Considering this finding, it is reasonable to expect a rise in demand for organic goods in the near future.

说明：

我们用considering引出了前提条件，即this finding指代的内容：市场研究数据表明客户明确倾向于有机产品，然后进一步说明或得出结论：我们有理由认为、推测未来有机产品销量会上涨。

这样的过渡很好的承接了两个句子，让作者所表达的意思更连贯、逻辑更清晰。

根据语境，可以表示类似的含义的transition phrases还有：given(that)..., taking into account..., in view of..., on account of..., with respect to..., based upon...等

regarding...:

对比两个版本，哪一个版本更方便你能理解作者的意图呢？

Example(无承上启下过渡词）

The company has received several requests for language translation services from clients in Japan. It is actively seeking to expand its pool of qualified language translators who are specifically proficient in Japanese-to-English translation.

Example(有承上启下过渡词）

The company has received several requests for language translation services from clients in Japan. Regarding these requests, it is actively seeking to expand its pool of qualified language translators who are specifically proficient in Japanese-to-English translation.

说明：

我们用regarding承上启下回顾前文提及的内容：即these requests所指代的内容：日本客户的语言翻译服务请求，然后引入一个具体的解决方案：积极招纳翻译人才，特别是日英翻译人才。

使用过渡词后，整个表达更流畅、更清晰。

根据语境，可以表示类似的含义的transition phrases还有：

in regard to..., concerning..., about..., on the topic of..., as for...等

the fact that...:

对比两个版本，哪一个版本更方便你能理解作者的意图呢？

Example(无承上启下过渡词）

The company's profits have been declining for the past three quarters. They have lost two major clients.

Example(有承上启下过渡词）

The company's profits have been declining for the past three quarters. The fact that they have lost two major clients is a significant contributing factor.

这家公司的利润不断下降。他们失去了两个重要的客户，这才是主要原因。

说明：

没有过渡词的版本，貌似就在说两件不相关的事，但当我们用the fact that...过渡引出一个具体事实：点明了利润下降的一个重要原因即失去两个重要客户后，整个表达更加流畅、清晰，逻辑跃然纸上。

思考题

原文：

I really want to go on vacation this summmer. I have save up enough money.

请用 the fact that...增强文章的逻辑性和流畅度。

你的答案：

...